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Yellow Vests Flooded by Fake News Over 100M Views of Disinformation on Facebook

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Yellow Vests Flooded by Fake News Over 100M Views of Disinformation on Facebook YELLOW VESTS FLOODED BY FAKE NEWS OVER 100M VIEWS OF DISINFORMATION ON FACEBOOK Avaaz calls on Facebook to Correct the Record ahead of EU Elections -- with an in-depth study showing how fake news surrounding the Yellow Vests reached over 100 million views, and how Russia fueled the divide. 12/03/2019 - Avaaz Report YELLOW VESTS FLOODED BY FAKE NEWS OVER 100M VIEWS OF DISINFORMATION ON FACEBOOK Avaaz calls on Facebook to Correct the Record ahead of EU Elections -- with an in-depth study showing how fake news surrounding the Yellow Vests reached over 100 million views, and how Russia fueled the divide. 12/03/2019 CONTENTS 1) The Summary - What the study shows 6 2) The Data - 105M views of fake news 8 3) The Stories - 6 case studies 10 4) The Methodology - How the study was done 18 5) The Russia Effect - RT France dominates the YouTube debate 20 6) The Solution - Correct The Record 26 Annex - 100 Fake News Table 32 5 1 THE SUMMARY - WHAT THE STUDY SHOWS This new in-depth study by the global citizens’ or factually incorrect posts. Furthermore, the movement Avaaz shows for the first time the findings shine a light on the increased efforts from unprecedented scale at which the Yellow Vest Russian state media, RT France, to fuel the protests. movement has been impacted by disinformation. The research was carried out by a team of According to its findings, fake news surrounding investigative reporters, researchers and data the French Yellow Vest movement has reached an analysts set up by the global citizens movement estimated 105 million views on Facebook alone, in a Avaaz to detect and deter disinformation ahead country with just over 35 million Facebook monthly of the European elections. It shows clearly that active users1. Facebook and other platforms’ responses to The research analyzed social media posts over a five disinformation in Europe are ineffective and pose month period - between November 2018 and March a serious threat to healthy public discourse and 2019 - and focused mainly on Facebook, where most democratic stability, especially in light of upcoming of the Yellow Vest social media interaction took EU elections in May. The report concludes by place. It took into account the top known 100 fake calling on platforms to work with fact-checkers to news stories circulating in the French Yellow Vest Correct The Record for everyone exposed to false movement, all of which were fact-checked by French or misleading content, as an emergency measure or international media. The selected stories are ahead of the elections. mostly malicious, made-up, purposefully misleading The study shows: J Disinformation in Yellow Vest Facebook • an image of a Yellow Vest protest in Paris, groups and pages reached over 105 million with a caption alleging that the image had views and over 4 million shares in the time been censored on Facebook or elsewhere; between November 1, 2018 and March 6, 2019. Le Monde fact-checkers debunked the claim that the photo or the caption were deleted J The 100 most viewed fake news stories (349,403 shares, 8,967,432 est. views) analyzed in this report include: J RT France’s overwhelming dominance of • a post with images including bleeding the French debate about the Yellow Vests ‘Yellow Vest protesters,’ which media and on YouTube: Research focusing on the 500 government allegedly hid from the public top YouTube results shows that Russia’s state - when some of the photos were actually media was the most viewed channel for videos taken at different protests near Madrid or related to the Yellow Vest movement in France in Catalonia (136,818 shares, 3,511,456 est. and accumulated over 2 times as many views views) as Le Monde, L’Obs, Le Huffington Post, Le • a video of French President Macron Figaro and FRANCE 24 combined. dancing in the Middle East “while France J How Avaaz’s policy proposal “Correct the suffers,” when the video was actually taken Record” could function as a deterrence for over a month before, during the Summit far-spreading fake news, by requiring that for the Francophonie in Armenia (183,390 Facebook and other platforms work with fact- shares, 5,700,000 views) checkers to issue corrections to all users who have been exposed to disinformation. 1 https://www.lejdd.fr/Medias/Internet/il-y-a-plus-de-35-millions-dutilisateurs-de-facebook-en-france-3850928 6 7 2 Figure 2.2 -- Top 100 most viewed fake news by topic, Nov. 1, 2018 - Mar. 6, 2019 THE DATA - 105M VIEWS OF FAKE NEWS FAKE NEWS AND THE The key focus of the study is the world’s biggest Table 2.1 below shows the 20 most viewed fake Fake Gerard Lanvin letter social media platform Facebook, by far the most news stories for the period between November FRENCH YELLOW VESTS popular online network used by the Yellow Vest 1, 2018 and March 6, 2019. Figure 2.2 shows all movement2. We examined posts shared by pages, 100 most viewed fake news as an infographic, Each circle is one piece of “fake news” - size is equal to the total number of groups and profiles associated with the movement segmented by topic. The entire list of the 100 most Facebook “censors” and limited our analysis to posts containing text, viewed fake news can be found in the Annex. As estimated views a Yellow Vests picture images, and videos. stated above, all of the analyzed fake news have been fact-checked by French or international media. Table 2.1 -- 20 Most Viewed Fake News Content, Nov. 1, 2018 - Mar. 6, 2019 NAME OF VIDEO VIEWS SHARES FAKE NEWS FACT-CHECK https://www.facebook.com/groups/1136704289828258/ https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A66kHxLLAA5l1J0-d_ybp- Yellow Vests protest picture being deliberately deleted by Facebook 8,967,432 349,401 permalink/1144241582407862 r074KJWU8o/view?usp=sharing https://web.archive.org/web/20181210110228/facebook.com/ https://factuel.afp.com/non-gerard-lanvin-nest-pas-lauteur-dune- photo.php?fbid=10217401146005830&set=a.10201689078253956&- lettre-ouverte-anti-macron-tres-virale-sur-facebook Fake Gerard Lanvin letter 6,467,620 252,000 type=3&theater Fake pictures of police violence https://www.facebook.com/pat51343/videos/ https://observers.france24.com/fr/20181203-emmanuel-macron- vb.100007099055800/2072455656334383/?type=2&video_ danse-il-alors-mouvement-gilets-jaunes-debute Macron dances while France is protesting 5,700,000 183,392 source=user_video_tab Macron dances while France is protesting (2nd post) 4,944,624 192,659 https://www.facebook.com/yann.juarez/posts/2850952611587557 https://twitter.com/AfpFactuel/status/1066992424361312256 Fake photo of police support https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1969051696548925&set= https://twitter.com/AfpFactuel/status/1066818934664511489 Police allegedly supporting Yellow Vest protesters 4,619,857 180,005 pb.100003323406258.-2207520000.1544447688.&type=3&theater for the Yellow Vests https://observers.france24.com/en/20181129-debunked-videos- https://www.facebook.com/snoirotetthielen/posts/1971636099572802 Fake police violence pictures 3,511,456 136,818 yellow-vests-france-protests https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/occitanie/herault/montpellier/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/283520695621830/ herault-melenchon-victime-infox-confond-frontignan-bordeaux-chal- Video of police officers taking off their helmets - Montpellier 4,468,048 174,090 permalink/293590931281473 eur-soutien-1579669.html Figure 2.3 -- Views of the top 100 fake news by topic, Nov. 1, 2018 - Mar. 6, 2019 https://www.facebook.com/djohn.attend.5/ https://www.20minutes.fr/societe/2382079-20181128-video-gilets- Disobedience call from an alleged policeman 3,900,000 248,867 videos/2139730536342642/ jaunes-policier-vraiment-publie-videos-soutien-mouvement (need to be a member of the group to see the post) from an old 2016 video: https://www.youtube.com/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/298362254331895/ watch?v=qNvdpPHzniY Outdated police violences and allegedly being erased 3,516,127 137,000 permalink/317972172370903 FRENCH YELLOW VEST https://www.facebook.com/Bassiste.de.Fanatic.Control/videos/ https://factuel.afp.com/gilets-jaunes-demeler-le-vrai-du-faux-de-trois- France 3 TV intentionally censoring journalist 3,700,000 119,059 vb.1234098273/10217681408767031/?type=2&theater jours-de-mobilisation-0 FAKE NEWS DATABASE BY https://factuel.afp.com/hors-contexte-anciennes-ou-faussement- https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=348619922581785 Police beating students (outdated) 3,600,000 161,862 legendeestoutes-les-images-de-violences-en-marge-du-mouvement ESTIMATED VIEWS AND TYPE http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/gilets-jaunes-les- https://www.facebook.com/nicole.guegan.735/ mercenaires-de-macron-et-autres-intox-qui-pullulent-sur- Macron hired mercenaries; secret services support Yellow Vest protests 3,500,000 135,169 videos/2709389059285694/ facebook-05-12-2018-7961382.php Each circle represents one piece of fake news labeled by https://www.facebook.com/benjamin.e.dupouy/ https://factuel.afp.com/la-police-bordeaux-retire-son-casque-en- Police officers taking off their helmets - Bordeaux 3,300,000 121,983 videos/10218125252782142/ soutien-aux-gilets-jaunes-une-interpretation-douteuse keywords; filtered to show content with >2,500,000 views https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/12/06/vendre-la- https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=361553517934236 france-a-l-onu-de-donald-trump-aux-gilets-jaunes-l-itineraire-mondial- UN is planning the replacement of European population by migrants 2,000,000 72,457 d-une-intox_5393268_4355770.html https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/12/06/vendre-la- https://www.facebook.com/romeo.piacquaddio/ france-a-l-onu-de-donald-trump-aux-gilets-jaunes-l-itineraire-mondial- videos/1430180387116830/ Marrakech Pact conspiracy 3,100,000 108,617 d-une-intox_5393268_4355770.html https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2016/12/30/quels- https://www.facebook.com/groups/310403819778193/ pays-europeens-remunerent-le-mieux-leurs-elus_5055895_4355770.
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