Finding Aid to the KDSU-FM Records
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Home Finding Aid to the KDSU-FM Records KDSU-FM KDSU-FM records, 1954-1999 17 linear ft. History Scope and Content Box and Folder List OVERVIEW Access: The collection is open under the rules and regulations of the University Archives. Provenance: University transfer. Property rights: The University Archives owns the property rights to this collection. Copyrights: Copyrights to this collection remain with the University Archives. Citation: [Identification of item]. KDSU-FM Records, University Archives, North Dakota State University, Fargo. HISTORY During the summer and fall of 1922, members of the Engineering Department at North Dakota Agricultural College (NDAC), built a 50 watt transmitter as an experiment. On December 14, 1922, the station was granted a federal broadcast license to operate at 834 kc on the AM band and use 250 watts for an "unlimited time." The call letters of WPAK were assigned and a regular schedule of broadcasts, programming three times each week during the evening hours, was begun in March 1923. During that year, the station's frequency was moved twice, ending up at 1090 kc with 50 watts of power. Lacking financial resources to increase KDSU-FM Records Page 2 of 28 power and improve programming equal to that being provided by commercial stations, the College allowed the license to expire on November 24, 1926. Since commercial stations in Fargo were developing listening audiences and reaching out into the station, the NDAC entered into an agreement to buy time from WDAY. By 1930, NDAC was presenting programming five times a week. The College edited its "Farm Flashes," sending them throughout the state as well as having them aired on WDAY, and at the same time presented a program entitled "Educational." Radio returned to the campus in 1952 when KDSC was established as a "carrier current" station. Carrier current stations use the electric wiring of a building or facility as a transmitting antenna. The resulting signal is weak and prone to interference. And while it can be received within the building, it does not extend very far outside the building. The KDSC studios were built in a corner of the Speech Department. A program schedule that included popular music, news, sports and campus interviews aired from 5 to 7 p.m. Monday through Friday. When plans for a new Student Union were drawn, space was set aside for the station. Equipment was built for the new studios, where the station operated until 1964. It was also during this time that the call letters KDSU were first used. Problems with the carrier current station began to emerge in the early 1960s. The station was closed in March 1964 and a committee formed to address two main concerns. The first was how to get equipment so that the station would be picked up outside the dorms. KDSU was still a carrier current station and only some buildings were covered by transmitters. Newer dorms on campus, with their steel frames, could not receive the station. The second concern was to improve programming. To address the first concern, KDSU returned to the air in 1966, broadcasting at 91.9 MHz on the relatively new FM band with a power of 1,250 watts. The schedule was limited, reflecting the limited staff. Only two full-time staff in the new Educational Broadcasting Department at NDSU supplemented the student staff. Each weekday at 4 p.m., KDSU presented an hour of classical music, followed by an hour of jazz and an hour of instrumental "dinner" music. A variety of programs aired beginning at 7 p.m. with an evening concert from 9 p.m. until the station signed off the air at 11 p.m. The station became a member of the new National Public Radio network in the mid-1970s, increasing its full-time staff to five and gradually expanding its programming to 18 hours a day. Throughout the 1970s, that programming took the "smorgasbord" approach, offering something for every taste. Mornings began with light jazz, continued with folk music and ended with more jazz. The afternoons featured children's drama, classical music and news. Evenings might offer the listener classical music, opera, folk music, blues or jazz, with "Music for a Late Ones," rock and roll by request, until sign off. The station continued to evolve. To reach a larger audience with a more consistent service, KDSU adopted its weekday format of news and jazz in January 1981. Some of the folk and specialty programming was moved to the weekends. The needs of an even larger audience were met with an increase in KDSU's broadcast power in 1982. KDSU moved its antenna from the NDSU campus to the KDSU-FM Records Page 3 of 28 Prairie Public Broadcasting tower in Amenia, ND, allowing the station to increase its broadcast power from 1,250 watts to 100,000 watts. Over the years, KDSU grew from a broadcast service for the NDSU campus to NDSU's broadcast service to the Fargo-Moorhead community as well as the eastern third of North Dakota. And over the years, several people have played important roles in that growth. C.H. Logan served as KDSU's general manager until 1980. He was replaced by Mark Poindexter in 1980. John Tilton served as program director from 1969 to 1984. In the later 1990s, the staff included, General Manager Roger Grimm, Budget Supervisor/Membership Coordinator Lynn Brekke, Chief Engineer James Hetland, Development Director Paula Larsen, News Director Richard Mattern, and Arts/News Producer/Reporter Karen Severtsen. Also critical to the operation of the station were part-time students and community contributors to programming. KDSU 91.9 FM broadcast from 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. weekdays and 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. weekends, 365 days a year. The station programmed news, jazz, and blues on weekdays, adding new age music, Hispanic, Irish and traditional folk and world music on Saturday and Sunday. Adult alternative and college alternative music aired nightly. Of all the programming heard on KDSU, approximately 75 percent was locally produced by staff and community contributors. While also available through outside network sources, the station maintained its own film, theater and book reviewers and community commentators. Much of the music programming also relied on the expertise and material provided by individuals from outside the staff. [History excerpted from: http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/kdsu/about.htm (10/4/99)] On February 1, 1999 KDSU and KUND (University of North Dakota’s station) along with five stations of Prairie Public Radio merged under the management of Prairie Public and became North Dakota Public Radio. KDSU ceased function as an independent college radio station. SCOPE AND CONTENT All series within the KDSU Records are arranged chronologically, unless otherwise noted. There are really three major groupings within these records: paper and print records, cassettes, and reel-to-reels. At this time no migration schedule has been set-up to insure the integrity and usability of the cassettes or reel-to-reels. In 1953 the Board form of student government replaced the Commissions. The Boards included: Board of Radio, Board of National Student Associations, Board of Campus Affairs, Board of Athletics, Memorial Union Board of directors, Board of Finance, Board of Music and Public Programs, Board of Publications. The minutes of the Board of Radio start on January 14, 1954 and run May 1, 1961. The Commission form of government was reestablished and the minutes of the Commission of Radio run from October 3, 1961 through September 16, 1965. The Station Background and Objectives provide a glimpse of the operation in the 1980s. KDSU-FM Records Page 4 of 28 The Operating Manuals/Handbook series (1955-1997) assisted new employees in the learning the operations of the station. General Correspondence and Memos (1954-1989) are in chronological order and Topical Correspondence (1966-1995) is in alphabetical order. The Community Advisory Board/Advisory Board provided a consulting role in reviewing station programming goals and advised on the management of the station. The series (1979-1997) consists of by- laws, meeting minutes, recommendations, retreats, and correspondence. The North Dakota Public Radio series (1997-1998) deals with the creation of North Dakota Public Radio, its focus and purpose and its absorption of KDSU. Early financial records consist of three record books (1959-1963, 1965-1966, 1966-1967). Beginning in 1976, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) Annual Financial Reports and Information Surveys (1976-1998) provided detailed financial information on all funding, as well as certification of an independent auditor. Ascertainment (1981-1995) files - meetings and methods used to ascertain how the community was being served by the radio station. Arbitron (1974, 1976-1996) reports - audience estimates for station within primary signal area. Annual Surveys (1969-1999), which includes: NAEB Annual Non-commercial Radio Survey, CPB Annual Public Radio Survey, CPB Information Survey, and CPB Station Activities Survey cover information on station personnel, programming, finances, and audience. Listener and Member Surveys (1978, 1981-1985, 1987-1993, c.1995) deal with demographics of listening population and radio tastes of those who returned surveys. CPB Community Service Grants (1971-1978, 1984, 1987) wee financial awards in support and promotion of public broadcasting. Criteria for and specific award details are delineated in applications and awards. FCC & EEO reports (1967-1989 - gaps) are mandated by federal regulation and law and are self- explanatory. Program Guides (1966 - January, 1999 [gaps]) are monthly listings of the radio station offerings. Advertising includes: Tear Sheets (1973-1976, 1977-1998), which are print advertisements for the station, specific programs sponsored or broadcast by the station, or stories about the station; as well as concert information, art work, awards, university news releases, bumper stickers, postcards, and posters.