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Australian History 1901-1945 Australia 1901 AUSTRALIAN HOMESCHOOLING SERIES AUSTRALIAN HOMESCHOOLING SERIES Australian History Australian History 1901-1945 1901-1945 1ST IN A SERIES OF 2 1ST IN A SERIES OF 2 Years 7-11 Years 7-11 Written by Valerie Marett Written by Valerie Marett SAMPLECORONEOS PUBLICATIONS CORONEOS PUBLICATIONS Item No 523 Item No 523 Contents Contents Australian History 1901—1945 Australian History 1901—1945 Notes to the Parent………………………….……………….…………..……. 3 Notes to the Parent………………………….……………….…………..……. 3 Consolidation of Political Parties after Federation…………………....… 4 Consolidation of Political Parties after Federation…………………....… 4 Federation: the Framework …..………………………………………...4 Federation: the Framework …..………………………………………...4 Political Parties and the System …………...……………………...….. 5 Political Parties and the System …………...……………………...….. 5 Early Problems 1901 - 1908 ………………………...…………………..10 Early Problems 1901 - 1908 ………………………...…………………..10 The Problem of Protection, The Problem of a Fair and Reasonable The Problem of Protection, The Problem of a Fair and Reasonable Wage, Problems of Social Welfare Wage, Problems of Social Welfare External Problems……….………………………………………...……..16 External Problems……….………………………………………...……..16 The Problem of the Tension between Australian Nationalism and The Problem of the Tension between Australian Nationalism and British Imperialism, The Problem of Defense British Imperialism, The Problem of Defense The Boer War ………………………………….……………………………….20 The Boer War ………………………………….……………………………….20 The Background, The Boer War 1899 - 1902 The Background, The Boer War 1899 - 1902 World War I………………………………………………………..………….. 23 World War I………………………………………………………..………….. 23 The Causes, Why was Australia Involved?, To what extent was The Causes, Why was Australia Involved?, To what extent was Australia involved? Australia involved? The War ……….………………………………………………...……..… 27 The War ……….………………………………………………...……..… 27 The Setting, Australia’s Reaction to the War, The Start of the War, The Setting, Australia’s Reaction to the War, The Start of the War, The Anzacs, The Women, In France, The Middle East, Russia The Anzacs, The Women, In France, The Middle East, Russia The War at Sea ……………………………………………………..….. 46 The War at Sea ……………………………………………………..….. 46 Submarines Submarines The War in the Air ……………………………………………..……..… 47 The War in the Air ……………………………………………..……..… 47 The USA Enters the War …………………………………........…….... 49 The USA Enters the War …………………………………........…….... 49 The Last Years, Casualties, The Anzacs’ View, Results of World War I, The Last Years, Casualties, The Anzacs’ View, Results of World War I, The League of Nations The League of Nations Consequences of World War I …………………………..…...…….. 56 Consequences of World War I …………………………..…...…….. 56 Wall Street Crash and its Effects on the World ………………..…. 59 Wall Street Crash and its Effects on the World ………………..…. 59 The Great Depression in Australia 1929-32 …………...………..……… 62 The Great Depression in Australia 1929-32 …………...………..……… 62 What was the Depression? Why was there a Depression? What was the Depression? Why was there a Depression? SAMPLEWhat was Done? Why was this plan adopted and not the others? What was Done? Why was this plan adopted and not the others? Recovery Recovery Results of Recovery in the Rest of the World ………………..…… 72 Results of Recovery in the Rest of the World ………………..…… 72 ©Valerie Marett Australian Homeschooling Coroneos Publications 1 #523 Australian History 1900-1945 1 Contents Contents The World War II………..…………………………………………………….. 76 The World War II………..…………………………………………………….. 76 The Causes The Causes The Rise of Japan ……………………………………………………… 81 The Rise of Japan ……………………………………………………… 81 The Rise of Hitler …………………………………………………….….. 85 The Rise of Hitler …………………………………………………….….. 85 Why was Hitler able to come to power? The Move Towards War Why was Hitler able to come to power? The Move Towards War War ……………………………………………………………………….. 91 War ……………………………………………………………………….. 91 Summary of the Reasons for War, Short Term Reasons, Australia’s Summary of the Reasons for War, Short Term Reasons, Australia’s Reaction to the War Reaction to the War The Progress of the War …………………………………………….… 95 The Progress of the War …………………………………………….… 95 Of Interest, Japan Enters the War, The Last Years of the War Of Interest, Japan Enters the War, The Last Years of the War The Immediate Aftermath ……………………………………..….…115 The Immediate Aftermath ……………………………………..….…115 The Spread of Communism The Spread of Communism Timeline ……………………………………………………………………….121 Timeline ……………………………………………………………………….121 Answers ……………………………………………………………………….132 Answers ……………………………………………………………………….132 SAMPLE ©Valerie Marett Australian Homeschooling Coroneos Publications 2 #523 Australian History 1900-1945 2 Australia in the 20th Century Australia in the 20th Century Consolidation of Political Parties after Federation Consolidation of Political Parties after Federation Federation: the Framework Federation: the Framework Australia celebrated Federation on 1st January 1901. Many felt Australia celebrated Federation on 1st January 1901. Many felt this was the beginning of a new era in Australian history, but this was the beginning of a new era in Australian history, but really it was only the birth of Australia as a nation. really it was only the birth of Australia as a nation. The Constitution was written in the 1880s. It was not an easy The Constitution was written in the 1880s. It was not an easy document to write. There were many conflicts: control of the document to write. There were many conflicts: control of the Murray River; protection or free trade, to mention only two. Murray River; protection or free trade, to mention only two. Furthermore, it wasn’t easy to interpret the Constitution. A Furthermore, it wasn’t easy to interpret the Constitution. A Federal Constitution meant that the power of government was Federal Constitution meant that the power of government was shared by six states and the federal government. Federal shared by six states and the federal government. Federal Parliament was given specific powers and all other matters Parliament was given specific powers and all other matters were left to the State Governments. As a result, there was a Alfred Deakin were left to the State Governments. As a result, there was a Alfred Deakin constant questioning of the powers. This was reflected in the constant questioning of the powers. This was reflected in the two Houses of Federal Parliament. The House of Representatives contained two Houses of Federal Parliament. The House of Representatives contained representatives of the Australian people. The Upper House, the Senate, representatives of the Australian people. The Upper House, the Senate, represented the states. At this time there were six Senators for each state. represented the states. At this time there were six Senators for each state. The Constitution itself contained a contradiction because it wasn’t entirely clear The Constitution itself contained a contradiction because it wasn’t entirely clear who would dominate: the people or the states - the House of Representatives or who would dominate: the people or the states - the House of Representatives or the Senate. Some thought that the states must have equal power with the the Senate. Some thought that the states must have equal power with the Federal Government and therefore there should be a strong Senate. Others felt Federal Government and therefore there should be a strong Senate. Others felt that the ultimate power should lie in the House of Representatives. This was in that the ultimate power should lie in the House of Representatives. This was in line with the Australian and British tradition of representative government. line with the Australian and British tradition of representative government. Alternatively, Australia could have followed the United States Government and Alternatively, Australia could have followed the United States Government and had a Cabinet separate from Parliament. It was the group that argued for had a Cabinet separate from Parliament. It was the group that argued for power in the Lower House that won. The House of Representatives was to power in the Lower House that won. The House of Representatives was to dominate and it was more or less assumed that the British Constitution would dominate and it was more or less assumed that the British Constitution would prevail. prevail. Alfred Deakin, (who was appointed Alfred Deakin, (who was appointed Prime Minister in 1903) believed Prime Minister in 1903) believed there was no need for the Senate. there was no need for the Senate. Although political parties were not Although political parties were not mentioned in the Constitution, he mentioned in the Constitution, he realised that one political party realised that one political party should form Cabinets. should form Cabinets. SAMPLEThe sharing of power with the states The sharing of power with the states was very difficult but it was the was very difficult but it was the Federal Government who was Federal Government who was more likely to win. more likely to win. ©Valerie Marett Australian Homeschooling Coroneos Publications 4 #523 Australian History 1900-1945 4 Answer these questions Answer these questions Always answer in sentences unless otherwise indicated. Always answer in sentences unless otherwise indicated. 1. Under the Constitution, who shared the power? 1. Under the Constitution, who shared the power? _____________________________________________________________________
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