Investigating Potential Sources of Mercury's Exospheric Calcium
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Some Observations on Avoiding Pitfalls in Developing Future Flight Systems
AIAA 97-3209 Some Observations on Avoiding Pitfalls in Developing Future Flight Systems Gary L. Bennett Metaspace Enterprises Emmett, Idaho; U.S.A. 33rd AIAA/ASME/SAEIASEEJoint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit July 6 - 9, 1997 I Seattle, WA For permission to copy or republish, contact the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 22091 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDING PITFALLS IN DEVELOPING FUTURE FLIGHT SYSTEMS Gary L. Bennett* 5000 Butte Road Emmett, Idaho 83617-9500 Abstract Given the speculative proposals and the interest in A number of programs and concepts have been developing breakthrough propulsion systems it seems proposed 10 achieve breakthrough propulsion. As an prudent and appropriate to review some of the pitfalls cautionary aid 10 researchers in breakthrough that have befallen other programs in "speculative propulsion or other fields of advanced endeavor, case science" so that similar pitfalls can be avoided in the histories of potential pitfalls in scientific research are future. And, given the interest in UFO propulsion, described. From these case histories some general some guidelines to use in assessing the reality of UFOs characteristics of erroneous science are presented. will also be presented. Guidelines for assessing exotic propulsion systems are suggested. The scientific method is discussed and some This paper will summarize some of the principal tools for skeptical thinking are presented. Lessons areas of "speculative science" in which researchers learned from a recent case of erroneous science are were led astray and it will then provide an overview of listed. guidelines which, if implemented, can greatly reduce Introduction the occurrence of errors in research. -
Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds an End to Antisemitism!
Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds An End to Antisemitism! Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman Volume 5 Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman ISBN 978-3-11-058243-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-067196-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-067203-9 DOI https://10.1515/9783110671964 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Library of Congress Control Number: 2021931477 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2021 Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, Lawrence H. Schiffman, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com Cover image: Illustration by Tayler Culligan (https://dribbble.com/taylerculligan). With friendly permission of Chicago Booth Review. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com TableofContents Preface and Acknowledgements IX LisaJacobs, Armin Lange, and Kerstin Mayerhofer Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds: Introduction 1 Confronting Antisemitism through Critical Reflection/Approaches -
Enhancing the Corrosion Resistance of Api 5L X70 Pipeline Steel Through Thermomechanically Controlled Processing
ENHANCING THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF API 5L X70 PIPELINE STEEL THROUGH THERMOMECHANICALLY CONTROLLED PROCESSING A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Enyinnaya George Ohaeri © Copyright Enyinnaya George Ohaeri, April 2020. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by Professor Jerzy Szpunar, who supervised my thesis work or, in his absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis, or parts thereof, for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Saskatchewan 57 Campus Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9 Canada OR Dean College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies University of Saskatchewan 116 Thorvaldson Building, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 Canada i ABSTRACT Pipelines are widely used for transportation of oil and gas because they can carry large volume of these products at lower cost compared to rail cars and trucks. -
Difficult Experiments on Weird Rocks Written by G
PSR Discoveries:Hot Idea: Enstatite Meteorites http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Dec99/indarch.html posted December 17, 1999 Difficult Experiments on Weird Rocks Written by G. Jeffrey Taylor Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology Enstatite meteorites are a diverse group of strange rocks. They contain little or no oxidized iron, a rare occurrence in the Solar System. Nevertheless, melting experiments on these oxygen-depleted meteorites give clues about magma compositions and core formation in asteroids. Tim McCoy (Smithsonian Institution), Tamara Dickinson (Catholic University), and Gary Lofgren (Johnson Space Center) heated an enstatite chondrite (called Indarch) to a range of temperatures above the temperature of initial melting. They found that the sulfide minerals in the rock melted at 1000o C. This disproved a hypothesis that the calcium sulfide in the rock formed at a very high temperature in the gas-dust cloud from which the planets formed and survived melting in igneous enstatite meteorites. The experiments also indicate that the metallic iron and sulfide minerals begin to form connected networks when only about 20% of the rocky material is melted. This suggests that core formation in the asteroid could have taken place at such low amounts of melting, rather than requiring much higher amounts of melting as some scientists have argued. The experiments also show that igneous enstatite meteorites could have formed from unmelted enstatite chondrites. Reference: McCoy, Timothy J., Tamara L.Dickinson, and Gary E. Lofgren, 1999, Partial melting of the Indarch (EH4) meteorite: A textural, chemical, and phase relations view of melting and melt migration, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, vol. -
Impact Melt Emplacement on Mercury
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 7-24-2018 2:00 PM Impact Melt Emplacement on Mercury Jeffrey Daniels The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Neish, Catherine D. The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Geology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Science © Jeffrey Daniels 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Geology Commons, Physical Processes Commons, and the The Sun and the Solar System Commons Recommended Citation Daniels, Jeffrey, "Impact Melt Emplacement on Mercury" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5657. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5657 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Impact cratering is an abrupt, spectacular process that occurs on any world with a solid surface. On Earth, these craters are easily eroded or destroyed through endogenic processes. The Moon and Mercury, however, lack a significant atmosphere, meaning craters on these worlds remain intact longer, geologically. In this thesis, remote-sensing techniques were used to investigate impact melt emplacement about Mercury’s fresh, complex craters. For complex lunar craters, impact melt is preferentially ejected from the lowest rim elevation, implying topographic control. On Venus, impact melt is preferentially ejected downrange from the impact site, implying impactor-direction control. Mercury, despite its heavily-cratered surface, trends more like Venus than like the Moon. -
Seismic Hazards of Western Washington and Selected Adjacent Areas Bibliography and Index, 1988-1991
LIBRARY DEPT. OF NATURAL RESOURCES GEOLOGY & EARTH RESOURCES DIVISION OLYMPIA, WA. 98504-7007 SEISMIC HAZARDS OF WESTERN WASHINGTON AND SELECTED ADJACENT AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX, 1988-1991 compiled by Connie J. Manson WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES OPEN FILE REPORT 92-2 Supported l:,y the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program through U.S. Geological Survey Agreement no. 14-08-0001-A0509. February 1992 -, WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF Natural Resources Brian Boyle - Commissioner of Public Lands Art Stearns - Supervisor Division of Geology and Earth Resources . Raymond Lasmanis, State Geologist SEISMIC HAZARDS OF WESTERN WASHINGTON AND SELECTED ADJACENT AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX, 1988-1991 compiled by Connie J. Manson WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES OPEN FILE REPORT 92-2 Sllpported 1,y tlu! National Earthqll/JU Hazards Reduction Program lhro11gh U.S. Geological SllrVey Agreement no. J4..()8-000J-AOS09. February 1992 l Contents Introduction . 1 Bibliography . 3 Index ............................................. 79 iii Seismic Hazards of Western Washington and Selected Adjacent Areas-Bibliography and Index, 1988-1991 compiled by Connie J. Manson Introduction This work continues the previous seismic hazards bibliography (Manson, 1988). Like that work, this includes all citations pertinent to the study of earthquake hazards in western Washington and the metropolitan Portland, Oregon, area that were received by the Washing ton Division of Geology and Earth Resources Library from September 1988 through Septem ber 1991. Studies that could shed light on the causes and(or) effects of earthquakes in western Wash ington and adjacent areas have been included. Thus, the bibliography emphasizes the seis mology, paleoseismology, geophysics, and earthquake-related hazards of the targeted geo graphic areas and includes studies of structural geology and tectonics, glacial geology, geochronology, slope stability, soil mechanics, and other pertinent subjects. -
Team Studies Rare Meteorite Possibly from the Outer Asteroid Belt 20 December 2012
Team studies rare meteorite possibly from the outer asteroid belt 20 December 2012 The asteroid approached on an orbit that still points to the source region of CM chondrites. From photographs and video of the fireball, Jenniskens calculated that the asteroid approached on an unusual low-inclined almost comet-like orbit that reached the orbit of Mercury, passing closer to the sun than known from other recorded meteorite falls. "It circled the sun three times during a single orbit of Jupiter, in resonance with that planet," Jenniskens said. Based on the unusually short time that the asteroid was exposed to cosmic rays, there was not much time to go slower or faster around the sun. That puts the original source asteroid very (Phys.org)—Scientists found treasure when they close to this resonance, in a low inclined orbit. studied a meteorite that was recovered April 22, 2012 at Sutter's Mill, the gold discovery site that "A good candidate source region for CM chondrites led to the 1849 California Gold Rush. Detection of now is the Eulalia asteroid family, recently the falling meteorites by Doppler weather radar proposed as a source of primitive C-class asteroids allowed for rapid recovery so that scientists could in orbits that pass Earth," adds Jenniskens. study for the first time a primitive meteorite with little exposure to the elements, providing the most pristine look yet at the surface of primitive asteroids. An international team of 70 researchers reported in today's issue of Science that this meteorite was classified as a Carbonaceous-Mighei or CM-type carbonaceous chondrite and that they were able to identify for the first time the source region of these meteorites. -
Republican Journal: Vol. 50, No. 34
di,: ..ijimMi. :;, l mm;mis«»□! ,,:,> a sim^sa i n-.:ffiii aii. L" iW!fMKi;iS:H;;w;» a iWiMi tm : m : mm.■■ n /1 a isi : wm. jam ®'; i? I- mated, but it is probably t in tty five or forty. Fittv Harden and ** Farm, to Household, j bams. will. >ome !!' >toelf are estimated have I tKHMi blown down. The only valuable building '• niched was that of tie* High S< liool. Figuring I 1 p-Dressing Mowing Lands. at cost. .a,t". that ulholn • tnreli, frame i m. .''In;- 1 M |j v 7 ■ feel, at and I lie dwellings 1 .i1 ,-•! 11,1 ,>1 1 he \c\\ ! a' sjinn r.ich. which is a very i*.w a»«rp'e. and s|Ifli.iMhi reached It is conceded well in ■ > i*:n,■ e ait, r discussing various by | i'-rmed ■.;i/*■;;< that a ..dd.iional >7 nnii or <!'»". tiij trussing mow mg wi! .t ^we 1 i he toi.d too min h !> saxs •THE LITTLE GIANT” mokm. these experiments over. 1 An Sketch Wattor- i'..' ,-ome to tin- eonelitsion that no Appreciative by Henry 11 SOll. ,rtl '.tld manure will lie used as a 1 i -- : lor mowing lands on our The u.vailing «-i a iuo:n;meat to tlie !at.• Mepheu \ I>4.-1 is c*. t I u; at ( hicago ails tin* memory of a.-I ‘-e t:nd, t fruit trees, xvhere Kill the Weeds in August. Gone. and man. It ;> uot so since he •• tion, then Mr. Brittain to "I | extiaordinary long ’ig > : \ !•• tier use explained mean, to nil with me." I’l'or lietli's hurt heart threw its 1ms radieahle. -
The Isotopic Abundance and Content of Sulfur I N
I THE ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCE AND CONTENT Hard copy (HC) OF SULFUR IN METEORITES * (,' .,. Microfiche (MF) LYY- I 1 Q by T. R. Kaplanl and J. R. Hulston" (Hexahedrites and Octahedrites) and stony (Enstatite achondrite, Carbonaceous, Enstatite and Olivine chondrites) families. The iron meteorites contain troilite as the chief sulfur component and the 6S34 ranges from 0 to 3 0.6'/00 with respect to Canyon Diablo troilite. Stony ner;eorites demonstrate a wide varieky of sulfur compounds fur, water, and acid soluble sulfates and unidentified components soluble only in aqua regia. The 6S34 content 3f the isolated compounds varies from 3-2.5 to -5.5'/00 ,vich respect to Canyon Diablo. The weighted average for t all components of each meteorite, however, falls within 4 5lo/oo of Canyon Diablo. The S33 distribution closely follows S34. The data suggest that differentiations have occurred in the meteorites starting from a single source K Division of Geological Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. 209 WLlOl ALll13Vl CL,.Jartment of Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, OnLario, Canada. * Contribution No. 1333 of the Division of Geological Sciences, I" California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. L C 2 of sulfur. There is no evidence for biological activity having occurred in the meteorite, either from the distribution of sulfur compounds- or from the isotope abundance data. This study has been supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant NsG 347/05-002-006. .' 3 INTRODUCTION Sulfur is a common and often important constituent of many meteorites, and since it is found in a number of minerals and sometimes occurs in various valence states ic one meteorite specimen, its distribution may closely reflect the history of the meteorite. -
Accretion of the Earth—Missing Components?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS) Space Sci Rev (2020) 216:27 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00649-y Accretion of the Earth—Missing Components? K. Mezger1 · M. Schönbächler2 · A. Bouvier3 Received: 5 February 2019 / Accepted: 19 February 2020 / Published online: 4 March 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Primitive meteorites preserve the chemical and isotopic composition of the first aggregates that formed from dust and gas in the solar nebula during the earliest stages of solar system evolution. Gradual increase in the size of solid bodies from dust to aggregates and then to planetesimals finally led to the formation of planets within a few to tens of mil- lion years after the start of condensation. Thus the rocky planets of the inner solar system are likely the result of the accumulation of numerous smaller primitive as well as differ- entiated bodies. The chemically most primitive known meteorites are chondrites and they consist mostly of metal and silicates. Chondritic meteorites are derived from distinct prim- itive planetary bodies that experienced only limited element fractionation during formation and subsequent differentiation. Different chondrite classes show distinct chemical and iso- | downloaded: 27.12.2020 topic characteristics, which may reflect heterogeneities in the solar nebula and the slightly different pathways of their formation. To a first approximation the chemical composition of the bulk Earth bears great similarities to primitive meteorites. However, for some elements there are striking and significant differences. The Earth shows a much stronger depletion of the moderate to highly volatile elements compared to chondrites. -
Development of Novel Controllable Hydrogen Sulfide Donors
DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL CONTROLLABLE HYDROGEN SULFIDE DONORS By YU ZHAO A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of The requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Chemistry May 2014 © Copyright by YU ZHAO, 2014 All Rights Reserved © Copyright by YU ZHAO, 2014 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of YU ZHAO find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. Ming Xian, Ph.D., Chair Clifford E. Berkman, Ph.D. Jeffery P. Jones, Ph.D. Robert C. Ronald, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Ming Xian, for his supervision during my Ph.D. study at Washington State University (WSU). It was him who guided me towards the top research of hydrogen sulfide. He helped me to build my research interests in the field of organic chemistry and chemical biology. I have gained valuable experiences from Dr. Xian in experimental techniques and logical thinking, without which I could never build a solid background for my future career. I would always be thankful to my committee members, Dr. Cliff Berkman, Dr. Rob Ronald, and Dr. Jeff Jones, for their valuable suggestions in my research, seminars, and research proposals. I would thank Dr. Phil Garner for his comments in our group meetings. I would also thank our collaborators, Dr. David J. Lefer (Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA) and Dr. -
1 the Lifecycle of Hollows on Mercury
The Lifecycle of Hollows on Mercury: An Evaluation of Candidate Volatile Phases and a Novel Model of Formation. 1 1 2 3 M. S. Phillips , J. E. Moersch , C. E. Viviano , J. P. Emery 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2Planetary Exploration Group, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 3Department of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences, Northern Arizona University Corresponding author: Michael Phillips ([email protected]) Keywords: Mercury, hollows, thermal model, fumarole. Abstract On Mercury, high-reflectance, flat-floored depressions called hollows are observed nearly globally within low-reflectance material, one of Mercury’s major color units. Hollows are thought to be young, or even currently active, features that form via sublimation, or a “sublimation-like” process. The apparent abundance of sulfides within LRM combined with spectral detections of sulfides associated with hollows suggests that sulfides may be the phase responsible for hollow formation. Despite the association of sulfides with hollows, it is still not clear whether sulfides are the hollow-forming phase. To better understand which phase(s) might be responsible for hollow formation, we calculated sublimation rates for 57 candidate hollow-forming volatile phases from the surface of Mercury and as a function of depth beneath regolith lag deposits of various thicknesses. We found that stearic acid (C18H36O2), fullerenes (C60, C70), and elemental sulfur (S) have the appropriate thermophysical properties to explain hollow formation. Stearic acid and fullerenes are implausible hollow-forming phases because they are unlikely to have been delivered to or generated on Mercury in high enough volume to account for hollows.