GemmologyThe Journal of 2015 / Volume 34 / No. 7 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Gem-A Conference 21–22 November 2015 The 2015 Gem-A Conference will be held at the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in Marylebone, London. Incorporating the 18th Symposium of the Federation for European Education in Gemmology (FEEG), this year’s Conference promises to be bigger and better than ever, with a host of world-class speakers delivering talks on a wide range of topics, as well as exclusive events and hands-on workshops. Visit www.gem-a.com for the full programme or email the Events team at [email protected] to book your place. Join us. The Gemmological Association of Great Britain, 21 Ely Place, London, EC1N 6TD, UK. T: +44 (0) 20 7404 3334 F: +44 (0) 20 7404 8843. Registered charity no. 1109555. A company limited by guarantee and registered in England No. 1945780. Registered Office: 3rd Floor, 1-4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD. Conference A4 09-2015.indd 1 15/09/2015 17:20:43 Contents GemmologyThe Journal of 2015 / Volume 34 / No. 7 COLUMNS p. 618 557 What’s New B&W Tek GemRam Mini| OGI DiaPix|Bursztynisko amber newsletter and Baltic p. 585 amber classification|GTL newsletter|Gems & Gemology cumulative PDF|GIT lab update|ICA Congress and World Diamond Conference presentations|U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service ivory regu- lations|Margaritologia pearl newsletter|Perettiite-(Y), a new mineral|Reports on rough octahedral synthetic diamonds, rubies from Madagascar, and synthetic ruby overgrowth ARTICLES on corundum|Publications by Silver Institute and World Feature Articles Gold Council|Gem Museum in Singapore 580 European Freshwater Pearls: Part 1—Russia By Elisabeth Strack 562 Gem Notes Buchite from the Eifel 594 Type Ib Yellow to Brownish Yellow CVD Synthetic Mountains, Germany|Fluorite Diamonds Seen at CGL from Myanmar|Malachite- By Hiroshi Kitawaki, Mio Hisanaga, Masahiro Yamamoto azurite from Peru|Mosandrite and Kentaro Emori from Russia|Shattuckite briolette|Saguaro Stone from 606 Burmese Amber from Hti Lin Arizona, USA|Red tourmaline from Nigeria|Tremolite By Tay Thye Sun, Aruˉnas Kleišmantas, Thet Tin Nyunt, from Tanzania|Diamond Zheng Minrui, Murali Krishnaswamy and Loke Hui Ying carving|Gastropod shell beads in a coral necklace|Barium- Gemmological Brief glass-filled ruby|Diffusion- induced colour and asterism in 616 The Application of Differential Interference Contrast sapphire|Gems Emporium in Microscopy to Gemmology Myanmar By Nathan Renfro 622 Conferences International Gemmological Conference|Mediterranean Gemmological Cover Photo: This jewellery suite and Jewellery Conference|Society of Geology Applied to Mineral features red tourmaline Deposits meeting from Nigeria that was all cut from the same piece of rough (1.20–9.07 ct; 629 Gem-A Notices 99.19 carats total weight); see Gem Note on p. 569. Courtesy of Barker & Co., 633 Learning Opportunities Scottsdale, Arizona; photo by Jeff Scovil. 637 New Media 642 Literature of Interest The Journal is published by Gem-A in collaboration with SSEF and with the support of AGL and GIT. ISSN: 1355-4565, http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2015.34.7 i The Journal of emmology G THE GEMMOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN Editor-in-Chief Production Editor Marketing Consultant Brendan M. Laurs Mary A. Burland Ya’akov Almor [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 21 Ely Place London EC1N 6TD Editor Emeritus Assistant Editor UK Roger R. Harding Michael J. O’Donoghue t: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 Associate Editors f: +44 (0)20 7404 8843 Edward Boehm, RareSource, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA; Alan T. Collins, King’s e: [email protected] College London; John L. Emmett, Crystal Chemistry, Brush Prairie, Washington, USA; w: www.gem-a.com Emmanuel Fritsch, University of Nantes, France; Rui Galopim de Carvalho, Portugal Registered Charity No. 1109555 Gemas, Lisbon, Portugal; Lee A. Groat, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Registered office: Palladium House, Canada; Thomas Hainschwang, GGTL Laboratories, Balzers, Liechtenstein; Henry 1–4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD A. Hänni, GemExpert, Basel, Switzerland; Jeff W. Harris, University of Glasgow; Alan D. Hart, The Natural History Museum, London; Ulrich Henn, German Gemmological Association, Idar-Oberstein; Jaroslav Hyršl, Prague, Czech Republic; Brian Jackson, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh; Stefanos Karampelas, Basel, Switzerland; Lore Kiefert, Gübelin Gem Lab Ltd., Lucerne, Switzerland; Hiroshi Kitawaki, Central Gem Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan; Michael S. Krzemnicki, Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF, President Basel; Shane F. McClure, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Jack Harry Levy M. Ogden, Striptwist Ltd., London; Federico Pezzotta, Natural History Museum of Milan, Vice Presidents Italy; Jeffrey E. Post, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; Andrew H. Rankin, David J. Callaghan, Alan T. Collins, Kingston University, Surrey; George R. Rossman, California Institute of Technology, Noel W. Deeks, E. Alan Jobbins, Pasadena, USA; Karl Schmetzer, Petershausen, Germany; Dietmar Schwarz, AIGS Lab Co. Michael J. O’Donoghue, Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand; Menahem Sevdermish, GemeWizard Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel; Andrew H. Rankin Guanghai Shi, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; James E. Shigley, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Christopher P. Smith, American Gemological Honorary Fellows Laboratories Inc., New York, New York; Evelyne Stern, London; Elisabeth Strack, Gaetano Cavalieri, Terrence Gemmologisches Institut Hamburg, Germany; Tay Thye Sun, Far East Gemological S. Coldham, Emmanuel Fritsch Laboratory, Singapore; Pornsawat Wathanakul, Gem and Jewelry Institute of Thailand, Bangkok; Chris M. Welbourn, Reading, Berkshire; Joanna Whalley, Victoria and Albert Honorary Diamond Member Museum, London; Bert Willems, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany; Bear Williams, Martin Rapaport Stone Group Laboratories LLC, Jefferson City, Missouri, USA; J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan, National Museum of Natural History ‘Naturalis’, Leiden, The Netherlands. Honorary Life Members Anthony J. Allnutt, Hermann Bank, Content Submission Mary A. Burland, Terence M.J. The Editor-in-Chief is glad to consider original articles, news items, conference/excursion Davidson, Peter R. Dwyer-Hickey, reports, announcements and calendar entries on subjects of gemmological interest for Gwyn M. Green, Roger R. Harding, publication in The Journal of Gemmology. A guide to the preparation of manuscripts John S. Harris, J. Alan W. Hodgkinson, is given at www.gem-a.com/publications/journal-of-gemmology.aspx, or contact the John I. Koivula, Jack M. Ogden, Production Editor. C.M. (Mimi) Ou Yang, Evelyne Stern, Ian Thomson, Vivian P. Watson, Subscriptions Colin H. Winter Gem-A members receive The Journal as part of their membership package, full details of which are given at www.gem-a.com/membership.aspx. Laboratories, libraries, museums Council and similar institutions may become Direct Subscribers to The Journal (see www.gem-a. Nigel B. Israel – Chairman com/publications/subscribe.aspx). Kathryn L. Bonanno, Mary A. Burland, Justine L. Carmody, Paul F. Greer, Advertising Kerry H. Gregory, Alan D. Hart, Enquiries about advertising in The Journal should be directed to the Marketing Consultant. J. Alan W. Hodgkinson, Jack M. For more information, see www.gem-a.com/publications/journal-of-gemmology/advertising- Ogden, Richard M. Slater, Christopher in-the-journal.aspx. P. Smith, Miranda E.J. Wells Copyright and Reprint Permission Branch Chairmen Abstracting with credit to the source, photocopying isolated articles for noncommercial Midlands – Georgina E. Kettle classroom use, and photocopying by libraries for private use of patrons, are permitted. North East – Mark W. Houghton Requests to use images published in The Journal should be directed to the Editor-in- South East – Veronica Wetten Chief. Give the complete reference citation and the page number for the image(s) in South West – Richard M. Slater question, and please state how and where the image would be used. The Journal of Gemmology is published quarterly by Gem-A, The Gemmological Association of Great Britain. Any opinions expressed in The Journal are understood to be the views of the contributors and not necessarily of the publisher. Printed by DG3 (Europe) Ltd. ™ © 2015 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Understanding Gems Cert no. TT-COC-002454 ISSN: 1355-4565 ii The Journal of Gemmology, 34(7), 2015 What’s New What’s New INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES B&W Tek GemRam Mini for >5 hrs of continuous operation. For more in- In mid-2015, B&W Tek launched the GemRam formation on handheld and portable Raman spec- Mini handheld Raman spectrometer containing a trometers from B&W Tek, visit http://bwtek.com/ spectral library of nearly 400 gem species that was technology/raman. assembled by Prof. Dr Henry A. Hänni (Gem- Expert, Basel, Switzer- OGI DiaPix land). Measuring 19 × In January 2015, OGI 10 × 5 cm and weigh- Systems launched DiaPix, ing 0.9 kg, the instru- a technology for capturing ment utilizes a touch high-definition images of screen interface, a 785 diamonds, coloured stones nm diode laser and a and jewellery. Users can high-resolution spec- produce videos showing trometer. Raman data 360° views of an object, from the instrument which can be uploaded can be synchronized to to corporate websites, a PC-based database via Wi-Fi or Ethernet to per- social networking sites and trade platforms. The form additional data analysis. It may be powered