DOCSLIB.ORG

The-Journal-Of-Gemmology-347-2015--LR-FINAL.Pdf (Gem-A.Com)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The-Journal-Of-Gemmology-347-2015--LR-FINAL.Pdf (Gem-A.Com) GemmologyThe Journal of 2015 / Volume 34 / No. 7 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Gem-A Conference 21–22 November 2015 The 2015 Gem-A Conference will be held at the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in Marylebone, London. Incorporating the 18th Symposium of the Federation for European Education in Gemmology (FEEG), this year’s Conference promises to be bigger and better than ever, with a host of world-class speakers delivering talks on a wide range of topics, as well as exclusive events and hands-on workshops. Visit www.gem-a.com for the full programme or email the Events team at [email protected] to book your place. Join us. The Gemmological Association of Great Britain, 21 Ely Place, London, EC1N 6TD, UK. T: +44 (0) 20 7404 3334 F: +44 (0) 20 7404 8843. Registered charity no. 1109555. A company limited by guarantee and registered in England No. 1945780. Registered Office: 3rd Floor, 1-4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD. Conference A4 09-2015.indd 1 15/09/2015 17:20:43 Contents GemmologyThe Journal of 2015 / Volume 34 / No. 7 COLUMNS p. 618 557 What’s New B&W Tek GemRam Mini| OGI DiaPix|Bursztynisko amber newsletter and Baltic p. 585 amber classification|GTL newsletter|Gems & Gemology cumulative PDF|GIT lab update|ICA Congress and World Diamond Conference presentations|U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service ivory regu- lations|Margaritologia pearl newsletter|Perettiite-(Y), a new mineral|Reports on rough octahedral synthetic diamonds, rubies from Madagascar, and synthetic ruby overgrowth ARTICLES on corundum|Publications by Silver Institute and World Feature Articles Gold Council|Gem Museum in Singapore 580 European Freshwater Pearls: Part 1—Russia By Elisabeth Strack 562 Gem Notes Buchite from the Eifel 594 Type Ib Yellow to Brownish Yellow CVD Synthetic Mountains, Germany|Fluorite Diamonds Seen at CGL from Myanmar|Malachite- By Hiroshi Kitawaki, Mio Hisanaga, Masahiro Yamamoto azurite from Peru|Mosandrite and Kentaro Emori from Russia|Shattuckite briolette|Saguaro Stone from 606 Burmese Amber from Hti Lin Arizona, USA|Red tourmaline from Nigeria|Tremolite By Tay Thye Sun, Aruˉnas Kleišmantas, Thet Tin Nyunt, from Tanzania|Diamond Zheng Minrui, Murali Krishnaswamy and Loke Hui Ying carving|Gastropod shell beads in a coral necklace|Barium- Gemmological Brief glass-filled ruby|Diffusion- induced colour and asterism in 616 The Application of Differential Interference Contrast sapphire|Gems Emporium in Microscopy to Gemmology Myanmar By Nathan Renfro 622 Conferences International Gemmological Conference|Mediterranean Gemmological Cover Photo: This jewellery suite and Jewellery Conference|Society of Geology Applied to Mineral features red tourmaline Deposits meeting from Nigeria that was all cut from the same piece of rough (1.20–9.07 ct; 629 Gem-A Notices 99.19 carats total weight); see Gem Note on p. 569. Courtesy of Barker & Co., 633 Learning Opportunities Scottsdale, Arizona; photo by Jeff Scovil. 637 New Media 642 Literature of Interest The Journal is published by Gem-A in collaboration with SSEF and with the support of AGL and GIT. ISSN: 1355-4565, http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2015.34.7 i The Journal of emmology G THE GEMMOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN Editor-in-Chief Production Editor Marketing Consultant Brendan M. Laurs Mary A. Burland Ya’akov Almor [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 21 Ely Place London EC1N 6TD Editor Emeritus Assistant Editor UK Roger R. Harding Michael J. O’Donoghue t: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 Associate Editors f: +44 (0)20 7404 8843 Edward Boehm, RareSource, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA; Alan T. Collins, King’s e: [email protected] College London; John L. Emmett, Crystal Chemistry, Brush Prairie, Washington, USA; w: www.gem-a.com Emmanuel Fritsch, University of Nantes, France; Rui Galopim de Carvalho, Portugal Registered Charity No. 1109555 Gemas, Lisbon, Portugal; Lee A. Groat, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Registered office: Palladium House, Canada; Thomas Hainschwang, GGTL Laboratories, Balzers, Liechtenstein; Henry 1–4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD A. Hänni, GemExpert, Basel, Switzerland; Jeff W. Harris, University of Glasgow; Alan D. Hart, The Natural History Museum, London; Ulrich Henn, German Gemmological Association, Idar-Oberstein; Jaroslav Hyršl, Prague, Czech Republic; Brian Jackson, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh; Stefanos Karampelas, Basel, Switzerland; Lore Kiefert, Gübelin Gem Lab Ltd., Lucerne, Switzerland; Hiroshi Kitawaki, Central Gem Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan; Michael S. Krzemnicki, Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF, President Basel; Shane F. McClure, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Jack Harry Levy M. Ogden, Striptwist Ltd., London; Federico Pezzotta, Natural History Museum of Milan, Vice Presidents Italy; Jeffrey E. Post, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; Andrew H. Rankin, David J. Callaghan, Alan T. Collins, Kingston University, Surrey; George R. Rossman, California Institute of Technology, Noel W. Deeks, E. Alan Jobbins, Pasadena, USA; Karl Schmetzer, Petershausen, Germany; Dietmar Schwarz, AIGS Lab Co. Michael J. O’Donoghue, Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand; Menahem Sevdermish, GemeWizard Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel; Andrew H. Rankin Guanghai Shi, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; James E. Shigley, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Christopher P. Smith, American Gemological Honorary Fellows Laboratories Inc., New York, New York; Evelyne Stern, London; Elisabeth Strack, Gaetano Cavalieri, Terrence Gemmologisches Institut Hamburg, Germany; Tay Thye Sun, Far East Gemological S. Coldham, Emmanuel Fritsch Laboratory, Singapore; Pornsawat Wathanakul, Gem and Jewelry Institute of Thailand, Bangkok; Chris M. Welbourn, Reading, Berkshire; Joanna Whalley, Victoria and Albert Honorary Diamond Member Museum, London; Bert Willems, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany; Bear Williams, Martin Rapaport Stone Group Laboratories LLC, Jefferson City, Missouri, USA; J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan, National Museum of Natural History ‘Naturalis’, Leiden, The Netherlands. Honorary Life Members Anthony J. Allnutt, Hermann Bank, Content Submission Mary A. Burland, Terence M.J. The Editor-in-Chief is glad to consider original articles, news items, conference/excursion Davidson, Peter R. Dwyer-Hickey, reports, announcements and calendar entries on subjects of gemmological interest for Gwyn M. Green, Roger R. Harding, publication in The Journal of Gemmology. A guide to the preparation of manuscripts John S. Harris, J. Alan W. Hodgkinson, is given at www.gem-a.com/publications/journal-of-gemmology.aspx, or contact the John I. Koivula, Jack M. Ogden, Production Editor. C.M. (Mimi) Ou Yang, Evelyne Stern, Ian Thomson, Vivian P. Watson, Subscriptions Colin H. Winter Gem-A members receive The Journal as part of their membership package, full details of which are given at www.gem-a.com/membership.aspx. Laboratories, libraries, museums Council and similar institutions may become Direct Subscribers to The Journal (see www.gem-a. Nigel B. Israel – Chairman com/publications/subscribe.aspx). Kathryn L. Bonanno, Mary A. Burland, Justine L. Carmody, Paul F. Greer, Advertising Kerry H. Gregory, Alan D. Hart, Enquiries about advertising in The Journal should be directed to the Marketing Consultant. J. Alan W. Hodgkinson, Jack M. For more information, see www.gem-a.com/publications/journal-of-gemmology/advertising- Ogden, Richard M. Slater, Christopher in-the-journal.aspx. P. Smith, Miranda E.J. Wells Copyright and Reprint Permission Branch Chairmen Abstracting with credit to the source, photocopying isolated articles for noncommercial Midlands – Georgina E. Kettle classroom use, and photocopying by libraries for private use of patrons, are permitted. North East – Mark W. Houghton Requests to use images published in The Journal should be directed to the Editor-in- South East – Veronica Wetten Chief. Give the complete reference citation and the page number for the image(s) in South West – Richard M. Slater question, and please state how and where the image would be used. The Journal of Gemmology is published quarterly by Gem-A, The Gemmological Association of Great Britain. Any opinions expressed in The Journal are understood to be the views of the contributors and not necessarily of the publisher. Printed by DG3 (Europe) Ltd. ™ © 2015 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Understanding Gems Cert no. TT-COC-002454 ISSN: 1355-4565 ii The Journal of Gemmology, 34(7), 2015 What’s New What’s New INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES B&W Tek GemRam Mini for >5 hrs of continuous operation. For more in- In mid-2015, B&W Tek launched the GemRam formation on handheld and portable Raman spec- Mini handheld Raman spectrometer containing a trometers from B&W Tek, visit http://bwtek.com/ spectral library of nearly 400 gem species that was technology/raman. assembled by Prof. Dr Henry A. Hänni (Gem- Expert, Basel, Switzer- OGI DiaPix land). Measuring 19 × In January 2015, OGI 10 × 5 cm and weigh- Systems launched DiaPix, ing 0.9 kg, the instru- a technology for capturing ment utilizes a touch high-definition images of screen interface, a 785 diamonds, coloured stones nm diode laser and a and jewellery. Users can high-resolution spec- produce videos showing trometer. Raman data 360° views of an object, from the instrument which can be uploaded can be synchronized to to corporate websites, a PC-based database via Wi-Fi or Ethernet to per- social networking sites and trade platforms. The form additional data analysis. It may be powered
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mother's Day Mailer
    For You, Mom KENDRA SCOTT Elisa Necklace in White Howlite/Silver $60 | Cynthia Pendant Necklace in White Howlite/Silver $68 Reid Pendant Necklace in White Howlite/Silver $88 | Elle Earrings in White Howlite/Silver $65 2 Cynthia Cuff Bracelet in Silver White Mix $78 KENDRA SCOTT Elisa Necklace in White Howlite/Silver $60 | Cynthia Pendant Necklace in White Howlite/Silver $68 Reid Pendant Necklace in White Howlite/Silver $88 | Elle Earrings in White Howlite/Silver $65 TORY BURCH Cynthia Cuff Bracelet in Silver White Mix $78 Kira Chevron Small Camera Bag in Limone, Pink City and Bluewood $358 3 KATE SPADE NEW YORK Augusta Bilayer Square Polarized Sunglasses in Black/Pink $180 Lillian Filigree Temple Round Sunglasses in Crystal/Beige $160 Britton Metal Arm Square Polarized Sunglasses in 4 Brown/Blue Havana $180 CLOTH & STONE Flutter Sleeve Striped Tank in Multi $68 JOE’S JEANS The Scout Mid Rise Slim Tomboy Crop Jeans $178 BIRKENSTOCK Women’s Arizona Birko-Flor® Sandal in White $100 BONNIE JEAN Knit to Chambray Romper in Blue $36 BIRKENSTOCK Kid’s Arizona Soft Footbed Sandal in White $60 5 Just for Mommy & Me HAMMITT Hunter Backpack in Pewter $325 Hunter Mini Backpack in Pewter $195 CECELIA Sunbeam Wooden Earrings $28 Ginkgo Seed Drop Wooden Earrings $28 Chevron Triangle Wooden Earrings $28 Sunburst Tiered Wooden Earrings $28 Pomegranate Rectangular Wooden Earrings $28 6 Just for Mommy & Me CARA Open Raffia Hoop Earrings in Sage $26 | Mini Tassel Teardrop Earrings in Sage $26 Woven Hoop Earrings in Light Grey $26 | Woven Raffia Hoop Earrings
    [Show full text]
  • 10-11-Cat.Pdf
    “The birth of a Pearl is a wondrous event. A particle of sand, piece of a shell, or foreign object drifts into the Oyster’s body and the oyster begins to secrete layers of nacre (Mother-of-Pearl) around the irritant. Over time, the layers transform into a glowing one-of-a-kind Pearl. Pearls have taught me about gratitude and nature’s wisdom. How many of us are able to take a challenge, as Oysters do, and find the gift in it? It isn’t always easy to find the positive in the hardships we endure, but in time beauty is often revealed. When we assimilate what we have learned from the difficulties we have overcome, we can then celebrate them as blessings and continue to grow. Every woman deserves to feel beautiful. Pearls can help us feel beautiful on the outside, while we practice embracing the challenges on the inside.” I’d like to share our Treasured Gems with you: Gem #1: Everything happens to us for a reason, from which I can learn and grow. Gem #2: Trusting my intuition and a power greater then myself provides the best guidance. Gem #3: All I have is today. Let me make today a fully alive day. Gem #4: I will take full responsibility for my choices and not feel responsible about the choice of others. Gem #5: I will not hurt others, instead I will use compassion and always use respect. Gem #6: When I treat myself as a priority, I am better able to deal with life’s challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix – D Model Villages with Rice Husk Gas Engine
    APPENDIX – D MODEL VILLAGES WITH RICE HUSK GAS ENGINE APPENDIX D-1 Project Examples 1 (1/3) Development Plan Appendix D-1 Project Examples 1: Rice Husk Gas Engine Electrification in Younetalin Village Plans were prepared to electrify villages with rice husk gas engine in Ayeyarwaddi Division headed by Area Commander. Younetalin Village was the first to be electrified in accordance with the plans. The scheme at Younetalin village was completed quite quickly. It was conceived in January 2001 and the committee was formed then. The scheme commenced operation on 15 2001 April and therefore took barely 3 months to arrange the funding and building. The project feature is as follows (as of Nov 2002): Nippon Koei / IEEJ The Study on Introduction of Renewable Energies Volume 5 in Rural Areas in Myanmar Development Plans APPENDIX D-1 Project Examples 1 (2/3) Basic Village Feature Household 1,100 households Industry and product 6 rice mills, BCS, Video/Karaoke Shops Paddy (Cultivation field is 250 ares), fruits processing, rice noodle processing) Public facilities Primary school, monastery, state high school, etc. Project Cost and Fund Capital cost K9,600,000 (K580,000 for engine and generator, K3,800,000 for distribution lines) Collection of fund From K20,000 up to K40,000 was collected according to the financial condition of each house. Difference between the amount raised by the villagers and the capital cost of was K4,000,000. It was covered by loan from the Area Commander of the Division with 2 % interest per month. Unit and Fuel Spec of unit Engine :140 hp, Hino 12 cylinder diesel engine Generator : 135 kVA Model : RH-14 Rice husk ¾ 12 baskets per hour is consumed consumption ¾ 6 rice mills powered by diesel generator.
    [Show full text]
  • Analytical Methods to Differentiate Romanian Amber and Baltic Amber for Archaeological Applications
    Cent. Eur. J. Chem. • 7(3) • 2009 • 560-568 DOI: 10.2478/s11532-009-0053-8 Central European Journal of Chemistry Analytical methods to differentiate Romanian amber and Baltic amber for archaeological applications Research Article Eugenia D. Teodor1*, Simona C. Liţescu1, Antonela Neacşu2, Georgiana Truică1 Camelia Albu1 1 National Institute for Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, Bucharest, 060031, Romania 2 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Bucharest, 010041, Romania Received 27 August 2008; Accepted 02 March 2009 Abstract: The study aims to establish several definite criteria which will differentiate Romanian amber and Baltic amber to certify the local or Baltic origin of the materials found in archaeological sites on the Romanian territory, by using light microscopy and performing analytical methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-variable angle reflectance and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Experiments especially by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, were applied to a wide range of samples with controlled origin. The methods were optimised and resulted in premises to apply the techniques to analysis of the archaeological material. Keywords: Romanian amber • FTIR-VAR • LC-MS • Light microscopy © Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 1. Introduction (Oligocene). The resin-bearing strata are intercalated within the lower and medium part of the lower Kliwa Amber is a fossil resin originating from different types sandstone (0.20-1.40 m). They consist of siliceous clay of Conifers and certain flowering trees, especially in hot (0.20-1.40 m) always containing thin intercalations of climates. From the mineralogical point of view amber bituminous shales (2-5 cm) and of preanthracite coal could be considered a mineraloid.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 1993 Gems & Gemology
    THEQLARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE CEMOLO(;I(;ALIUTITUTF: OF AMERICA rI WINTERGEMS&GEMOLOGY 1993 VOLUME 29 No. 4 TABL OF CONTENTS Letters FEATURE ARTICLES The Gemological Properties of Russian Gem-Quality Synthetic Yellow Diamonds James E. Shigley, Emmanuel Fritsch, John I. Koivula, Nikolai V. Sobolev, Igor Y. Malinovsky, and Yuri N.Pal'yanov Heat Treating the Sapphires of Rock Creek, Montana John L. Emmett and Troy R. Douthit NOTES AND NEW TECHNIQUES Garnets from Altay, China Fuquan Wang and Yan Liti REGULAR FEATURES Gem Trade Lab Notes Gem News Book Reviews Gemological Abstracts Annual Index ABOUT THE COVER: Diamonds represent the vast majority of gems sold world- wide. Colored diamonds are among the most valuable commodities of modern times. This brooch, designed by A. Shinde, contains fine yellow, pink, and colorless diamonds, as well as an 8.00-ct natural-color green diamond as the center stone. A pressing concern in the gem trade is the recent commercial introduction ofgem- quality synthetic yellow diamonds manufactured in Russia. The lead article in this issue examines several of these Russian synthetic diamonds and provides criteria by which they can be separated from their natural counterparts. Brooch courtesy of Harry Winston, Inc. Photo by Michael Oldford Typesetting for Gems &Gemology is by Gruphix Express, Santa Monica, CA. Color separations are by Effective Graphics, Compton, CA. Printing is by Cadmus journal Services, lnc., Easton, MD. 0 1994 Gemological Institute of America All rights reserved ISSN 0016-626X EDITORIAL Editor-in-Chief Editor Contributing Editor STAFF Richard T. Liddicoat Alice S. Keller fohn I. Koivula 1660 Stewart St.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Report Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59 (4): 927–929, 2014
    Brief report Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59 (4): 927–929, 2014 Estimating fossil ant species richness in Eocene Baltic amber DAVID PENNEY and RICHARD F. PREZIOSI Fossil insects in amber are often preserved with life-like fidel- (Wichard and Grevin 2009), has approximately 3500 species of ity and provide a unique insight to forest ecosystems of the arthropods described from it (Weitschat and Wichard 2010), and geological past. Baltic amber has been studied for more than is still being extracted from the ground in considerable quanti- 300 years but despite the large number of described fossil ties. For example, it has been estimated that approximately 510 species (ca. 3500 arthropods) and abundance of fossil mate- tonnes of amber were extracted in the Baltic region during the rial, few attempts have been made to try and quantify sta- year 2000 and that approximately two million (a very crude tistically how well we understand the palaeodiversity of this estimate) new inclusions from Baltic amber alone should be remarkable Fossil-Lagerstätte. Indeed, diversity estimation available for study each year (e.g., Clark 2010). Indeed, Klebs is a relatively immature field in palaeontology. Ants (Hyme- recognized the need for quantifying the palaeodiversity of am- noptera: Formicidae) are a common component of the amber ber inclusions at the turn of the twentieth century (Klebs 1910). palaeobiota, with more than 100 described species represent- Klebs (1910) investigated an unsorted Baltic amber sam- ing approximately 5% of all inclusions encountered. Here ple of 200 kg directly from the mine and documented a total we apply quantitative statistical species richness estimation of 13 877 inclusions, but these were identified only to order.
    [Show full text]
  • Turquoise and Variscite by Dean Sakabe MEETING Wednesday
    JANUARY 2015 - VOLUME 50, ISSUE 1 Meeting Times Turquoise and Variscite By Dean Sakabe MEETING We are starting the year off with Tur- Wednesday quoise and Variscite. January 28, 2015 Turquoise is a copper aluminum phosphate, whose name originated in 6:15-8:00 pm medieval Europe. What happened was Makiki District Park that traders from Turkey introduced the blue-green gemstone obtained Admin Building from Persia (the present day Iran) to Turquoise (Stabilized), Europeans. Who in turn associated Chihuahua, Mexico NEXT MONTH this stone with the Turkish traders, Tucson Gem & rather than the land of the stones origin. Hence they called this stone Mineral Show “Turceis” or, later in French “turquois.” Over time english speakers adopted this French word, but adding an “e” (Turquiose). The Spanish called this stone “Turquesa”. LAPIDARY The gemstone grade of Turquoise has a hardness of around 6, however Every Thursday the vast majority of turquoise falls in the softer 3–5 range. With the 6:30-8:30pm exception being the Turquoise from Cripple Creek, Colorado which is in the 7-8 range. Turquoise occurs in range of hues from sky blue to grey Makiki District Park -green. It is also found in arid places that has a high concentration of 2nd floor Arts and copper in the soil. The blue color is created by copper and the green Crafts Bldg by bivalent iron, with a little amount of chrome. Turquoise often, has veins or blotches running MEMBERSHIP through it, most often brown, but can be light gray or black DUE COSTS 2015 depending on where it was Single: $10.00 found.
    [Show full text]
  • Natures Gift Re-Order Form 2021
    Natures Gift CUSTOMER NAME & ADDRESS: Re-Order Form 2021 ………………………………………………......................…… UNIT 2, BAILEY GATE INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, ……………...………………...……………………....………...… STURMINSTER MARSHALL, WIMBORNE, DORSET, UK BH21 4DB DATE: ……....………... TEL NO: ………....…............……… E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.britishfossils.co.uk TEL: 01258 857035 FAX: 01258 857093 DATE REQUIRED …………........…ORDER NO...........…… CODE MIN PRICE QTY CODE MIN PRICE QTY QTY EACH REQD QTY EACH REQD Heart Necklaces Stud Earrings NGNAM Amethyst 5 1.40 NGSEAM Amethyst 5 1.40 NGNAV Aventurine 5 1.40 NGSEAV Aventurine 5 1.40 NGNBO Black Onyx 5 1.40 NGSEBO Black Onyx 5 1.40 NGNCA Carnelian 5 1.40 NGSECA Carnelian 5 1.40 NGNFL Fluorite 5 1.40 NGSEFL Fluorite 5 1.40 NGNTE Gold Tiger Eye 5 1.40 NGSETE Gold Tiger Eye 5 1.40 NGNHE Hematite 5 1.40 NGSEHE Hematite 5 1.40 NGNHO Howlite 5 1.40 NGSEHO Howlite 5 1.40 NGNOP Opalite 5 1.40 NGSEOP Opalite 5 1.40 NGNQZ Quartz 5 1.40 NGSEQZ Quartz 5 1.40 NGNRQ Rose Quartz 5 1.40 NGSERQ Rose Quartz 5 1.40 NGNSO Sodalite 5 1.40 NGSESO Sodalite 5 1.40 Gemchip Bracelets Bead Bracelets NGBAM Amethyst 5 1.40 NGWBAM Amethyst 5 1.40 NGBAV Aventurine 5 1.40 NGWBAV Aventurine 5 1.40 NGBBO Black Onyx 5 1.40 NGWBBO Black Onyx 5 1.40 NGBCA Carnelian 5 1.40 NGWBCA Carnelian 5 1.40 NGBFL Fluorite 5 1.40 NGWBFL Fluorite 5 1.40 NGBTE Gold Tiger Eye 5 1.40 NGWBTE Gold Tiger Eye 5 1.40 NGBHE Hematite 5 1.40 NGWBHE Hematite 5 1.40 NGBHO Howlite 5 1.40 NGWBHO Howlite 5 1.40 NGBOP Opalite 5 1.40 NGWBOP Opalite 5 1.40 NGBQZ Quartz 5 1.40
    [Show full text]
  • The Analysis, Identification and Treatment of an Amber Artifact
    GUEST PAPER THE ANALYSIS, IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF AN AMBER ARTIFACT by Niccolo Caldararo, Jena Hirschbein, Pete Palmer, Heather Shepard This study describes the identification and treatment of an amber necklace, which came into the conservation lab of Conservation Art Service, with an opaque bloom caused by a previous cleaning with a household ammonia cleanser. This paper also includes an overview of amber and its historical use, methods to definitively identify amber, and the identification and treatment of this particular object using infrared spectroscopy. mber is a fossilized tree resin, formed through a com- resin” and amber. The copal is then incorporated into the plex series of steps over millions of years. Its chemi- earth, where it continues to polymerize and release vola- Acal composition varies depending on the origin of the tile compounds until it is completely inert, at which point resin, but Baltic amber is synonymous with the chemical the transformation into amber is complete (Ross, 1998). name butanedioic acid (C4H6O4), more commonly known Amber that we find today was exuded millions of years ago as succinic acid, Beck, 1986. Although roughly 80% of all from the early Cretaceous Period (145-65 million years ago) amber samples are Baltic amber, there are other types of to the Miocene Period (23-5 million years ago) (Thickett, amber, not all of which contain succinic acid. It has been 1995) and from trees located in many regions around mo- theorized that succinic acid may not be contained in the dern-day Europe and the Dominican Republic. The trees in original amber material, and that it may be formed as different regions were distinct enough to have recogniza- a product of the aging process through a transition sta- ble characteristics in the resin they exuded, and thus have te byproduct, the abietic acid (C20H30O2) (Rottlander, chemical differences in their amber forms.
    [Show full text]
  • December Newsletter.Pub
    -N- PAGE 1 VOLUME 33 TYLER, TEXAS ISSUE 12 DECEMBER 2007 COMING SHOWS, 2008 Presidents Message JANUARY 19-20 In spite of the smaller than expected turnout at our December meet- Fredericksburg, TX ing, we had a good time !! Plenty of good food, good fellowship Fredericksburg Rockhounds and lots of fun with the White Elephant Christmas gift exchange. Lots of neat "rocky" items !!!! JANUARY 26-27 Tyler, TX There are still openings on the sign in sheets for the January show East Texas Gem & Min. Soc. and the sheets will be at the January meeting. There is a job of some kind for everyone and it's fun. You can help out our club and meet FEBRUARY 16-17 some "interesting" people at the same time. Georgetown, TX Williamson County Gem & While the holiday season should be a time of good cheer it can, for Min. Soc. many, be a time of sadness, anxiety, depression and conflict. Gregg Krech with the ToDo Institute suggests seven things we can do to FEBRUARY 23-24 reduce holiday stress: Pasadena, TX Clear Lake Gem & Min. Soc. 1. De-commercialize your holidays by taking the emphasis off of buying lots of gifts and shift it to spending time with friends and FEBRUARY 23-24 family and engaging in activities that bring you closer together. Jackson, MS That's the best gift of all. Eastern Federation Show 2. Keep your sugar intake low by minimizing your consumption of high sugar foods and alcohol. They both give an initial "rush" but FIELD TRIP INFO are followed by a drop into depression afterwards (and a craving for more sugar).
    [Show full text]
  • Gemstones by Donald W
    GEMSTONES By Donald W. olson Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Nicholas A. Muniz, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepared by Glenn J. Wallace, international data coordinator. In this report, the terms “gem” and “gemstone” mean any gemstones and on the cutting and polishing of large diamond mineral or organic material (such as amber, pearl, petrified wood, stones. Industry employment is estimated to range from 1,000 to and shell) used for personal adornment, display, or object of art ,500 workers (U.S. International Trade Commission, 1997, p. 1). because it possesses beauty, durability, and rarity. Of more than Most natural gemstone producers in the United states 4,000 mineral species, only about 100 possess all these attributes and are small businesses that are widely dispersed and operate are considered to be gemstones. Silicates other than quartz are the independently. the small producers probably have an average largest group of gemstones; oxides and quartz are the second largest of less than three employees, including those who only work (table 1). Gemstones are subdivided into diamond and colored part time. the number of gemstone mines operating from gemstones, which in this report designates all natural nondiamond year to year fluctuates because the uncertainty associated with gems. In addition, laboratory-created gemstones, cultured pearls, the discovery and marketing of gem-quality minerals makes and gemstone simulants are discussed but are treated separately it difficult to obtain financing for developing and sustaining from natural gemstones (table 2). Trade data in this report are economically viable deposits (U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Kingston (Ontario, CANADA) SELLER MANAGED Downsizing Online Auction - Ontario St
    09/26/21 10:10:03 Kingston (Ontario, CANADA) SELLER MANAGED Downsizing Online Auction - Ontario St Auction Opens: Fri, Mar 10 5:45pm ET Auction Closes: Thu, Mar 23 8:00pm ET Lot Title Lot Title 0001 Natural Biwa Pearl, Amethyst bracelet -app 0031 Natural Citrine, Smoky Quartz gemstone ring $525 0032 Natural 7.10 CT Citrine gemstone -app $550 0002 Natural .98 CT Aquamarine gemstone -app $525 0033 Natural Baltic Amber earrings 0003 Natural Baltic Amber earrings 0034 Natural Amethyst, Blue Topaz gemstone ring 0004 Natural Citrine gemstone ring 0035 Natural Citrine, Emerald ring 0005 Natural Garnet gemstone ring 0036 Natural Garnet gemstone ring 0006 Natural 3.25 CT Garnet gemstone 0037 Natural 42 pc Tanzanite gemstone lot 0007 Natural 50 pc Aquamarine gemstone lot 0038 Natural 7 pc Tourmaline gemstone lot 0008 Natural 46 pc Peridot gemstone lot 0039 Natural 28.10 CT Boulder Opal gemstone 0009 Natural Garnet gemstone ring 0040 Natural Mixed Gemstone ring 0010 Natural citrine, sapphire gemstone ring 0041 Natural Larimar, Blue Topaz gemstone ring 0011 Natural 3.23 Fire Opal gemstone 0042 Natural 1.46 CT Tourmaline gemstone -app 0012 Natural 1.00 CT Tourmaline gemstone -app $875 $325 0043 Natural Baltic Amber earrings 0013 Natural Baltic Amber earrings 0044 Natural Sapphire, Amethyst ring 0014 Natural Garnet gemstone ring 0045 Natural 14.25 CT Green Amethyst gemstone 0015 Natural Citrine gemstone ring 0046 Natural 14.50 CT Green Amethyst gemstone 0016 Natural Amethyst, Citrine ring 0047 Natural 42 pc Opal gemstone lot 0017 Natural 77 pc Blue
    [Show full text]