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La Botanique Dans Un Contexte Local: Les Jardins De Florence À L’Époque Des Grands-Ducs (1569–1859)
Gesnerus 74/1 (2017) 5–52 La botanique dans un contexte local: les jardins de Florence à l’époque des grands-ducs (1569–1859) René Sigrist et Sonia Zanier* Summary This article describes the social and institutional conditions of the practice of botany in early modern Florence. This practice started with the study of medical plants in hospital and university contexts, with the passion of the Medicis for gardens, and the interest of the Vallombrosian monks for cryp- togams. During the XVIIIth century, science of plants focused on classifi cation (morphology), pharmacology (materia medica) and vegetable phy siology, but included also the inventory of Tuscan flora and agronomy. These diverging aims created tensions within the nascent community of botanists, crystallizing around the management of gardens and the choice of classifi cation systems. After 1770, a more scientific approach of botany was made possible by the rise of experimental practices and the development of chem- istry. Yet, a true professionalization of research did not occur before the political unification of Italy, when the management of institutions and the recruitment of botanists were assumed by a central Ministry of education, instead of being dependent on princely favors and patrician connections. Keywords: botany, Florence, 18th century, gardens, agronomy * Cette recherche, menée pour l’essentiel à l’Institut des Sciences Sociales de l’Université de Lausanne, a été financée par le Fonds National Suisse de la recherche scientifique, subsides no 100.011_137.579 et 100.011_166.345. Les auteurs tiennent à témoigner leur gratitude envers Emma Spary pour ses suggestions bibliographiques et interprétatives, ainsi que pour ses nombreuses remarques. -
Atti Società Toscana Scienze Naturali
ATTI DELLA SOCIETÀ TOSCANA DI SCIENZE NATURALI MEMORIE • SERIE B • VOLUME CXXVI • ANNO 2019 Edizioni ETS Serie_b_126/2019BN.indb 1 10/03/20 08:11 Serie_b_126/2019BN.indb 2 10/03/20 08:11 INDICE - CONTENTS S. PASTA, A. TROÌA – From common and used to rare S. MAcciONI, R. VANGELisTI, L. AMADEI – I manoscritti and forgotten: Past and present distribution of the ar- del Museo Botanico pisano. Il “Fondo Gaetano Savi” chaeophyte Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae) in (1769-1844). southern Italy and Sicily. The manuscripts of Botanic Museum of Pisa. The Col- Da comune e utilizzata a rara e dimenticata: distribuzio- lection of Gaetano Savi (1769-1844). » 61 ne passata e presente dell’archeofita Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae) in Italia meridionale e Sicilia. pag. 5 G. INNOCENTI, R. MANZONI – Catalogues of the Natural History Museum, Zoological Section “La C.M. MUSARELLA, I. PAGLIANITI, A. CANO-ORTIZ, Specola”, of the University of Florence. XXXIV. G. SPAmpiNATO – Indagine etnobotanica nel territo- Crustacea, Class Malacostraca, Order Decapoda. rio del Poro e delle Preserre Calabresi (Vibo Valentia, Superfamily Portunoidea (Families Geryonidae, S-Italia). Portunidae). Ethnobotanical study in the Poro and Preserre Calabresi Cataloghi del Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università territory (Vibo Valentia, S-Italy). » 13 di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”. XXXIV. Crustacea, Classe Malacostraca, Ordine Decapoda. Su- A. DI CENciO, S. CASATI, A. COLLARETA – A new re- perfamiglia Portunoidea (Famiglie Geryonidae, Portu- cord of Ocypode italica (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) from nidae). » 69 the Pliocene of Tuscany (central Italy). Un nuovo esemplare di Ocypode italica (Brachyura: F. CIANFERONI, G. MAZZA, G. INNOCENTI – Presenza Ocypodidae) dal Pliocene della Toscana (Italia centrale). -
Atti Società Toscana Scienze Naturali
ATTI DELLA SOCIETÀ TOSCANA DI SCIENZE NATURALI MEMORIE • SERIE B • VOLUME CXXVI • ANNO 2019 Edizioni ETS INDICE - CONTENTS S. PASTA, A. TROÌA – From common and used to rare S. MAcciONI, R. VANGELisTI, L. AMADEI – I manoscritti and forgotten: Past and present distribution of the ar- del Museo Botanico pisano. Il “Fondo Gaetano Savi” chaeophyte Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae) in (1769-1844). southern Italy and Sicily. The manuscripts of Botanic Museum of Pisa. The Col- Da comune e utilizzata a rara e dimenticata: distribuzio- lection of Gaetano Savi (1769-1844). » 61 ne passata e presente dell’archeofita Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae) in Italia meridionale e Sicilia. pag. 5 G. INNOCENTI, R. MANZONI – Catalogues of the col- lections of the Natural History Museum, Zoological C.M. MUSARELLA, I. PAGLIANITI, A. CANO-ORTIZ, Section “La Specola”, of the University of Florence. G. SPAmpiNATO – Indagine etnobotanica nel territo- XXXIV. Crustacea, Class Malacostraca, Order De- rio del Poro e delle Preserre Calabresi (Vibo Valentia, capoda. Superfamily Portunoidea (Families Geryoni- S-Italia). dae, Portunidae). Ethnobotanical study in the Poro and Preserre Calabresi Cataloghi del Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università territory (Vibo Valentia, S-Italy). » 13 di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”. XXXIV. Crustacea, Classe Malacostraca, Ordine Decapoda. Su- A. DI CENciO, S. CASATI, A. COLLARETA – A new re- perfamiglia Portunoidea (Famiglie Geryonidae, Portu- cord of Ocypode italica (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) from nidae). » 69 the Pliocene of Tuscany (central Italy). Un nuovo esemplare di Ocypode italica (Brachyura: F. CIANFERONI, G. MAZZA, G. INNOCENTI – Presenza Ocypodidae) dal Pliocene della Toscana (Italia centrale). » 29 di Potamon fluviatile (Herbst, 1785) nel tratto fioren- tino del Fiume Arno (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Po- L. -
F. Garbari, A. Giovannini & D. Marchetti Biosystematics, Taxonomy
F. Garbari, A. Giovannini & D. Marchetti Biosystematics, taxonomy and phytogeography of the Pteridological Flora of the Monte Pisano (NW Tuscany, Italy) Abstract Garbari, F., Giovannini, A. & Marchetti , D.: Biosystematics, taxonomy and phytogeography of the Pteridological Flora of the Monte Pisano (NW Tuscany, ItaIy). - Bocconea 16(1): 41-53. 2003. - ISSN 1120-4060. Monte Pisano includes a group of hills spreading from NW to SE between the Lucca and Pisa plains in NW Tuscany, Centrai ltaly. In spite of its modest height (max. 9 17 m a.s.l.) and size (20 x IO km), Monte Pi sano shows a rugged morphology with numerous peac ks, va lIeys, siopes and piains, springs and streams. Its geological history, Iinked to that one of the Apuan Alps, dates back to Palaeozoic era. A wide variety oflithological types, stones ("verruca no" and Saint Giuliano "marble" were used to build the medieval Lucca and Pisa towns), substrates and habi tats is offered to visitors, as well as numerous aspects of the anthropic hi story, i.e. ancient set tlements, casti es, fortresses, villas and churches remains. During last decades fieid investiga tions carried out by many researchers of Pisa University enlarged the knowledge of several nat uralistic aspects ofMonte Pisano, includind the geobotanical ones. Special attention was recent Iy payed to the pteridology of the area. The main result of these investigations may be summa ri zed as follows. Nine species previously documented in PI, FI, SIENA and other Herbaria may be considered as extinct for the area. Among them, Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, Phegopteris connectilis, Marsilea quadrifolia, Sa/vinia na/ans.