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ISSN : 2354-5852 E-ISSN : 2579-5783 Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 6. No. 2. Agustus 2018 | 76 Determinan Stres Kerja Pada Penjaga Pala

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ISSN : 2354-5852 E-ISSN : 2579-5783 Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 6. No. 2. Agustus 2018 | 76 Determinan Stres Kerja Pada Penjaga Pala ISSN : 2354-5852 e-ISSN : 2579-5783 Determinan Stres Kerja pada Penjaga Palang Pintu Rel Kereta Api Resmi Resort 9.6 Daerah Operasi IX di Kabupaten Jember Dhanny Indra Prasetya1, Isa Ma’rufi1, Reny Indrayani1 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Jember, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Transportation sector development is one of the sub sectors that is important to support economic development. Poor transportation sector will develop human activities. One type of transportation is a train that has a special line and avoid congestion, Sometimes the train also cut off the highway, so the railway door is made to function to secure the train journey and guarded the door keepers. The problem in the concern at PT KAI is human error, One example of human error is a door keepers undisciplined in closing the railway door gates. One of the danger areas is Jember Regency which is located in DAOP IX, it is because Jember Regency had the most railway door in DAOP IX and has many crossings in the settlement area. The results of observations before the study found some workers who show symptoms of work stress. Jember regency had 12 official railway door and there are 47 door keepers who are all male. The door keepers are mostly 25-40 years old, have a working period of 1-5 years, have married marriage status, and have children <3, have wage / salary Rp 1,500,000-Rp 3,500,000, almost half of the respondents experienced fatigue and severe stress. The results of the study found there is a relationship between age, employment, marital status, wages / salary with work stress, but fatigue and wages/salary are not related to work stress. Keywords: door keepers, human error, work stress. Beberapa contoh kecelakaan kereta api 1. Pendahuluan yang disebabkan oleh human error seperti Pembangunan sektor transportasi yang terjadi di Pasuruan Bangil kecelakaan adalah salah satu subsektor yang penting untuk kereta mutiara timur yang menabrak 2 truk dan menunjang pembangunan ekonomi. Buruknya mobil box, lalu di Jember kecelakaan kereta pembangunan sektor transportasi akan probowangi yang menabrak mobil dan menghambat roda perekonomian masyarakat. menyebabkan korban meninggal. Kecelakaan Mobilitas masyarakat menjadi rendah, tersebut disebabkan oleh lalainya penjaga demikian pula pengangkutan barang dan jasa palang pintu untuk menutup palang pintu menjadi terhambat. Salah satu jenis perlintasan [Data investigasi kecelakaan KAI] transportasi tersebut adalah kereta api yang Melihat pentingnya fungsi dari memiliki banyak keunggulan seperti dapat penjaga palang pintu tersebut, PT KAI mengangkut penumpang secara masal dan memiliki daerah operasi (DAOP) yang terbadi tepat waktu karena memiliki jalur khusus yang menjadi 9, salah satu DAOP tersebut adalah terhindar dari kemacatan, terkadang jalur DAOP IX di Jember yang memiliki jalur mulai kereta api juga memotong jalan raya. Maka dari pasuruan hingga banyuwangi, dari DAOP dibuatlah palang pintu rel kereta api yang IX tersebut Jember merupakan salah satu fungsinya untuk mengamankan perjalanan daerah yang rawan karena memiliki kereta api (Republik Indonesia, 2007). perlintasan terbanyak di DAOP IX dan banyak Kereta api memiliki reputasi yang baik perlintasan yang melintas di area pemukiman dimata penumpang dibandingkan dengan warga sehingga sangat berbahaya (KNKT, transportasi darat yang lain, tetapi disamping 2016). hal tersebut ternyata ada beberapa kecelakaan Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan yang sering terjadi. Menurut data dari kepada penjaga palang pintu di Kabupaten Direktorat Jendral Perkeretaapian persentase Jember, ditemukan beberapa temuan seperti penyebab kecelakaan kereta api didominasi terlambatnya beberapa penjaga palang pintu oleh prasarana 41%, human error 33% dan saat hendak dilakukan pengarahan sebelum penyebab lainnya 26%, dari ketiga faktor pergantian shift, beberapa penjaga palang pintu tersebut human error adalah penyebab yang yang menguap saat dilakukan pengarahan, paling banyak mendapat sorotan karena lemas dan terlihat tidak bersemangat. Terlihat sebenarnya dapat dicegah sebelum terjadinya bahwa terdapat gangguan pada perilaku dan kecelakaan dan berbeda dibandingkan faktor fisik penjaga palang pintu. Gangguan pada penyebab yang lainnya (KNKT, 2016). Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 6. No. 2. Agustus 2018 | 76 ISSN : 2354-5852 e-ISSN : 2579-5783 perilaku dan fisik saat bekerja merupakan melakukan intervesi kepada objek atau non- gejala dari stres kerja (Sopiah, 2008). eksperiman. Stres kerja adalah suatu keadaan dimana terjadi ketidakmampuan pekerja dalam 2.1. Metode Pengumpulan Data menghadapi tuntutan tugas yang berakibat Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 47 pada ketidaknyamanan ketika bekerja penjaga palang pintu rel kereta api resort 9.6 (Tarwaka, 2014). Stres dapat dialami dalam DAOP IX Kabupaten Jember dan pemilihan berbagai situasi keadaan manusia, seperti stres sampel menggunakan rumus Lameshow et al yang dialami dalam dunia kerja. Dunia kerja (1990) dengan taraf kesalahan 5%, sehingga merupakan salah satu konteks yang erat menghasilkan sampel sejumlah 42 penjaga hubungannya dengan stres. Stres yang dialami palang pintu. pengambilan sampel dalam dunia kerja sering disebut dengan stres menggunakan metode simple random kerja (occupational stres). sampling. Faktor penyebab stres kerja Variabel-variabel yang terkait dengan bermacam-macam diantaranya karena faktor penelitian ini terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu dependen individu (umur, masa kerja, status pernikahan (terikat) dan independen (bebas), yang menjadi dan jumlah anak), faktor pekerjaan (upah/gaji) variabel dependen (terikat) adalah stres kerja dan kelelahan kerja. Faktor lain yang juga sedangkan untuk variabel independen (bebas) dapat menyebabkan timbulnya stres seperti adalah determinan stres kerja yang terdiri dari peran individu dalam lingkungan kerja, faktor karakteristik individu (umur, masa kerja, status hubungan antar pekerja, faktor pengembangan pernikahan, jumlah anak), status pekerjaan karir, faktor struktur organisasi, suasana kerja (upah/gaji) dan kelelahan kerja. dan faktor dari luar pekerjaan (NIOSH, 1999). Dampak dari stres kerja dapat berupa 2.2. Metode Analisis Data positif dan negatif (Tarwaka, 2013). Stres Semua data dikumpulkan dengan kerja yang memiliki pengaruh positif atau teknik wawancara menggunakan panduan biasa disebut eustres, seperti motivasi pribadi, wawancara dan instrumen kuesioner dari OSI- suatu rangsangan untuk bekerja lebih keras R TM (Occupational Stres Inventory – Revisied dan meningkatkan inspirasi hidup yang lebih Edition) serta SSRT (Subjective Self Rating baik, sedangkan stres yang berdampak negatif Test). Selanjutnya, analisis data menggunakan sebenarnya dapat merupakan fungsi dari analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji pekerjaan itu, sebab kuantitas stres yang chi-square dan uji spearman. optimum akan didapati pada setiap orang dan tugas. Stres kerja juga bisa dihadapi oleh 3. Hasil dan Pembahasan seorang penjaga pintu perlintasan kereta api, Semua responden yang telah dipilih karena penjaga pintu perlintasan kereta api menjadi sampel sejumlah 42 penjaga palang juga memiliki keterbatasan yang dapat pintu diwawancarai saat bekerja sebagai menyebabkan kondisi tersebut. Perasaan penjaga palang pintu. seperti rasa kantuk, rasa lelah, namun di sisi lain mereka dituntut harus siap dan berada a. Karakteristik Responden dalam kondisi yang prima ketika jadwal tugas Karakteristik responden adalah ciri untuknya tiba, karena sebentar saja mereka yang dimiliki responden sebagai sebagian dri lengah, nyawa manusia yang menjadi identitas , data tersebut diambil selama 31 hari korbannya pada tanggal 4 April – 4 Mei 2018. Tabel 1 Berdasarkan hal tersebut peneliti menunjukkan karakteristik responden yang tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dan meliputi umur, masa kerja, status pernikahan, menemukan apakah determinan yang dapat dan jumlah anak. menyebabkan stres kerja pada penjaga palang pintu rel kerea api di resort 9.6 Kabupaten b. Upah/gaji Jember Upah/gaji adalah pendapatan maksimal berupa uang yang diperoleh penjaga 2. Metode Penelitian palang pintu rel kereta api setiap bulan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Distribusi frekuensi berdasarkan tingkat analitic observasional yaitu penelitian tanpa pendapatan dapat dilihat pada tabel 2. 77 | Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 6. No. 2. Agustus 2018 ISSN : 2354-5852 e-ISSN : 2579-5783 berdasarkan tungkat stres yang dialami responden dapat dilihat pada tabel 4. Tabel 1. Karakteristik Responden Tabel 4. Distribusi frekuensi tingkat stress kerja. Karakteristik Individu Jumlah (n) Persentase Tingkat Stres Frekuensi Persentase (%) (%) Kerja Umur Stres ringan 6 14,3 < 24 tahun 5 11,9 25 – 40 tahun 27 64,3 Stres sedang 13 31 41 – 65 tahun 10 23,8 > 65 tahun 0 0 Stres berat 23 54,8 < 24 tahun 5 11,9 Jumlah 42 100 Total 42 100 Masa Kerja 1 – 5 tahun 24 57,1 6 – 10 tahun 9 21,4 e. Hubungaan karakteristik individu > 10 tahun 9 21,4 dengan stres kerja Jumlah 42 100 1) Hubungan umur dengan stres kerja Status Pernikahan Hasil analisis menggunakan uji Tidak menikah 10 23,8 spearman didapatkan p-value 0,000 atau < α Sudah menikah 32 76,2 0,05, maka dapat dikatakan kedua variabel Jumlah 42 100 berhubungan. Kekuatan korelasi ditunjukkan dengan hasil (r) sebesar 0,580 yang berarti Jumlah anak < 3 39 92,9 memiliki tingkat hubungan yang sedang. Arah > 3 3 7,1 hubungan pada tabel menunjukkan negatif Jumlah 42 100 atau tidak searah yang artinya semakin tua responden, maka tingkat stres kerja yang Tabel 2. Distribusi Frekuensi tingkat pendapatan. dialami responden
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