Year of the Snake
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Language Kinship Between Mandarin, Hokkien Chinese and Japanese (Lexicostatistics Review)
LANGUAGE KINSHIP BETWEEN MANDARIN, HOKKIEN CHINESE AND JAPANESE (LEXICOSTATISTICS REVIEW) KEKERABATAN ANTARA BAHASA MANDARIN, HOKKIEN DAN JEPANG (TINJAUAN LEXICOSTATISTICS) Abdul Gapur1, Dina Shabrina Putri Siregar 2, Mhd. Pujiono3 1,2,3Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara Jalan Universitas, No. 19, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Telephone (061) 8215956, Facsimile (061) 8215956 E-mail: [email protected] Article accepted: July 22, 2018; revised: December 18, 2018; approved: December 24, 2018 Permalink/DOI: 10.29255/aksara.v30i2.230.301-318 Abstract Mandarin and Hokkien Chinese are well known having a tight kinship in a language family. Beside, Japanese also has historical relation with China in the field of language and cultural development. Japanese uses Chinese characters named kanji with certain phonemic vocabulary adjustment, which is adapted into Japanese. This phonemic adjustment of kanji is called Kango. This research discusses about the kinship of Mandarin, Hokkien Chinese in Indonesia and Japanese Kango with lexicostatistics review. The method used is quantitative with lexicostatistics technique. Quantitative method finds similar percentage of 100-200 Swadesh vocabularies. Quantitative method with lexicostatistics results in a tree diagram of the language genetics. From the lexicostatistics calculation to the lexicon level, it is found that Mandarin Chinese (MC) and Japanese Kango (JK) are two different languages, because they are in a language group (stock) (29%); (2) JK and Indonesian Hokkien Chinese (IHC) are also two different languages, because they are in a language group (stock) (24%); and (3) MC and IHC belong to the same language family (42%). Keywords: language kinship, Mandarin, Hokkien, Japanese Abstrak Bahasa Mandarin dan Hokkien diketahui memiliki hubungan kekerabatan dalam rumpun yang sama. -
2013 - Year of the Snake
2013 - YEAR OF THE SNAKE The black water yin snake ! As ominous as the year of the Black Water Snake may sound, having survived the year of the Black Water Dragon and the end of the Mayan calendar(!), surely we can slither through 2013 unscathed?! A Snake year rides on the glory of the Dragon and can bring many great achievements and successes. Of course, it can also be a slippery fellow so be prepared to shed your Ophidiophobia and embrace the New Year! The first cycle of the zodiac started in 2637 B.C., introduced by the Emperor Huang Ti. Every twelfth year is a Snake year and they are the sixth animal in the zodiac cycle. A complete cycle of the Chinese lunar calendar takes 60 years and is made up of five cycles of 12 years, 12 animal signs and the 5 elements, meaning that each animal and element only combine once during each full cycle. The last time we had Water and Snake ensemble was in 1953. Each of the animal signs also has its own fixed element, the Snake’s is Fire. Finally, we throw Yin and Yang into the mix as well and you start to see just how intricate an art Chinese Astrology is! Black is the colour of the Water element and the ancient Chinese regarded it as the king of colours, also said to be the colour of heaven and space. Of course, it also makes up one half of the Tajii symbol characterising the unity of Yin and Yang. In Chinese Astrology, odd years are Yin years and even years are Yang years. -
Chinese Zodiac Animals Trail #Cnysunderland2021
Chinese Zodiac Animals Trail #CNYSunderland2021 Find out amazing facts about the 12 animals of the Chinese Zodiac and try some fun animal actions. 12th February 2021 is the start of the Year of the Ox, but how were the animals chosen and in which order do they follow each other? Find out more….. How did the years get their names? A long time ago in China, the gods decided that they wanted to name the years after animals. They chose twelve animals – dragon, tiger, horse, snake, pig, cockerel, rat, rabbit, goat, dog, ox and monkey. All of these wanted the first year to be named after them as they all thought themselves to be the most important. Can you imagine the noise when they were arguing? They made so much noise that they woke up the gods. After listening to all their arguments the gods decided to settle the matter by holding a race across a wide river. The years would be named according to the order in which the animals finished the race. The animals were very excited. They all believed that they would win – although the pig wasn’t quite so sure. During the race there were many changes in position, with different animals taking the lead. As they approached the river bank ox was in the lead with rat a very close second. Rat was determined to win but he was getting very tired. He had to think quickly. He managed to catch the ox’s tail and from there he climbed onto his back. Ox could see that he was winning but just as he was about to touch the bank, rat jumped over his head and landed on dry land. -
Animes E Desenhos Ordem Alfabetica Código Valor .Hack Legend of The
Planilha1 Animes e Desenhos Ordem Alfabetica Código Valor .Hack Legend of the Twilight Dublado P7-02 R$ 7,00 .hack//ROOTS P7-01 R$ 13,00 .hack//Sign P4-15 R$ 13,00 101 Dálmatas Dublado P4-14 R$ 28,00 11 Eyes P3-06 R$ 7,00 18IF P7-30 R$ 7,00 2x2 Shinobuden P2-27 R$ 7,00 30-Sai no Hoken Taiiku P4-04 R$ 7,00 5-Toubun no Hanayome G8 R$ 7,00 801 TTS Airbats P1-27 R$ 7,00 91 Days p7-20 R$ 7,00 Filmes .Hack G.U. Trilogy Filme P7-09 R$ 7,00 5 Centímetros por Segundo Filme P7-14 R$ 7,00 Letra A Código Valor A Arca Do Zé Colméia Dublado P5-32 R$ 7,00 A Channel P6-05 R$ 7,00 A Coisa Dublado P1-05 R$ 13,00 A Corrida Maluca Dublado P3-03 R$ 20,00 A Formiga e o Tamanduá Dublado P3-11 R$ 7,00 A Lenda de Ellcia Dublado P1-04 R$ 7,00 A Lenda do Zorro Dublado P4-21 R$ 7,00 A Tale Of Melodies P4-11 R$ 7,00 A.D. Police P2-16 R$ 7,00 Abarenbou Kishi!! Matsutarou P5-08 R$ 13,00 Absolute Duo P1-25 R$ 7,00 ACCA: 13-ku Kansatsu-ka P7-19 R$ 7,00 Accel World P5-11 R$ 13,00 Acchi Kocchi P7-18 R$ 7,00 Action Heroine Cheer Fruits P7-30 R$ 7,00 Active Raid Kidou Kyoushuushitsu p7-20 R$ 7,00 Afro Samurai Dublado P6-06 R$ 7,00 After War Gundam X P7-13 R$ 28,00 Agatha Christie no Meitantei P5-26 R$ 20,00 Agente 009-1 Dublado P4-19 R$ 7,00 Agente Aika P4-19 R$ 7,00 Ah! Megami-Sama P5-14/P6-10 R$ 28,00 Ah! Megami-Sama - Mini-Goddess P3-16 R$ 7,00 Aho Girl P8-16 R$ 7,00 Ai Mai Mi P7-15 R$ 7,00 Ai No Kusabi P4-13 R$ 7,00 Ai Tenchi Muyo P7-30 R$ 13,00 Página 1 Planilha1 Ai Yori Aoshi P6-16 R$ 20,00 AIKA R-16 Virgin Mission P6-07 R$ 7,00 AiKa Zero P6-07 R$ 7,00 Air Gear P5-25 -
Zodiac Animal Masks
LUNAR NEW YEAR ZODIAC ANIMAL MASKS INTRODUCTION ESTIMATED TIME The Year of the Ox falls on February 12 this year. 15–20 minutes The festival is celebrated in East Asia and Southeast Asia and is also known as Chun Jié (traditional Chinese: 春節; simplified Chinese:春节 ), or the Spring MATERIALS NEEDED Festival, as it marks the arrival of the season on the lunisolar calendar. • Chart (on the next page) to find your birth year and corresponding zodiac animal The Chinese Zodiac, known as 生肖, is based on a • Zodiac animal mask templates twelve-year cycle. Each year in that cycle is correlated to an animal sign. These signs are the rat, ox, tiger, • Printer rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, • Colored pencils, markers, crayons, and/or pens and pig. It is calculated according to the Chinese Lunar • Scissors calendar. It is believed that a person’s zodiac animal offers insights about their personality, and the events • Hole punch in his or her life may be correlated to the supposed • String influence of the person’s particular position in the twelve-year zodiac cycle. Use the directions below to teach your little ones STEPS how to create their own paper zodiac animal mask to 1. Using the Chinese zodiac chart on the next page, celebrate the Year of the Ox! find your birth year and correlating zodiac animal. 2. Print out the mask template of your zodiac animal. 3. Color your mask, cut it out, and use a hole punch and string to make it wearable. CHINESE ZODIAC CHART LUNAR NEW YEAR CHINESE ZODIAC YEAR OF THE RAT YEAR OF THE OX YEAR OF THE TIGER 1972 • 1984 • 1996 • 2008 1973 • 1985 • 1997 • 2009 1974 • 1986 • 1998 • 2010 Rat people are very popular. -
340336 1 En Bookbackmatter 251..302
A List of Historical Texts 《安禄山事迹》 《楚辭 Á 招魂》 《楚辭注》 《打馬》 《打馬格》 《打馬錄》 《打馬圖經》 《打馬圖示》 《打馬圖序》 《大錢圖錄》 《道教援神契》 《冬月洛城北謁玄元皇帝廟》 《風俗通義 Á 正失》 《佛说七千佛神符經》 《宮詞》 《古博經》 《古今圖書集成》 《古泉匯》 《古事記》 《韓非子 Á 外儲說左上》 《韓非子》 《漢書 Á 武帝記》 《漢書 Á 遊俠傳》 《和漢古今泉貨鑒》 《後漢書 Á 許升婁傳》 《黃帝金匱》 《黃神越章》 《江南曲》 《金鑾密记》 《經國集》 《舊唐書 Á 玄宗本紀》 《舊唐書 Á 職官志 Á 三平准令條》 《開元別記》 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 251 A.C. Fang and F. Thierry (eds.), The Language and Iconography of Chinese Charms, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1793-3 252 A List of Historical Texts 《開元天寶遺事 Á 卷二 Á 戲擲金錢》 《開元天寶遺事 Á 卷三》 《雷霆咒》 《類編長安志》 《歷代錢譜》 《歷代泉譜》 《歷代神仙通鑑》 《聊斋志異》 《遼史 Á 兵衛志》 《六甲祕祝》 《六甲通靈符》 《六甲陰陽符》 《論語 Á 陽貨》 《曲江對雨》 《全唐詩 Á 卷八七五 Á 司馬承禎含象鑒文》 《泉志 Á 卷十五 Á 厭勝品》 《勸學詩》 《群書類叢》 《日本書紀》 《三教論衡》 《尚書》 《尚書考靈曜》 《神清咒》 《詩經》 《十二真君傳》 《史記 Á 宋微子世家 Á 第八》 《史記 Á 吳王濞列傳》 《事物绀珠》 《漱玉集》 《說苑 Á 正諫篇》 《司馬承禎含象鑒文》 《私教類聚》 《宋史 Á 卷一百五十一 Á 志第一百四 Á 輿服三 Á 天子之服 皇太子附 后妃之 服 命婦附》 《宋史 Á 卷一百五十二 Á 志第一百五 Á 輿服四 Á 諸臣服上》 《搜神記》 《太平洞極經》 《太平廣記》 《太平御覽》 《太上感應篇》 《太上咒》 《唐會要 Á 卷八十三 Á 嫁娶 Á 建中元年十一月十六日條》 《唐兩京城坊考 Á 卷三》 《唐六典 Á 卷二十 Á 左藏令務》 《天曹地府祭》 A List of Historical Texts 253 《天罡咒》 《通志》 《圖畫見聞志》 《退宮人》 《萬葉集》 《倭名类聚抄》 《五代會要 Á 卷二十九》 《五行大義》 《西京雜記 Á 卷下 Á 陸博術》 《仙人篇》 《新唐書 Á 食貨志》 《新撰陰陽書》 《續錢譜》 《續日本記》 《續資治通鑑》 《延喜式》 《顏氏家訓 Á 雜藝》 《鹽鐵論 Á 授時》 《易經 Á 泰》 《弈旨》 《玉芝堂談薈》 《元史 Á 卷七十八 Á 志第二十八 Á 輿服一 儀衛附》 《雲笈七籖 Á 卷七 Á 符圖部》 《雲笈七籖 Á 卷七 Á 三洞經教部》 《韻府帬玉》 《戰國策 Á 齊策》 《直齋書錄解題》 《周易》 《莊子 Á 天地》 《資治通鑒 Á 卷二百一十六 Á 唐紀三十二 Á 玄宗八載》 《資治通鑒 Á 卷二一六 Á 唐天寶十載》 A Chronology of Chinese Dynasties and Periods ca. -
Year of the Snake News No
Year of the Snake News No. 6 June 2013 www.yearofthesnake.org Snakes of Narrow Habitats by Andrew M. Durso known! Known to the native people Thermophis baileyi, of Tibet for centuries, hot-spring one of two species of snakes were first discovered in 1907 Tibetan Hot-springs by Lieutenant F. Bailey, after whom Snake, the highest snake in the world, a one of the two species was named. In native of the Tibetan 2008 a second species of Thermophis Plateau. Photo by Kai was discovered and named Wang. Thermophis zhaoermii for preeminent Chinese herpetologist Zhao Ermi. One reason we know only a little about Thermophis is its high mountain habitat. Most of the Many snake species are habitat spending your whole life in one! mountain ranges in China run east- generalists, such as the familiar North Now imagine being the size of a west, but the Hengduan Mountains, American ratsnakes, Australian pencil and unable to regulate your where Hot-spring Snakes are found, tiger snakes, and European grass own body temperature, and you’re stretch north-south (the name snakes. However, some snakes are doing a pretty good approximation ‘‘Hengduan” means ‘‘to transect” so specialized, it’s hard to believe. of a Tibetan Hot-spring Snake and ‘‘cut downward” in Chinese). Here, I’ll profile a few of the most (Thermophis). These tiny snakes Parallel north-south sub-ranges of specialized snakes (in terms of reach only 2.5 feet (76 cm) in the Hengduans are separated by habitat) on Earth. length and are found at elevations deep river valleys through which flow the famous Three Parallel Hot-spring Snakes above 14,000 feet (4267 m) on the Tibetan plateau in south-central Rivers: the Nujiang (Salween), Everyone likes a good soak in a hot China, higher than any other snake Lantsang (Mekong), and Jinshajiang spring now and again, but imagine continued on p. -
Chinese New Year Handout
Your name: ______________________________________________ Your PSU User ID: _________________________________________ This could be your lucky year! I don’t know how difficult it will be to do this, but the first person to bring a completed game card to the library will win a Celebrating the Chinese New Year week of free lunches at The Bistro (maximum value $50)! An Information Literacy Event Find a Penn State York student, faculty, or staff member born under each Wednesday, February 18, 2015 Zodiac sign and fill in the chart below. All information will be verified! All first-year students also receive 25 ConnectED points for each signature, so please hand in your form even if you haven’t found 12 people! Follow ConnectED on Facebook for updates! Happy New Year! Zodiac sign Signature Printed name PSU User ID RAT OX 2015 TIGER RABBIT DRAGON SNAKE HORSE Is it the year of the Goat, GOAT the Sheep, or the Ram? Be nice-give them something red! No one is quite sure, but it doesn’t seem to really MONKEY matter. The Chinese word (yáng) is more of a generic term which can refer to any of the above ROOSTER animals, so you may see 2015 associated with any one of these three! DOG Chinese New Year PIG February 19, 2015 The Animals of the Chinese Zodiac Yin and Yang The concept of Yin and Yang also affects the Chinese Zodiac. The 12 animals of the Chinese Zodiac are in a set order, beginning with the rat. The Yin or Yang of each animal is determined by the number of toes, hoofs, or claws that each has. -
Venomous Nonvenomous Snakes of Florida
Venomous and nonvenomous Snakes of Florida PHOTOGRAPHS BY KEVIN ENGE Top to bottom: Black swamp snake; Eastern garter snake; Eastern mud snake; Eastern kingsnake Florida is home to more snakes than any other state in the Southeast – 44 native species and three nonnative species. Since only six species are venomous, and two of those reside only in the northern part of the state, any snake you encounter will most likely be nonvenomous. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission MyFWC.com Florida has an abundance of wildlife, Snakes flick their forked tongues to “taste” their surroundings. The tongue of this yellow rat snake including a wide variety of reptiles. takes particles from the air into the Jacobson’s This state has more snakes than organs in the roof of its mouth for identification. any other state in the Southeast – 44 native species and three nonnative species. They are found in every Fhabitat from coastal mangroves and salt marshes to freshwater wetlands and dry uplands. Some species even thrive in residential areas. Anyone in Florida might see a snake wherever they live or travel. Many people are frightened of or repulsed by snakes because of super- stition or folklore. In reality, snakes play an interesting and vital role K in Florida’s complex ecology. Many ENNETH L. species help reduce the populations of rodents and other pests. K Since only six of Florida’s resident RYSKO snake species are venomous and two of them reside only in the northern and reflective and are frequently iri- part of the state, any snake you en- descent. -
Mao's Bestiary
Mao’s Bestiary Medicinal Animals and Modern China / Liz P. Y. Chee Mao’s Bestiary Mao’s experimental futures Technological lives, scienTific arTs, anThropological voices A series edited by Michael M. J. Fischer and Joseph Dumit Bestiary Medicinal Animals and Modern China / Liz P. Y. Chee duke universiTy press durham and london 2021 © 2021 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Aimee C. Harrison Typeset in Portrait Text by Westchester Publishing Ser vices Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Chee, Liz P. Y., [date] author. Title: Mao’s bestiary : medicinal animals and modern China / Liz P. Y. Chee. Other titles: Experimental futures. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2021. | Series: Experi- mental futures | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2020031117 (print) lccn 2020031118 (ebook) isbn 9781478011903 (hardcover) isbn 9781478014041 (paperback) isbn 9781478021353 (ebook) Subjects: lcsh: Materia medica, Animal— China. | Pharmacognosy— China. | Animals— Therapeutic use— China. | Traditional medicine. Classification: lcc rs162 .c445 2021 (print) | lcc rs162 (ebook) | ddc 615.3/60951— dc23 lc rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2020031117 lc ebook rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2020031118 To my “ uncle” and cat contents Acknowl edgments / ix Introduction / 1 1 “Abandon Chinese Medicine, Retain Chinese Drugs” Creating a State Phar ma ceu ti cal Sector / 27 2 “To Learn -
Dana Scott Bourgerie Office Tel.: (801) 422-4952 E-Mail: [email protected] Website
Dana Scott Bourgerie Office Tel.: (801) 422-4952 e-mail: [email protected] Website: http://bourgerie.byu.edu EDUCATION THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Columbus, Ohio. Ph.D. East Asian Languages and Literatures. 1990. Thesis: A Quantitative Study of Sociolinguistic Variation in Cantonese. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Columbus, Ohio. M.A. East Asian Languages and Literatures. 1987. Thesis: Particles of Uncertainty: a Discourse Approach to the Cantonese Final Particle. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Minneapolis, Minnesota. B.A. Linguistics and Chinese, Minor in French. 1982. ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE DEPARTMENT CHAIR. (June 2015-present). Asian and Near Eastern Languages, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. DIRECTOR. (January 2016-present). Cambodia Oral History Project. Humanities Center, BYU College of Humanities. VISITING PROFESSOR. (Fall 2014). Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia. College of Education. PROFESSOR. (2010-Present). Asian and Near Eastern Languages. Brigham Young University. DIRECTOR, NATIONAL CHINESE FLAGSHIP CENTER at Brigham Young University. Center for Language Studies and College of Humanities. (September 2002- August 2013). (National Security Education Program Grant). ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR. (1997-2010). Asian and Near Eastern Languages. Brigham Young University. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR. (1991-1997). Asian and Near Eastern Languages. Brigham Young University. LECTURER. (1990-91). Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures/The Center for Comparative Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. RESEARCH ASSOCIATE. (3/89-6/90). East Asian Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. VISITING SCHOLAR. (1988-1989) Department of Anthropology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. LECTURER. (Winter and Fall terms 1988). Department of Languages, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong. PRINCIPAL INSTRUCTOR/TEACHING ASSOCIATE. (1983-1987). East Asian Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. -
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