Gpnmb in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases
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Dog Coat Colour Genetics: a Review Date Published Online: 31/08/2020; 1,2 1 1 3 Rashid Saif *, Ali Iftekhar , Fatima Asif , Mohammad Suliman Alghanem
www.als-journal.com/ ISSN 2310-5380/ August 2020 Review Article Advancements in Life Sciences – International Quarterly Journal of Biological Sciences ARTICLE INFO Open Access Date Received: 02/05/2020; Date Revised: 20/08/2020; Dog Coat Colour Genetics: A Review Date Published Online: 31/08/2020; 1,2 1 1 3 Rashid Saif *, Ali Iftekhar , Fatima Asif , Mohammad Suliman Alghanem Authors’ Affiliation: 1. Institute of Abstract Biotechnology, Gulab Devi Educational anis lupus familiaris is one of the most beloved pet species with hundreds of world-wide recognized Complex, Lahore - Pakistan breeds, which can be differentiated from each other by specific morphological, behavioral and adoptive 2. Decode Genomics, traits. Morphological characteristics of dog breeds get more attention which can be defined mostly by 323-D, Town II, coat color and its texture, and considered to be incredibly lucrative traits in this valued species. Although Punjab University C Employees Housing the genetic foundation of coat color has been well stated in the literature, but still very little is known about the Scheme, Lahore - growth pattern, hair length and curly coat trait genes. Skin pigmentation is determined by eumelanin and Pakistan 3. Department of pheomelanin switching phenomenon which is under the control of Melanocortin 1 Receptor and Agouti Signaling Biology, Tabuk Protein genes. Genetic variations in the genes involved in pigmentation pathway provide basic understanding of University - Kingdom melanocortin physiology and evolutionary adaptation of this trait. So in this review, we highlighted, gathered and of Saudi Arabia comprehend the genetic mutations, associated and likely to be associated variants in the genes involved in the coat color and texture trait along with their phenotypes. -
The Role of GPNMB in Inflammation
REVIEW published: 12 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674739 The Role of GPNMB in Inflammation Marina Saade, Giovanna Araujo de Souza, Cristoforo Scavone and Paula Fernanda Kinoshita* Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Inflammation is a response to a lesion in the tissue or infection. This process occurs in a specific manner in the central nervous system and is called neuroinflammation, which is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. GPNMB, an endogenous glycoprotein, has been recently related to inflammation and neuroinflammation. GPNMB is highly expressed in macrophages and microglia, which are cells involved with innate immune response in the periphery and the brain, respectively. Some studies have shown increased levels of GPNMB in pro-inflammatory conditions, such as LPS treatment, and in pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the role of GPNMB in inflammation is still not clear. Even though most studies suggest that GPNMB might have an anti-inflammatory role by promoting inflammation resolution, there is evidence that GPNMB could be pro-inflammatory. In this review, we gather and Edited by: discuss the published evidence regarding this interaction. James Harris, Monash University, Australia Keywords: GPNMB, inflammation, neuroinflammation, macrophages, cancer, protection Reviewed by: Michelle Coleman, Seattle Children's Research Institute, United States INFLAMMATION James Vince, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Inflammation is a complex response to microbial infections or tissue damage involving interactions Medical Research, Australia between soluble molecules and cellular effectors to restore homeostasis (1–3). Tissue-resident *Correspondence: macrophages and mast cells are relevant to an efficient and rapid immune response that prevents the Paula Fernanda Kinoshita infection from spreading and/or tissue damage. -
BACE1 Inhibitor Drugs in Clinical Trials for Alzheimer's Disease
Vassar Alzheimer's Research & Therapy (2014) 6:89 DOI 10.1186/s13195-014-0089-7 REVIEW BACE1 inhibitor drugs in clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease Robert Vassar Abstract β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the β-secretase enzyme required for the production of the neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide that is widely considered to have a crucial early role in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a result, BACE1 has emerged as a prime drug target for reducing the levels of Aβ in the AD brain, and the development of BACE1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents is being vigorously pursued. It has proven difficult for the pharmaceutical industry to design BACE1 inhibitor drugs that pass the blood–brain barrier, however this challenge has recently been met and BACE1 inhibitors are now in human clinical trials to test for safety and efficacy in AD patients and individuals with pre-symptomatic AD. Initial results suggest that some of these BACE1 inhibitor drugs are well tolerated, although others have dropped out because of toxicity and it is still too early to know whether any will be effective for the prevention or treatment of AD. Additionally, based on newly identified BACE1 substrates and phenotypes of mice that lack BACE1, concerns have emerged about potential mechanism-based side effects of BACE1 inhibitor drugs with chronic administration. It is hoped that a therapeutic window can be achieved that balances safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the current state of progress in the development of BACE1 inhibitor drugs and the evaluation of their therapeutic potential for AD. -
Amyloid Aggregates Accumulate in Melanoma Metastasis Driving YAP
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.10.941906; this version posted February 11, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Amyloid aggregates accumulate in melanoma metastasis driving YAP mediated tumor progression Vittoria Matafora1, Francesco Farris1, Umberto Restuccia1, 4, Simone Tamburri1,5, Giuseppe Martano1, Clara Bernardelli1,6, Federica Pisati1,2, Francesca Casagrande1, Luca Lazzari1, Silvia Marsoni1, Emanuela Bonoldi 3 and Angela Bachi1* 1IFOM- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy. 2 Cogentech SRL Benefit Corporation, 20139 Milan, Italy. 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy. 4 present address: ADIENNE Pharma & Biotech, 20867 Caponago (MB) – Italy. 5 present address: IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy. 6 present address: Fondazione Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy. * Corresponding author: Angela Bachi IFOM- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy Phone: +3902574303873 Mail: [email protected] Running Title: Amyloids activate YAP in melanoma Keywords: amyloid; BACE; drug sensitivity; mechanosignalling; metastasis. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.10.941906; this version posted February 11, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Melanoma progression is generally associated to increased Yes-associated protein (YAP) mediated transcription. Actually, mechanical signals from the extracellular matrix are sensed by YAP, which activates proliferative genes expression, promoting melanoma progression and drug resistance. -
Microarray Analysis of Novel Genes Involved in HSV- 2 Infection
Microarray analysis of novel genes involved in HSV- 2 infection Hao Zhang Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Tao Liu ( [email protected] ) Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-2995 Research Article Keywords: HSV-2 infection,Microarray analysis,Histospecic gene expression Posted Date: May 12th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-517057/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/19 Abstract Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 infects the body and becomes an incurable and recurring disease. The pathogenesis of HSV-2 infection is not completely clear. Methods: We analyze the GSE18527 dataset in the GEO database in this paper to obtain distinctively displayed genes(DDGs)in the total sequential RNA of the biopsies of normal and lesioned skin groups, healed skin and lesioned skin groups of genital herpes patients, respectively.The related data of 3 cases of normal skin group, 4 cases of lesioned group and 6 cases of healed group were analyzed.The histospecic gene analysis , functional enrichment and protein interaction network analysis of the differential genes were also performed, and the critical components were selected. Results: 40 up-regulated genes and 43 down-regulated genes were isolated by differential performance assay. Histospecic gene analysis of DDGs suggested that the most abundant system for gene expression was the skin, immune system and the nervous system.Through the construction of core gene combinations, protein interaction network analysis and selection of histospecic distribution genes, 17 associated genes were selected CXCL10,MX1,ISG15,IFIT1,IFIT3,IFIT2,OASL,ISG20,RSAD2,GBP1,IFI44L,DDX58,USP18,CXCL11,GBP5,GBP4 and CXCL9.The above genes are mainly located in the skin, immune system, nervous system and reproductive system. -
A Phase II Study of Glembatumumab Vedotin for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma
cancers Article A Phase II Study of Glembatumumab Vedotin for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma 1, 2, 3 4 Merve Hasanov y , Matthew J. Rioth y, Kari Kendra , Leonel Hernandez-Aya , Richard W. Joseph 5, Stephen Williamson 6 , Sunandana Chandra 7, Keisuke Shirai 8, Christopher D. Turner 9, Karl Lewis 2, Elizabeth Crowley 10, Jeffrey Moscow 11, Brett Carter 12 and Sapna Patel 1,* 1 Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; [email protected] 2 Division of Medical Oncology and Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; [email protected] (M.J.R.); [email protected] (K.L.) 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; [email protected] 4 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.; [email protected] 5 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; [email protected] 6 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; [email protected] 7 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; [email protected] 8 Division of Hematology -
Development and Validation of a Protein-Based Risk Score for Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease
Supplementary Online Content Ganz P, Heidecker B, Hveem K, et al. Development and validation of a protein-based risk score for cardiovascular outcomes among patients with stable coronary heart disease. JAMA. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.5951 eTable 1. List of 1130 Proteins Measured by Somalogic’s Modified Aptamer-Based Proteomic Assay eTable 2. Coefficients for Weibull Recalibration Model Applied to 9-Protein Model eFigure 1. Median Protein Levels in Derivation and Validation Cohort eTable 3. Coefficients for the Recalibration Model Applied to Refit Framingham eFigure 2. Calibration Plots for the Refit Framingham Model eTable 4. List of 200 Proteins Associated With the Risk of MI, Stroke, Heart Failure, and Death eFigure 3. Hazard Ratios of Lasso Selected Proteins for Primary End Point of MI, Stroke, Heart Failure, and Death eFigure 4. 9-Protein Prognostic Model Hazard Ratios Adjusted for Framingham Variables eFigure 5. 9-Protein Risk Scores by Event Type This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 10/02/2021 Supplemental Material Table of Contents 1 Study Design and Data Processing ......................................................................................................... 3 2 Table of 1130 Proteins Measured .......................................................................................................... 4 3 Variable Selection and Statistical Modeling ........................................................................................ -
Identification of the Regions of the Bovine Genome
IDENTIFICATION OF THE REGIONS OF THE BOVINE GENOME ASSOCIATED WITH GRAY COAT COLOR IN A NELLORE–ANGUS CROSS POPULATION A Thesis by PAUL WESLEY HOLLAND Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, David G. Riley Committee Members, James O. Sanders Clare A. Gill Andy. D. Herring Head of Department, H. Russell Cross May 2015 Major Subject: Animal Breeding Copyright 2015 Paul Wesley Holland ABSTRACT The genetics of coat color for cattle are important to breeders and breed associations because phenotypes of these animals are used for breed recognition and premiums or discounts can be given due to the phenotypes. The gene for gray coat color has been determined in other species, but not in cattle. Gray in cattle is known to be recessive based upon observed inheritance. The objective of this study was to identify the regions of the bovine genome associated with gray coat color in a population of Nellore-Angus crossbred cattle. Additionally, proportions of each color and spotting were of interest. Animals (n = 1941) were classified into phenotypic color categories (i.e. red, black, gray, etc.). Proportions of each color group out of the population were determined, and the proportion of those phenotypes that have any form of spotting. Two genome-wide association analyses were conducted, one where phenotypically gray vs. not gray cattle were analyzed and another where cattle that were very light in color but had a reddish tinge were included as gray. -
CR011, a Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody-Auristatin E Conjugate, for the Treatment of Melanoma Kam Fai Tse,1 Michael Jeffers,1 Vincent A
Cancer Therapy: Preclinical CR011, a Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody-Auristatin E Conjugate, for the Treatment of Melanoma Kam Fai Tse,1 Michael Jeffers,1 Vincent A. Pollack,1 Denise A. McCabe,1 Melanie L. Shadish,1 Nikolai V. Khramtsov,1Craig S. Hackett,1Suresh G. Shenoy,1Bing Kuang,1Ferenc L. Boldog,1 John R. MacDougall,1Luca Rastelli,1John Herrmann,1Michael Gallo,2 Gadi Gazit-Bornstein,2 Peter D. Senter,3 Damon L. Meyer,3 Henri S. Lichenstein,1and William J. LaRochelle1 Abstract Purpose: Advanced melanoma is a highly drug-refractory neoplasm representing a significant unmet medical need. We sought to identify melanoma-associated cell surface molecules and to develop as well as preclinically test immunotherapeutic reagents designed to exploit such targets. Experimental Design and Results: By transcript profiling, we identified glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) as a gene that is expressed by most metastatic melanoma samples examined. GPNMB is predicted to be a transmembrane protein, thus making it a potential immunotherapeutic target in the treatment of this disease. A fully human monoclonal antibody, designated CR011, was generated to the extracellular domain of GPNMB and characterized for growth-inhibitory activity against melanoma. The CR011monoclonal antibody showed surface staining of most melanoma cell lines by flow cytometry and reacted with a majority of metastatic melanoma specimens by immunohistochemistry. CR011alone did not inhibit the growth of melanoma cells. However, when linked to the cytotoxic agent monomethylauristatin E (MMAE) to generate the CR011-vcMMAE antibody-drug conjugate, this reagent now potently and specifically inhibited the growth of GPNMB-positive melanoma cellsin vitro. Ectopic overexpression and small interfering RNA trans- fection studies showed that GPNMB expression is both necessary and sufficient for sensitivity to low concentrations of CR011-vcMMAE. -
Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: State-Of-The-Art and Future Perspectives
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives Stefania Cocco , Michela Piezzo , Alessandra Calabrese, Daniela Cianniello, Roberta Caputo, Vincenzo Di Lauro, Giuseppina Fusco, Germira di Gioia, Marina Licenziato and Michelino de Laurentiis * Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131 Napoli NA, Italy; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (V.D.L.); [email protected] (G.F.); [email protected] (G.d.G.); [email protected] (M.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-081-5903-535 Received: 31 May 2020; Accepted: 25 June 2020; Published: 27 June 2020 Abstract: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by aggressive behavior, high risk of distant recurrence, and poor survival. Chemotherapy is still the main therapeutic approach for this subgroup of patients, therefore, progress in the treatment of TNBC remains an important challenge. Data derived from molecular technologies have identified TNBCs with different gene expression and mutation profiles that may help developing targeted therapies. So far, however, only a few of these have shown to improve the prognosis and outcomes of TNBC patients. Robust predictive biomarkers to accelerate clinical progress are needed. Herein, we review prognostic and predictive biomarkers in TNBC, discuss the current evidence supporting their use, and look at the future of this research field. Keywords: TNBC; BRCA1/2; HRR; PDL1; TILs; PI3KCA; PTEN; CTCs; CSC 1. -
The Transcription Factor MITF Is a Critical Regulator of GPNMB
Gutknecht et al. Cell Communication and Signaling (2015) 13:19 DOI 10.1186/s12964-015-0099-5 RESEARCH Open Access The transcription factor MITF is a critical regulator of GPNMB expression in dendritic cells Michael Gutknecht, Julian Geiger, Simone Joas, Daniela Dörfel, Helmut R Salih, Martin R Müller, Frank Grünebach* and Susanne M Rittig Abstract Background: Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) with the unique ability to activate naïve T cells and to initiate and maintain primary immune responses. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory stimuli on DC such as the cytokine IL-10 suppress the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB what results in downregulation of costimulatory molecules, MHC and cytokine production. Glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) is a transmembrane protein, which acts as a coinhibitory molecule strongly inhibiting T cell responses if present on APC. Interestingly, its expression on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) is dramatically upregulated upon treatment with IL-10 but also by the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) imatinib, nilotinib or dasatinib used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for GPNMB overexpression are yet unknown. Results: The immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 and the BCR-ABL TKI imatinib or nilotinib, that were examined here, concordantly inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby activating the downstream serine/threonine protein kinase GSK3ß, and subsequently the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) that is phosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus. Treatment of moDC with a small molecule inhibitor of MITF activity reduced the expression of GPNMB at the level of mRNA and protein, indicating that GPNMB expression is in fact facilitated by MITF activation. -
The Complex Relationship Between MITF and the Immune System: a Melanoma Immunotherapy (Response) Factor? Robert Ballotti, Yann Cheli, Corine Bertolotto
The complex relationship between MITF and the immune system: a Melanoma ImmunoTherapy (response) Factor? Robert Ballotti, Yann Cheli, Corine Bertolotto To cite this version: Robert Ballotti, Yann Cheli, Corine Bertolotto. The complex relationship between MITF and the im- mune system: a Melanoma ImmunoTherapy (response) Factor?. Molecular Cancer, BioMed Central, 2020, 19 (1), pp.170. 10.1186/s12943-020-01290-7. inserm-03138744 HAL Id: inserm-03138744 https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-03138744 Submitted on 11 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ballotti et al. Molecular Cancer (2020) 19:170 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-020-01290-7 REVIEW Open Access The complex relationship between MITF and the immune system: a Melanoma ImmunoTherapy (response) Factor? Robert Ballotti1,2, Yann Cheli1,2 and Corine Bertolotto1,2* Abstract The clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitory therapy (ICT) in advanced melanomas is limited by primary and acquired resistance. The molecular determinants of the resistance have been extensively studied, but these discoveries have not yet been translated into therapeutic benefits. As such, a paradigm shift in melanoma treatment, to surmount the therapeutic impasses linked to the resistance, is an important ongoing challenge.