Северо-Кавказское Научное Сотрудничество North Caucasus
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No. 19: Future Scenarios for the South Caucasus
caucasus analytical caucasus analytical digest 19/10 digest There is an increasing awareness of the artificial based on opportunistic alliance building. Relation- nature of the concept of the South Caucasus, group- ships between governments, outside forces, and domes- ing together three countries, which are indeed not to tic actors cease as quickly as they develop. Though giv- be treated as one entity. Especially the countries of the ing an impression of political progress, the region as a South Caucasus regard this concept with hesitation as whole stagnates socially and economically and leaves they see the danger that it neglects, at least conceptu- itself exposed to outside intervention. Peaceful coexis- ally, the individual development paths and character- tence and local escalation of conflict come and go. istics of each country. Countries of the South Cauca- While mild forms of authoritarianism assert them- sus will not fulfill the external expectations of regional selves in the countries of the South Caucasus, the integration, but fragment. Over time, individual coun- region remains a contested space. As Europe becomes tries might integrate with outside neighbours. It may less engaged, due to lack of progress and the political well be possible that in 2025 Armenia will have under- developments on the ground, Russia and Turkey real- gone advanced integrated with Turkey, Azerbaijan will ize mutual benefits from cooperating economically and have become part of the Caspian region and Georgia politically in the region. Meanwhile, Russia is able to will have oriented West and become an integral part of create a space of “sovereign democracies” including Mol- the Black Sea region. -
Ethnic Competition, Radical Islam and Challenges to Stability in the Republic of Dagestan
Ethnic Competition, Radical Islam, and Challenges to Stability in the Republic of Dagestan Edward C. Holland Doctoral Candidate Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Geography Campus Box 487 University of Colorado Boulder, CO. 80309-0487 USA Email: [email protected] Phone: 1-303-492-4347; fax 1-303-492-3609 John O’Loughlin College Professor of Distinction and Professor of Geography Institute of Behavioral Science Campus Box 487 University of Colorado Boulder, CO. 80309-0487 USA Email: [email protected] Phone: 1-303-492-1619; fax 1-303-492-3609 Forthcoming COMMUNIST AND POST-COmMUNIST STUDIES 2010 Acknowledgements: This research was supported by a grant from the Human and Social Dynamics Initiative of the U.S. National Science Foundation, grant number 0433927. Thanks to Vladimir Kolossov, and Gearoid Ó Tuathail for help with the survey and the fieldwork in Dagestan, to our Dagestani colleagues, Eldar Eldarov, Shakhmardan Muduyev, Sharafudin Aliyev, and Zagir Atayev for their overwhelming hospitality on two field expeditions and to Nancy Thorwardson of the Institute of Behavioral Science for preparing the map for publication. We also acknowledge Alexei Grazhdankin and his colleagues of the Levada Center, Moscow for their timely, professional and friendly cooperation that ensured the success of the complex survey in Dagestan. Abstract Previous academic work on stability in Dagestan has focused on two potential cleavages, the republic’s ethnic diversity and the challenge from radical Islamist groups. Using results from a December 2005 survey, and focusing on Dagestan’s six main ethnic groups, this paper investigates attitudes towards the dual topics of the politicization of ethnicity and the relationship between terrorism and Islamism. -
APPENDIX 6. a List of Natural Areas in Preferential Protection (NAPP) Accessible for Federal Grid Company for the Purposes of Operation
APPENDICES APPENDIX 6. A List of Natural Areas in Preferential Protection (NAPP) Accessible for Federal Grid Company for the Purposes of Operation A type of title Location (RF region, № Federal Grid Company Facility Land area, hectares to the land city, etc.) Name of NAPP MES of Center Upper Don PMES 1 220kV HVL Voronezhskaya 1.2 (11.944km) 35.8 Leased Russia, Voronezh The Voronezh State Natural Region, Verkhnehavsky Biospheric Reserve District Volga-Don PMES 2 500 kV HVL Balashovskaya-Lipetskaya (8.468km, supports 0.3157 Leased NN 894-9150) Novokhopersk District, The Khoper State Natural Voronezh Region Reserve 3 500 kV HVL Balashovskaya – Lipetskaya 2 (with a branch to Novovoronezhskaya NPP), 8.777 km, supports NN 894-916. 0.8406 Moscow PMES Moscow Region, 4 220 kV Kashira-Oka 1,2 11.97 In actual use The Prioksky Terrace State Serpukhov District Biospheric Reserve Priokskoye PMES Kaluga Region, 5 500 kV HVL Smolenskaya NPP – Kaluzhskaya 0.984 In open-ended Ugra National Park permanent use Ukhnovsky District 0.135 Leased Kaluga Region, 6 220 kV HVL Cherepet – Liteinaya Kaluga Blaze Reserve Kozelsky District 7 220 kV HVL Cherepet – Tsementnaya 0.051 500 kV HVL Smolenskaya NPP - Mikhailovskaya Kaluga Region, 8 2.912 Leased Uljanovsky District Chernozemnoye PMES 9 500 kV HVL Novobryanskaya – Yelets (commissioned in 185.5 Leased Orel Region, Orel Forest National Park 1997, supports NN 212-308, 26.5km long) Khotynetsky District MES Siberia Khakasskoye PMES 10 500 kV HVL Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP – Leased Republic of Khakassia Shoria National -
Rare Species of Shield-Head Vipers in the Caucasus
Nature Conservation Research. Заповедная наука 2016. 1 (3): 11–25 RARE SPECIES OF SHIELD-HEAD VIPERS IN THE CAUCASUS Boris S. Tuniyev Sochi National Park, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received: 03.10.2016 An overview is presented on shield-head vipers of the genus Pelias distributed in the post-Soviet countries of the Caucasian Ecoregion. The assessment presents the current conservation status and recommendations to vipers’ ter- ritorial protection. Key words: Caucasian Ecoregion, shield-head vipers, current status, protection. Introduction The Caucasian Ecoregion (the territory south- to-landscape descriptions (Tunieyv B.S. et al., 2009; ward from the Kuma-Manych depression to north- Tuniyev S.B. et al., 2012, 2014). The stationary works eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran) is the centre (mostly on the territory of the Caucasian State Nature of taxonomic diversity of shield-head vipers within Biosphere reserve and Sochi National Park) conducted the genus Pelias Merrem, 1820, of which 13–18 a study of the microclimatic features of vipers’ habitats species are found here. Without exception, all spe- including temperature and humidity modes of air and cies have a status of the different categories of rare- the upper soil horizon. The results were compared with ness, they are included on the IUCN Red list, or in thermobiological characteristics of the animals (Tuni- the current and upcoming publication of National yev B.S. & Unanian, 1986; Tuniyev B.S. & Volčik, and Regional Red Data Books. Besides the shield- 1995). In a number of cases difficult to determine the head vipers the Caucasian Ecoregion inhabit three taxonomic affiliation, in addition to the classical meth- representatives of mountain vipers of the genus ods of animal morphology and statistics, biochemistry Montivipera Nilson, Tuniyev, Andren, Orlov, Joger and molecular-genetic analysis methods have been ap- & Herrman, 1999 (M. -
Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus
STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N. -
NATIONAL PROTECTED AREAS of the RUSSIAN FEDERATION: of the RUSSIAN FEDERATION: AREAS PROTECTED NATIONAL Vladimir Krever, Mikhail Stishov, Irina Onufrenya
WWF WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation WWF-Russia organizations, with almost 5 million supporters and a global network active in more than 19, bld.3 Nikoloyamskaya St., 100 countries. 109240 Moscow WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a Russia future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by: Tel.: +7 495 727 09 39 • conserving the world’s biological diversity Fax: +7 495 727 09 38 • ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable [email protected] • promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. http://www.wwf.ru The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy - the leading conservation organization working around the world to The Nature Conservancy protect ecologically important lands and waters for nature and people. Worldwide Office The mission of The Nature Conservancy is to preserve the plants, animals and natural 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100 NNATIONALATIONAL PPROTECTEDROTECTED AAREASREAS communities that represent the diversity of life on Earth by protecting the lands and waters Arlington, VA 22203-1606 they need to survive. Tel: +1 (703) 841-5300 http://www.nature.org OOFF TTHEHE RRUSSIANUSSIAN FFEDERATION:EDERATION: MAVA The mission of the Foundation is to contribute to maintaining terrestrial and aquatic Fondation pour la ecosystems, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with a view to preserving their biodiversity. Protection de la Nature GGAPAP AANALYSISNALYSIS To this end, it promotes scientific research, training and integrated management practices Le Petit Essert whose effectiveness has been proved, while securing a future for local populations in cultural, 1147 Montricher, Suisse economic and ecological terms. -
Final Project Report English Pdf 92.58 KB
CEPF SMALL GRANT FINAL PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT I. BASIC DATA Organization Legal Name: Environmental Watch on the North West Caucasus Project Title (as stated in the grant agreement): Public Campaign for Western Greater Caucasus Biodiversity Protection from Planning of Olympic Games in Sochi Region / Russia Implementation Partners for This Project: International Socio-Ecological Union, Greenpeace Russia, NABU, Druzhinas for Nature Preservation Movement, WWF Russia, Center of Environmental Policy of Russia, Sochi Branch of Russian Geographical Society, NGO "Our Sochi", Krasnodar Regional Branch of All-Russia Public Association "United Civil Green Alternative" (GROZA) (NGO "ETnIСA"), Maikop City Organization of VOOP, Environmental group "For Life!", Center for the protection of constitutional rights and liberties of people, Public Environmental Council of Sochi, Public Council of Sochi, Public Chamber of Sochi, Committee of Sochi's Rescue, Design Laboratory "Ar-Ko", "Eco-Expert" Ltd, etc. Project Dates (as stated in the grant agreement): May 1, 2006 - October 31, 2006 Project Dates (really): Juny 15, 2006 – July 10, 2007 Date of Report (month/year): 12/2007 II. OPENING REMARKS Provide any opening remarks that may assist in the review of this report. In connection with the fact that it was extremely important to support the active public participation in the process of decision making relative to the Olympic Games 2014 location, and since the Environmental Watch on North Caucasus did not possess any other means for realization of these activities, the accomplishment of the project lasted longer than it was expected – more than one year. III. NARRATIVE QUESTIONS 1. What was the initial objective of this project? The initial objective of this project was the prevention of Olympic Games 2014 realization on the especially protected areas of Western Caucasus and within boundaries of World Heritage Site and also averting of negative and irreplaceable effect to its biodiversity. -
RUSSIAN FEDERATION This Large Site on the Western End of the Greater Caucasus Mountains Is in One of the Few Great Mountain Ranges of Europe Almost Undisturbed by Man
WESTERN CAUCASUS RUSSIAN FEDERATION This large site on the western end of the Greater Caucasus Mountains is in one of the few great mountain ranges of Europe almost undisturbed by man. Its extensive mountain forests, from subtropical to alpine, are unique in Europe and its high pastures have been grazed only by wild animals. The site is on the edge of the Colchian centre of plant diversity barely 30 kilometres from the Black Sea. Stretching between lowlands and alpine mountains, it includes four-fifths of the ecosystems of the Caucasus and includes many endemic and relict species such as the reintroduced European bison. Threats to the site: Construction of more than 250 facilities for the 2014 Winter Olympics is heavily impinging on the site and region. COUNTRY Russian Federation NAME Western Caucasus NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SERIAL SITE 1999: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criteria ix and x. STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE [pending] The UNESCO World Heritage Committee issued the following statement at the time of inscription: Justification for Inscription The Western Caucasus has a remarkable diversity of geology, ecosystems and species. It is of global significance as a centre of plant diversity. Along with the Virgin Komi World Heritage site, it is the only large mountain area in Europe that has not experienced significant human impact, containing extensive tracts of undisturbed mountain forests unique on the European scale. INTERNATIONAL DESIGNATION 1978: Kavkazskiy designated a Biosphere Reserve under the -
From Sacred Cow to Cash Cow Muller, Martin
From sacred cow to cash cow Muller, Martin License: Creative Commons: Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND) Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Müller, M 2014, 'From sacred cow to cash cow: the shifting political ecologies of protected areas in Russia', Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie, vol. 58, no. 2-3, pp. 127-143. Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive. -
The North Caucasus Ways Forward for Russia and the European Union
Building Stability in the North Caucasus Ways Forward for Russia and the European Union SIPRI Policy Paper No. 16 Neil J. Melvin Stockholm International Peace Research Institute May 2007 © SIPRI, 2007 ISSN 1652-0432 (print) ISSN 1653-7548 (online) Printed in Sweden by CM Gruppen, Bromma Contents Preface iv Map of the North Caucasus vi Table A.1. Data on the North Caucasus and the Russian Federation vii 1. Introduction: instability in the North Caucasus 1 The structure of this Policy Paper 6 2. The roots of instability in the North Caucasus 7 Incorporation and pacification 7 The North Caucasus in the Soviet Union 9 World War II and Stalin 11 The post-Stalin era and perestroika 12 The North Caucasus in the Russian Federation 15 Nationalist mobilization 15 The failure of state building in the North Caucasus 17 Religious revival 18 The first Chechen war 21 3. The North Caucasus in the Putin era 24 Putin’s new course 24 Replacing local elites 26 The second Chechen war 28 Russia’s ‘war on terrorism’ 31 The role of the international community 35 4. Prospects for the North Caucasus 37 National–territorial issues 37 Islam and Islamism 40 Governance in the North Caucasus 43 Socio-economic issues 44 Russia’s security policies 45 The North Caucasus and the European Union 46 5. Recommendations 48 Recommendations for the Russian Federation 48 Recommendations for the European Union 54 About the author 59 Preface For most people, the notion of conflict in the North Caucasus—a region within the Russian Federation, as distinct from the independent states of the South Cau- casus—is synonymous with Chechnya. -
1 When the Crime-Terror Nexus Does Not Materialize: Drug Trafficking
When the Crime-Terror Nexus Does Not Materialize: Drug Trafficking, Militants and the State in Russia Mariya Y. Omelicheva and Lawrence P. Markowitz Introduction This article examines the conditions under which a crime-terror nexus fails to emerge and explains what may arise in its place. The lack of a nexus in many “hot spots” around the globe is often overlooked in the comparative literature, which tends to emphasize its prevalence rather than its absence (Dishman, 2001; Sanderson, 2004; Shelley, 2005). A study on why a nexus does not materialize, therefore, is not only valuable for its intrinsic importance to international peace and security, but also because it constitutes a “negative case” that tests the explanatory power of existing theory on the crime-terror nexus (Mahoney and Goertz 2004). Through the example of Russia, utilizing a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, we demonstrate that the nature of organized criminal networks, drug trafficking, state authority, and non-state violence – both within a country and transnationally – can undercut the emergence of a stable, consolidated crime-terror nexus. By most accounts, Russia’s North Caucasus appears to epitomize the convergence of terrorist networks with the criminal world, according to the scholarship on the crime-terror nexus (Dishman, 2001; Makarenko, 2004). In the Chechen republic, in particular, separatist groups with ties to the global jihadi movement have been known for their deep involvement in crime that provided revenue for their violent operations (Pauli 2001; Hahn 2012). Today, the broader North Caucasus is plagued by the phenomenon of “Afghanization” – an explosive situation produced by a combination of militancy, poverty, organized crime, and externally sponsored Islamic radicalization (Cornell 2012). -
New Records of Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi from the Ural Mountains, Russia
Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 48: 119–124 (2011) New records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Ural Mountains, Russia Gennadii Urbanavichus1 & Irina Urbanavichene2, 3 1Laboratory of terrain ecosystems, Institute of the Industrial Ecology of the North, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 14a, Apatity, 184209 Murmansk region, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Laboratory of Lichenology and Bryology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Professor Popov St. 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 3Baikalskii State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Tankhoi, 671120 Kabansk District, Buryatia Republic, Russia Abstract: A total of 53 taxa of lichens and lichenicolous fungi are first reported from the Ural Mountains (Republic Bashkortostan, Russia). Nine lichen species, Anema decipiens, Bagliettoa parmigera, Diplotomma hedinii, Heteroplacidium compactum, H. zamenhofianum, Lecania suavis, Placidiopsis cinerascens, Placynthium pulvinatum, Psorotichia montinii, and six lichenicolous fungi, Arthonia phaeophysciae, Buelliella poetschii, Karschia talcophila, Lichenopeltella hydrophila, Lichenostigma svandae, Phoma cladoniicola are new to Russia. Kokkuvõte: Samblike ja lihhenikoolsete seente uued leiud Uraali mägedest, Venemaalt Uraali mägedest (Baškiiria vabariigist) teatatakse 53 piirkonnale uue lihheniseerunud ja lihhenikoolse seeneliigi leidudest. Üheksa lihheniseerunud seene liiki (Anema decipiens, Bagliettoa parmigera, Diplotomma hedinii, Heteroplacidium compactum, H. zamenhofianum, Lecania suavis,