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HOST RANGE, SUSCEPTIBILITY PERIOD of Curvularia Lunata CAUSING LEAF SPOT of BLACK GRAM and GERMPLASM SCREENING

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HOST RANGE, SUSCEPTIBILITY PERIOD of Curvularia Lunata CAUSING LEAF SPOT of BLACK GRAM and GERMPLASM SCREENING Agriways 1 (2) : 142-146 (2013) ISSN: 2321-8614 RESEARCH ARTICLE HOST RANGE, SUSCEPTIBILITY PERIOD OF Curvularia lunata CAUSING LEAF SPOT OF BLACK GRAM AND GERMPLASM SCREENING Mehi Lal1, Santosh Kumar2,Mohd. Ali3, Anis Khan4, Vivek Singh5 and Shiv Murti3 1Plant Protection Section, Central Potato Research Institute Campus, Modipuram, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) 250 110 2Jute Research Station, Katihar, 854 105, Bihar Agriculture university, Sabour, (Bihar) 3Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) 250 110 4Department Plant Pathology, C.S.A. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh) 208 002 5Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Curvularia lunata, causal organism of leaf spot of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) was able to infect most of the plants species belonging to the family Leguminaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Compositae, Solanaceae, Malvaceae and Graminae. Only plants belong from family Euphorbiaceae were free from infection by artificial inoculation of the pathogen. The maximum and minimum disease intensity was recovered at 60 days old and 30 days old plants, respectively. 48 varieties/cultures of black gram were screened under natural conditions to test their resistant against C. lunata. Out of these 9 varieties/cultures were found free (no infection) 10 resistant (1-5% leaf area infected) 12 moderately resistant (6-15% leaf area infected), 4 susceptible (16-25% leaf area infected) and 13 highly susceptible (26-40% and above leaf area infected). Subsequently, the germplasm with free resistant, moderately resistant reaction were further screened under artificial inoculation during the kharif season. 12 varieties/cultures were found resistant, 12 were moderately resistant. None of the varieties/cultures was free from infection. Key Words : Curvularia leaf spot, Black gram, Varieties/Culture, host range and susceptibility. Urdbean or Black gram (Vigna Mungo L.), is one in India from the department of Plant Pathology of of the important kharif pulses crop, grown throughout Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & the country. India is the largest producer and consumer Technology, Kanpur. The fungus was able to cause the of black gram in the world. The crop is improving the infection from the emergence to harvesting the age of soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. the plants. As disease appeared in different weeds and Curvularia leaf spot of black gram caused byC. lumata other crops also with different severity range. Since, (Wakker) Boedijn is the most serious fungal disease of resistant varieties are one of the important components this crop. A similar leaf spot disease of Urdbean (Vigna for the managing of the disease. It is also essential that mungo L.) was first reported by Singh and Singh 1973, which stages C. lunata is most active for causing RESEARCH AND EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY HOST RANGE, SUSCEPTIBILITY PERIOD OF Curvularia lunata CAUSING LEAF SPOT OF BLACK GRAM AND GERMPLASM SCREENING infection to the crop. The present study was aimed to served as control. The inoculated plants were incubated study host range, susceptibility period and finding out for 48 hrs in moist chamber by covering plants with resistant sources in black gram germplasm against polythene bags. Final observations of disease symptoms Curvularia leaf spot of black gram. were recorded 15 days after inoculation. The most susceptible growth period of the host was calculated MATERIALS AND METHODS from the date of sowing. Host range: The fungus Curvularia lunata is known to occur Germplasm screening : on a wide variety of hosts. The host range study was Germplasm screening was conducted in two year carried out to test the pathogenic ability of the fungus at Economic Botanist (Legume) C.S.A. University of on important field crops, weeds plants belonging to Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. First year (kharif- seven different families (58 plant species ) were selected 2002) and second year (kharif-2003) were tested in were artificially inoculated in their respective seasons natural and artificial condition respectively. The varieties/ by the pathogen. Healthy leaves of one month old plants cultures found free, resistant, moderately resistant under were inoculated with spraying spores suspension of the natural condition during 2003, was also tested in glass pathogen. Spore suspension was prepared in double house condition. Three plants were maintained in each distilled water and concentration (6x106/ml) was pot, when the age of crop was one month from date of adjusted with the help of hemocytometer. The inoculated showing the plant were inoculated with spore suspension 6 leaves were covered with polythene bags for 48 hrs. (6x10) . The reaction was noted after one week Observations were recorded 15 days after inoculation. inoculation and the intensity on disease development The details of the plants were used for testing the host was assessed at regular interval. Following disease range was mentioned in Table 1 reaction scale was used Susceptibility period : RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Experiment was conducted to find out the stage of Host range : the growth when black gram plants are most susceptible It is evident from the table 1 that C. lunata was to infection against C. lunata. The surface sterilized able to infect 24 plants species belonging to different seeds of black gram cv. T-9 grown in sterilized soil filled families are Leguminaceae, Cucurbitaceae, in 30 cm pots in the glass house. Three plants per pot Compositae, Solanaceae, Malvaceae and Graminae were maintained for each as replicated three times. For showed extensive leaf spot also. In leguminaceae:Vigna maintaining plants of different growth stage, sowing was rediata, Glycene max, Arachis hypogea, Vigna started from July 2003 and continued up to October, mungo, Vigna sinensis, Crotolaria juncea and 2003 at an interval of 15 days. The plants in different Trifolium alexandrianum were showed symptoms. sets of pots attained the age of ranging from 15 to 105 In graminae, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Pennisetum days on October, 2003. Spore suspension was typhoides and in Malvace, Gossypium hirsutum, G. prepared as above mentioned. Plants without inoculation herbaceium and G. arboretum were infected with C. Categories of Disease Reaction Grade Reactions Descriptions 0 Free No infection 1 Resistant 1-5 percent leaf area affected 2 Moderately Resistant 6-15 percent leaf area affected 3 Moderately Susceptible 16-25 percent leaf area affected 4 Susceptible 26-40 percent leaf area affected 5 Highly Susceptible above 40 percent leaf area affected 143 MEHI LAL1, SANTOSH KUMAR2, MOHD. ALI3, ANIS KHAN4 AND VIVEK SINGH5 lunata. Minimum disease infection was observed on Solanaceae Capsium annum L. - plants belonging to family Solanaceae. There is no Lycopersicon lycopersicum - infection was observed on plants belonging to Solanum melongnea L. + Solanum nigrum L - Euphorbiaceae family. Solanum tuberosum L. - Nicotiana tobaccum + Susceptibility period : Malvaceae Abelmoschus esculentus L. - The susceptibility of the plants to fungal infection Gossypium hirsutum L. + Gossypium arboreum + Gossypium herbaceum + Table 1: Host range study of Curvularia lunata Hibiscus esculentus - causing leaf spot of black gram Gramineae Avena sativa - Infection Family Scientific Name Hordeum vulgare L. - Reaction Oryza sativa L. + Leguminaceae Cajanus cajan L. (mill - Sacchrum officinarum L. - sp.) Sorghum vulgare - Vigna rediata L. Coilzek + Triticum aestivum L. - Cicer arietinum L. - Zea mays L. + Glycene max L. merril + Pennisetum typhoides + Arachis hypogea L. + Panicium maximum Ja cq. - Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper + Pennisetum perpureum L. - Pisum sativum - Pennisetum polystachyon L. - Vigna sinensis + Euphorbuaceae Euphorbia hitra L. - Lens esculenta - Phylanthus niruri L. - Dolichus lablab - Ricinus communis L. - Cyamopsis tetragonoloba - Note: (+) Infected, (-) Not infected (L.) Tanb Crotolaria juncea + varied according to age on increasing the age of the Trifolium alexandrianum + plants, the disease intensity increased but this trend was L. noted up to 60 days age of the plants (Fig. 1). The Cucurbitaceae Citrullus vulgaris var. - decrease intensity was gradually decreased as the plants fistu losus progressed towards maturity. The maximum disease Citrullus lanatus + Cucumis sativus L. - intensity was noted as 60 days and the minimum at 30 Cucumis melo - days old plants. The 75 days old plants age were less Cucumis utilissimus - susceptible as the infection gradually reduced slightly Trichosanthes anguina + infection, the spot were produced on lower surface of Mamordica charantia - Luffa acutangula - the leaves only when the plants were 90 days old. Similar Luffa cylindrica - observations were recorded by Choudhary et al. Lagenaria siceraria - (2011) reported that C. lunata caused maximum Compositae Helianthus annus L. + disease when inoculations were made on 60-days old Zinnia elegans L. + Dahlia spp. L. + plant of maize. Carthanum tinctorius L. + Chrysanthimum maximum - Screening of black gram varieties/cultures : L. The results given in table 2 revealed that out of 48 Helianthus agrophyllus L. - varieties/cultures screened under natural conditions, Nine Helianthus cucumerifolius + Tagetes erecta L. + (9) were founds free (No Infection), 10 resistant (1- Lactuca sativa - 5% leaf area infected) 12 moderately resistant (6-15% Helianthus tuberosus + leaf area
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