Presenter Name Lecture Type Year Department/Institution Lecture Title Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. Annual 1993-94 Center
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A Comprehensive Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in the Midbrain Dopamine System
A comprehensive analysis of sexual dimorphism in the midbrain dopamine system Amanda Shinae Zila A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2016 Reading Committee: Larry S. Zweifel (Chair) Richard D. Palmiter Paul E. M. Phillips Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Pharmacology 1 ©Copyright 2016 Amanda Shinae Zila 2 University of Washington Abstract A comprehensive analysis of sexual dimorphism in the midbrain dopamine system Amanda Shinae Zila Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Assistant Professor Larry S. Zweifel Department of Pharmacology The dopamine system is widely thought to play a role in many crucial behaviors, including reward association, motivation, and addiction. Additionally, dopamine is also linked to multiple diseases, such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. What is striking about these diseases is they present with sex differences in multiple aspects including susceptibility, progression, and response to treatment. However, we know very little about sex differences in the dopamine system, especially at a baseline state. In the current study, I provided a comprehensive analysis of the dopamine system in males and females, including circuitry, physiology, gene expression, and behavior. Employing retrograde viral tools, we characterized the inputs to the entire ventral tegmental area (VTA), to VTA dopamine neurons specifically, and compared the number of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic inputs to the VTA; we also mapped VTA dopaminergic outputs through use of excitatory DREADDs. However, a comparison of the number of inputs in each brain area between males and females revealed no differences. An interesting discovery was the high amount of GABAergic inputs to the VTA, relative to 3 glutamatergic and serotonergic. -
Symposium in Honor of Ralph L. Brinster Celebrating 50 Years of Scientific Breakthroughs Philadelphia, 24-25 August 2012
Int. J. Dev. Biol. 57: 333-339 (2013) doi: 10.1387/ijdb.120248rb Meeting Report Symposium in honor of Ralph L. Brinster celebrating 50 years of scientific breakthroughs Philadelphia, 24-25 August 2012 ABSTRACT The Symposium speakers comprised a distin- Beginning in his early years on the farm, Ralph’s interest in fertility, guished group of scientists from North America, Europe and reproduction and germ cells developed continuously, and therefore Asia. The Keynote address was presented by Michael Brown, it is not surprising that his more than 50 years in research have Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine (1985), and a ple- focused entirely on germline cells, the germline and the embryo. nary lecture was presented by John Gurdon, who within the Initially, he developed culture and manipulation strategies for mouse next months would receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or eggs, which continue in use with little change today. He used these Medicine (2012).The first lecture in the series was presented by methods to demonstrate that teratocarcinoma stem cells will colo- Richard Palmiter, Ralph’s collaborator for more than 15 years, nize the blastocyst, observations that enabled the development and he provided an overview of their work together followed of the embryonic stem cell system. His efforts to understand and by Richard’s subsequent exciting contributions in the area of modify the germline resulted in his continued experiments in which neurobiology. Seventeen lectures were presented over the he developed transgenic animals. Currently, his studies involve two-day Symposium by distinguished scientists, including spermatogonial stem cells and their regulation in spermatogenesis. -
The Origins of Oncomice: a History of the First Transgenic Mice Genetically Engineered to Develop Cancer
Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on October 2, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE The origins of oncomice: a history of the first transgenic mice genetically engineered to develop cancer Douglas Hanahan,1,4 Erwin F. Wagner,2 and Richard D. Palmiter3 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Diabetes Center, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; 2Research Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna A-1030, Austria; 3Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA This perspective describes the concurrent development cells within normal tissues of a mammalian organism in the 1980s of the first transgenic mice genetically en- could lead to tumor development. In 1992, gene knock- gineered to express dominant oncogenes, involving inde- out technology converged in a similar fashion with tu- pendent researchers who were largely unaware of each mor suppressor genetics in the generation of mice that other’s strategies and progress. We relate the experimen- developed cancers by virtue of lacking tumor suppressor tal designs, the pitfalls and challenges encountered, and gene function (for review, see Jacks 1996). the eventual success in developing distinctive mouse The significance of these early technological innova- models of cancer, wherein tumors arose heritably in vari- tions, which lead to genetically engineered mice en- ous organs. These early oncomice have produced a dowed to heritably develop particular forms of cancer, wealth of new knowledge, become topics of intellectual can be appreciated by considering the scientific/techni- property, and spawned a vibrant field of cancer research cal landscape then, and now. -
Transgenic Mouse Models—A Seminal Breakthrough in Oncogene Research
CHAPTER 1 Transgenic Mouse Models—A Seminal Breakthrough in Oncogene Research Harvey W. Smith and William J. Muller1 Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada Transgenic mouse models are an integral part of modern cancer research, providing a versatile and powerful means of studying tumor initiation and progression, metastasis, and therapy. The present repertoire of these models is very diverse, with a wide range of strategies used to induce tumorigenesis by expressing dominant-acting oncogenes or disrupting the function of tumor-suppressor genes, often in a highly tissue-specific manner. Much of the current technology used in the creation and charac- terization of transgenic mouse models of cancer will be discussed in depth elsewhere. However, to gain a complete appreciation and understanding of these complex models, it is important to review the history of the field. Transgenic mouse models of cancer evolved as a new and, compared with the early cell-culture-based techniques, more physiologically relevant approach for studying the properties and transforming capacities of oncogenes. Here, we will describe early transgenic mouse models of cancer based on tissue-specific expression of oncogenes and discuss their impact on the development of this still rapidly growing field. INTRODUCTION During the 1970s and 1980s, major advances in the fields of molecular biology and molecular genetics resulted in new technologies that facilitated transgenesis in the laboratory mouse. This was also an era when the molecular events underlying tumorigenesis began to be characterized, with much effort focused on identifying oncogenes and understanding their functions (Duesberg and Vogt 1970; Martin 1970; Stehelin et al. -
Transgenic Animals
IQP-43-DSA-9667 IQP-43-DSA-1807 TRANSGENIC ANIMALS An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By: ____________________ ____________________ William Decker Brian Schopka August 26, 2011 APPROVED: _________________________ Prof. David S. Adams, PhD WPI Project Advisor ABSTRACT In this project, the growing science of transgenic animals and the effects it has on society are discussed. Chapter one examines how the transgenic animal is created. The second chapter explores the wide variety of current uses for this technology. Moving from the science to the effects on society, chapter three tackles the ethical issues that arise when building these animals, and the last chapter presents the legal controversies over animal patenting design and methodologies. The conclusion, based on the performed research, offers the authors viewpoints on how transgenic technologies should continue. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page …………………………………………..…………………………….. 1 Abstract …………………………………………………..……………………………. 2 Table of Contents ………………………………………..…………………………….. 3 Project Objective ……………………………………….....…………………………… 4 Chapter-1: Transgenic Technology …….………………..…………………………… 5 Chapter-2: Transgenic Applications...………………..………..…………………….. 16 Chapter-3: Transgenic Ethics ………………………………………………………... 32 Chapter-4: Transgenic Legalities ……………………..………………………………. 41 Project Conclusions...…………………………………..….…………………………… 52 3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES The general purpose of this project was to develop a better understanding of how and why transgenic animals are created, and to discuss what this means for civilization. The scope of the first chapter endeavors to explain how these animals are created, offering a brief history of the development of genetically modified organisms. Chapter two's purpose is to clarify why transgenic animals are created and how they are used. -
Lecture 35 Transgenic Animals
Lecture 35 Transgenic animals ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eukaryotic protein expression systems-II (lecture 31) Protein expression in mammalian cells (non viral vectors) Cell-free protein expression systems ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Eukaryotic protein expression systems-III (lecture 32) Protein expression in mammalian cells (viral vectors) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Human gene therapy (lecture 33) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DNA vaccines (lecture 34) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transgenic animals (lecture 35) Integration of foreign genes into genome of animals and their transmission to progeny (Germline gene transfer) Transgenic technology Transgenic technology led to the development of fish and livestock with an altered genetic profile that enabled them to grow faster (salmon), to reduce waste (pig) or fight diseases (prion-free cows resistant to bovine spongiform encephalopathy, known as mad cow disease). Thanks to the transgenic technology, today we have mouse models for several types of cancer and of human genetic disorders including chronic hepatitis, sickle cell disease, diabetes, -
Myelnikov Phd Ethos
Transforming Mice: Technique and communication in the making of transgenic animals, 1974–1988 Dmitriy Myelnikov Department of History and Philosophy of Science Emmanuel College University of Cambridge September 2014 Corrected version, May 2015 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy i This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except where spe- cifically indicated in the text. No parts of this dissertation have been submitted for other qualifications. It does not exceed 80,000 words. Dmitriy Myelnikov ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements iii Abbreviations v Introduction 1 Note on sources 14 Chapter 1. The rise of the mouse embryo, 1941–1970 17 §1. The genetic mammal 19 §2. Standards and embryos 24 §3. Manipulating development 32 §4. Molecular promises 41 Conclusion 50 Chapter 2. Recombinant networks: The moral economy of genetic engineering in the 1970s 52 §1. Gene transfer and somatic cell genetics 54 §2. Viruses and embryos: The Jaenisch-Mintz collaboration 61 §3. Recombinant exchanges 67 §4. “DNA-mediated gene transfer”: Expanding the networks 75 Conclusion 81 Chapter 3. Putting genes into mice: Promises, experimental trajectories and expertise 83 §1. “Possibilities and realities” 85 §2. Research agendas 95 §3. Mastering microinjection 105 §4. Recruiting molecular expertise 110 Conclusion 116 Chapter 4. Negotiating new mice: News, journals and priority 118 §1. Breaking the news 122 §2. “A one-way trip to the Brave New World”? 125 §3. Journals and the politics of priority 133 §4. Criteria of success 144 i §5. “These mice, that we call transgenic” 151 Conclusion 156 Chapter 5. -
Program Book, 2014 Meeting
1122TTHH AANNNNUUAALL MMEEEETTIINNGG OOFF TTHHEE FFRROONNTT RRAANNGGEE NNEEUURROOSSCCIIEENNCCEE GGRROOUUPP December 10, 2014 Hilton Fort Collins 12th Annual Meeting: December 10, 2014 Hilton Fort Collins Registration 10am; Program 10:30am – 6:30pm 10:30-11:30 – Data Blitz "New in the Front Range" Noon-3pm – Lunch, Posters, Vendors! 12:30--1:45 ODD 1:45--3:00 EVEN 3-4pm – Award Winning Student presentations Kristen Smith (Univ of Wyoming) Peter Grace (Univ Colorado Boulder) Maneesh Kumar (CU Anschutz) 4:00 - 4:30pm – Coffee break, stretch 4:30-5:30pm –Keynote: “Deciphering Neuronal Circuits Mediating Anorexia and Pain” Richard Palmiter, PhD Professor, Department of Biochemistry; Investigator, HHMI University of Washington http://www.hhmi.org/research/genetics-mouse-behavior 5:30-6:30pm – Awards, door prizes, reception! http://FRNG.colostate.edu Morning Session: Data Blitzing through “new" in the Front Range Alysia Vrailas-Mortimer, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Denver: "Aging and neurodegeneration in Drosophila” Erik Oleson, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Psychology, University of Colorado-Denver: “Accumbal phasic dopamine release events shape operant behavior through computation of conditioned stimuli" Jared Bushman, Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming: “Astroglyconeuroengineering” Ashley N. Fricks-Gleason, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Psychology & Neuroscience, Regis University: “The effect of exercise on the neurochemical consequences of methamphetamine abuse” Nidia Quillinan, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado- Anschutz Medical Campus: “Purkinje cell loss and cerebellar deficits resulting from global cerebral ischemia” Yumei Feng, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University: “New paradigm in the renin-angiotensin system and neurogenic hypertension” Donald Rojas, Associate Professor, Dept.