DOCSLIB.ORG

Managing Public Records in Zimbabwe: the Road to Good Governance, Accountability, Transparency and Effective Service Delivery

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Managing Public Records in Zimbabwe: the Road to Good Governance, Accountability, Transparency and Effective Service Delivery Forget Chaterera Managing public records in Zimbabwe: the road to good governance, accountability, transparency and effective service delivery Forget Chaterera 1. Introduction Department of Records and Archives, Public records are important as they help National University of Science and the responsible authorities to uphold the Technology and Department of Information rule of law and to demonstrate good Science, University of South Africa governance through fair and equal treatment [email protected] of citizens. The availability of records Abstract enables the public to hold officials accountable for their actions and it enhances The ability by government departments to attain service delivery particularly in such sectors effective service delivery, accountability and good as health, education, pensions, land, and governance is largely determined by their records judicial rights. This means that records are management practices. Delays and failure to access critical to the several aspects of the services due to missing or misplaced records from governance process. In this regard, records public institutions is a common challenge in management can be labeled the road to Zimbabwe. In organisations where records are not accountability, transparency, good properly managed, business operations are crippled governance and improved service delivery. and the rights of citizens will be compromised. As such, this paper examines the status quo in The concept of accountability refers to the Zimbabwe’s government ministries regarding the legal and reporting framework, basic requirements in records management. The basic organisational structure, strategy, procedures concepts covered in this paper pertain to the issues of and actions that a government follows to retention and disposal schedules, registry procedures help ensure that a government is held manuals, disaster preparedness, records management responsible for its actions (Lindberg, 2009). training, electronic records management and records Evans (2008) notes that accountability is the inspections by the National Archives of Zimbabwe willingness by a government to accept the (NAZ). The underlying principle for this paper is responsibility of its actions and decisions. As that public records management units require such, accountability can be perceived to be effective records management practices for the central to the democratic theory as attainment of improved public service delivery, good democracy has been attested to necessitate governance, accountability and transparency. A accountability. Blagescu et al. (2005) qualitative approach that used interviews, content indicates that accountability is when a analysis and questionnaires was used to gather data government is open to the populace and for the study. The overall results showed that public makes available the relevant information to service delivery is at risk due to inadequate records enable the people to meaningfully contribute management practices in the public sector. To that to ongoing national dialogues and debates. effect, an improved working relationship between Accountability therefore refers to the NAZ and public departments is encouraged. obligation that public officials have of providing information, explanations and KEYWORDS: Accountability, good justifications for their performance in the governance, records management, service execution of their functions (Cendon, 1999). delivery, transparency, Zimbabwe JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIETY OF ARCHIVISTS, VOL. 49, 2016 | SASA © 116 Forget Chaterera In this paper, accountability refers to the government can put in place to bring about ability by a government to be answerable this sense of trust is to ensure that public and responsible for its actions, decisions, records are available and accessible. Good policies and products. The appropriate records management is the tool that can be management of public sector records helps used to ensure the effective availability and in fostering accountability in that records accessibility of public records. provide a reliable, legally verifiable source of evidence of decisions and actions. Effective service delivery is when a Governments may not be able to justify government recognizes citizens as its clients their actions with little or no reference to and strives to provide fast, accessible and past performance or future goals; hence the good quality services (Eigema, 2007). In this need for sound records management paper, effective service delivery refers to the practices in government departments. ability by a public institution to render the Accountability in a government is promoted services sought by a people on time without by transparency. delays that are usually a result of missing and or misplaced files. Records represent an Transparency is a powerful force that can be important and critical source of information applied to fight corruption, improve that is needed by public offices to be able to governance and promote accountability serve the people. The ability by government (Lindberg, 2009). It includes the obligation departments to attain effective service to provide public access to information delivery rests on the accessibility and about the government and the ability by a usability of the information contained in government to evaluate its performance, records. As such, the failure by a public policies and practice in consultation with office to manage its records leads to members of the public (Blagescu et al., inefficiency and difficulties in executing 2005). Transparency therefore means that their expected duties which include serving decisions taken and their enforcement are the people. done in a manner that follows rules and regulations. It also means that information is Accountability and transparency are two freely available and directly accessible to important elements of good governance in those who will be affected by such decisions that good governance is based on openness and their enforcement (O'Reilly, 2009). In and comprehensive stakeholder engagement the same vein, Ginsberg et al (2012) (Lindberg, 2009, O'Reilly, 2009). Good indicates that transparency is the disclosure governance is the process of decision of government information and its use by making and the process by which decisions the public. The end result of transparency is are implemented or not implemented. It is accountability. the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic In the context of this paper, transparency is and social resources for development when a government is open about its actions (O'Reilly, 2009). Similarly, Walter et al. and ready to engage with the citizenry for (2006) asserts that good governance is the their views, comments and input. The ability transparent and accountable management of by a government to engage with the human, natural, economic and financial populace inculcates in people confidence resources for the purposes of equitable and and a sense of trust towards their sustainable development. The characteristics government. Amongst the measures that a of good governance are participatory, JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIETY OF ARCHIVISTS, VOL. 49, 2016 | SASA © 117 Forget Chaterera consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive (O'Reilly, 2009). Figure 1 demonstrates the relationship of the key concepts that are covered in this study. Figure 1: 2. Historical background Figure 1 shows that accountability, With the coming of the colonial transparency and service delivery are all administration of the British South Africa aspects of good governance which can be Company (BSAC) in the 1890s, Zimbabwe attained through acceptable records moved from oral record keeping to formal management. record keeping in the form of written records (Tough and Lihoma, 2012, Tough, In ascertaining the status of records 2009). The colonial administration brought a management in Zimbabwe’s government starting point for the country’s record departments, the study investigated into keeping system which unfortunately was some of the fundamental aspects of records incompatible with the country’s oral record management. The issues covered pertain to keeping systems. The effects of this records procedures manuals, disaster challenge have remained lingering in today’s management plans, retention and disposal record keeping practices as witnessed by so schedules, electronic records management, many inadequacies that are seemingly records management training and records inherent in most government departments. inspections by the National Archives of It is however crucial to acknowledge that at Zimbabwe (NAZ). least the colonial rule provided a foundation on which Zimbabwe established a formal record keeping system that can be improved JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIETY OF ARCHIVISTS, VOL. 49, 2016 | SASA © 118 Forget Chaterera to support accountability, transparency and records before they were inspected by a good governance in the country. government archivist (Matangira, 2014, p. 6). The records that were not sent to Record keeping in Zimbabwe (then known London and remained in the country were as Southern Rhodesia) during the colonial not properly cared for and were haphazardly period was inadequate compared to that of destroyed. To this effect, Zimbabwe lost Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) and some crucial part of its documentary Nyasaland (now Malawi). Public records heritage. The increased concern among the were
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Products and Services Catalogue Digital Archive Services National Archives Service Organization
    Products and Services Catalogue Digital archive services National Archives Service Organization Version 1.0 Date 11-1-2018 Status Final Disclaimer: this English version is a translation of the original in Dutch for information purposes only. In case of a discrepancy, the Dutch original will prevail. Final | PDC Digital archive services | 11-1-2018 Contents 1 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES CATALOGUE ................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 PURPOSE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 TARGET GROUP ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 POSITION OF THE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES CATALOGUE ................................................................................................. 4 1.4 STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 2 OUTSOURCED RECORDS MANAGEMENT AND TRANSFERRED INFORMATION OBJECTS ................................... 6 2.1 OUTSOURCED RECORDS MANAGEMENT........................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 TRANSFERRED INFORMATION OBJECTS ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Registered Papers of the Chief Secretary's Office'
    ‘The Registered Papers of the Chief Secretary’s Office’ Tom Quinlan, Archivist, National Archives Journal of the Irish Society for Archives, Autumn 1994 The Registered Papers of the Chief Secretary’s Office consist of two main archival series covering the years 1818 to 1924, together with a number of sub-series of shorter date span within this period: They provide the researcher with valuable primary source material for research into Irish history during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The collection, which forms part of the Irish state papers, is now in the custody of the National Archives and is stored on site at its premises on Bishop Street in Dublin. There is a distinction between archives we describe as state papers and those we call public records which is not always articulated and hence tends to remain vaguely understood, The distinction has its basis in developments in England where the records created by the courts, by commissions of enquiry, and by public offices and boards were regarded as being of a public nature, whereas the records of secretaries of state were viewed as the semi-private papers of a government minister and, as such, were not deemed to be in the public domain. This distinction was given legislative expression in both Ireland and Britain by their respective nineteenth century public records Acts, which preserved and rendered available to the public legal and court records, but which did not extend to the records of secretaries of state or government ministers. (1) Irish state papers are the accumulated documents received or created by the offices of state which, until the termination of direct rule of Ireland by England in 1922, composed the Irish executive, headed by the chief governor of Ireland, and included the Privy Seal Office, the Privy Council Office and the Chief Secretary's Office.
    [Show full text]
  • Preferred Formats National Archives of the Netherlands in View of Sustainable Accessibility
    Preferred formats National Archives of the Netherlands In view of sustainable accessibility Version 1.0, November 2016 Contents Contents—2 1 Introduction—3 2 Why preferred formats?—6 Archival regulation: ‘open unless...’—6 Management and availability: easier with minimal diversity—6 Open standards and interoperability: as few obstacles as possible—7 3 Preferred formats and acceptable formats—8 Summary of referred formats and acceptable formats—8 Overview preferred formats including substantiation—8 Overview of acceptable formats including substantiation—10 Appendix 1: Archival regulation—12 Appendix 2: Dutch Standardisation Forum and open standards—14 What are open standards?—14 Why open standards?—14 Interoperability and supplier independence—14 Publishing details—15 Page 2 van 15 1 Introduction The National Archives’ e-Depot can receive, sustainably store and make available digital information in a variety of forms and formats. But in light of digital sustainability, the National Archives has a number of preferred formats for the information supplied by the legal caretakers. This document describes those preferred formats and provides a substantiation for their use. This allows custodians to take sustainable accessibility into account from the inception of their information. Context and cause The document Preferred formats of the National Archives is an elaboration of its Preservation Policy. The Preservation Policy describes the overall policy for preservation, i.e. the way in which the National Archives keeps the digital information it manages authentic and useable. In addition to Preferred formats, the Preservation Policy is elaborated upon in other documents.1 Figure 1 depicts the components of the National Archives’ preservation policy. Preservation policy Policy (what) Strategy and Strategies and standards standards (why which choices) Information types Preferred formats Technical Registry Preservation Watch Essential characteristics (Monitor Designated Community & Technology), incl.
    [Show full text]
  • Vatican Secret Diplomacy This Page Intentionally Left Blank Charles R
    vatican secret diplomacy This page intentionally left blank charles r. gallagher, s.j. Vatican Secret Diplomacy joseph p. hurley and pope pius xii yale university press new haven & london Disclaimer: Some images in the printed version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook. Copyright © 2008 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Set in Scala and Scala Sans by Duke & Company, Devon, Pennsylvania. Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gallagher, Charles R., 1965– Vatican secret diplomacy : Joseph P. Hurley and Pope Pius XII / Charles R. Gallagher. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-300-12134-6 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Hurley, Joseph P. 2. Pius XII, Pope, 1876–1958. 3. World War, 1939–1945— Religious aspects—Catholic Church. 4. Catholic Church—Foreign relations. I. Title. BX4705.H873G35 2008 282.092—dc22 [B] 2007043743 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Com- mittee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my father and in loving memory of my mother This page intentionally left blank contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 A Priest in the Family 8 2 Diplomatic Observer: India and Japan, 1927–1934 29 3 Silencing Charlie: The Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • The Practice of Military History in France from 1989 to 1992
    The practice of military history in France from 1989 to 1992 The period involved corresponds to the one covered in volume XIV of the Bibliographie internationale d'histoire militaire, (International Bibliography of Military History). To make the introductory text easier to read the lists of publications, lectures, conferences etc. have been placed in the appendices. These lists are not exhaustive. RESEARCH The research tools and the published texts which assist research and often shape it are produced by the Archives Nationales (National Archives) and the Archives of the Departements (Tr: approximately equivalent to counties), the Archives of Ministere des Affaires etrangeres (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and the Archives of the three historic services: the Army, the Air Force and the Navy. LES ARCHIVES NATIONALES (The National Archives) To complete the Etat general des fonds (General Guide to Archival Collec- tions)', an Etat general des inventaires, (General Guide to Inventories) has been published, which presents «a complete picture of all the documentary resources in the Archives nationales ». Volume II, published in 1991 z, covers the French Revolution, the First World War and the beginning of the Second World War. The description of the holdings is preceded by a general biblio- graphic guide to the period 1789-1940 (p. 20)3. The inventory of the Rapports du ministre de la guerre de 1'an VIII a 1814 (Reports of the Minister of War from the Year VIII to 1814)4 - the reports are lYanslator's general note This text is, to a large extent, a series of references to archives and publications in France, and for that reason it appears necessary to retain the original titles of institutions, collections and publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Report- Nokuthula
    THE OPPOSITIONAL ARCHIVE IN ZIMBABWE: THE CASE OF THE GUKURAHUNDI MASSACRE NOKUTHULA DORCAS ZINYENGERE A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Heritage Studies. July 2011 i DEDICATION To my parents ii DECLARATION I declare that the content of this project is my original work unless otherwise acknowledged or referenced. It has not been previously submitted for any diploma, degree or examination at this University or any other learning institution. It is being submitted for the degree of Master of Arts at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. N.D. Zinyengere ___ day of iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deepest gratitude goes to my supervisors Prof Cynthia Kros, Mathias Fubah Alubafi and Michele Pickover for their patient corrections, suggestions and encouragement, throughout the time this research report was prepared. Many thanks also go to all the people I interviewed. I would also like to thank my parents for their encouragement and support, and for all the sacrifices they have made to bring me to this stage. Finally, my deep appreciation goes to my brothers Nkosinathi, Nkulumo and colleague Deigratia, for always inspiring and believing in me. iv ABSTRACT This report will examine the operations of the National Archives of Zimbabwe, the National Archives of Zimbabwe Act of 1986 (Chapter 25:06), current legislation on access of official records and other factors that prevent access to official records such as those on the Gukurahundi massacre. The report also examines what the Gukurahundi massacre was about, and how we know what we know about the massacre.
    [Show full text]
  • National Archives of the Netherlands Preservation Policy
    Preservation policy Preservation policy of the National Archives of the Netherlands | 24 November 2015 Contents Preservation policy 1 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Preservation 4 1.2 The National Archives 5 1.2.1 Challenges 5 1.2.2 NA’s mission 5 1.2.3 The NA Collection 5 1.2.4 Objective 6 1.2.5 Scope 6 1.2.6 Target group 7 1.2.7 Accountability, audit and review 7 1.2.8 Standards 8 2 Policy frameworks 9 2.1.1 Core 9 2.1.2 Responsibilities 9 2.1.3 The Framework of legislation and regulations concerning archives 10 3 Implementation of the preservation policy of the National Archives 11 3.1 Aim 11 3.1.1 Application of the OAIS model 11 3.1.2 Quality level of preservation 12 3.1.3 Cost model 12 3.1.4 Certification 12 3.1.5 Continuity 12 3.1.6 Open Data 12 3.2 Organization 12 3.2.1 Connection requirements 12 3.2.2 Submission agreement 12 3.2.3 Designated community 12 3.2.4 Open source and open standards 13 3.2.5 Metadata model 13 3.2.6 File formats and essential characteristics 13 3.2.7 Automation 14 3.2.8 Compression 14 3.2.9 Autonomy of use 14 3.2.10 Encryption and access rights 14 3.2.11 Digital signature 14 3.2.12 Technical and functional management 14 3.3 Implementation 15 3.3.1 Pre-ingest 15 3.3.2 Ingest 16 3.3.3 Storage 17 3.3.4 Data management 17 3.3.5 Preservation planning 17 3.3.6 Access 19 3.3.7 Administration 19 Page 2 of 32 Preservation policy of the National Archives of the Netherlands | 24 November 2015 4 Appendices 20 4.1 OAIS Definitions 20 4.2 Other Definitions 25 4.3 The Service Organization 27 4.4 Orderly and accessible condition
    [Show full text]
  • Download National Archives of the Netherlands Template Decision
    Decision document on digital archives to be transferred or outsourced. This decision document sets out the agreements concerning the processing of a digital archival fonds, that are a precondition for its transfer (Dutch: “overbrengen”) or outsourced records management (Dutch: “uitplaatsen”). After the records have been transferred or outsourced, this document will serve as an assessment tool to check whether all of the agreements have been met. This document is maintained by the National Archives of the Netherlands and will be updated annually. For questions about the decision document, please contact our contact centre. Disclaimer: this English version is a translation of the original in Dutch for information purposes only. In case of a discrepancy, the Dutch original will prevail. Subject Legal caretaker: Name of legal caretaker Abbreviated name of archival fonds: Abbreviated name of archival fonds Period of archival fonds: Period of archival fonds Acquisition case number: DigiSam case number: Type of archive Government or private: Government / private / ZBO (‘Independent Administrative Body’): Transfer or outsourced Transfer / outsourced First connection to source system? Yes / no Version management of decision document Version Date Author Comments Status See Dutch version National Archives of the Netherlands template decision document v2. 1 Contact details and project roles 1.1 Commissioning party Name of legal caretaker: Name of legal caretaker Name of contact person: Name of contact person Position of contact person: Position of
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report and Accounts 2016-17
    ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2016-17 HC 117 Annual Report and Accounts of The National Archives 2016-17 including the Annual Report of the Advisory Council on National Records and Archives 2016-17 Annual Reports presented to Parliament pursuant to section 1(3) of the Public Records Act 1958 Accounts presented to the House of Commons pursuant to section 6(4) of the Government Resources and Accounts Act 2000 Accounts presented to the House of Lords by Command of Her Majesty Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 18 July 2017 HC 117 This is part of a series of departmental publications which, along with the Main Estimates 2016-17 and the document Public Expenditure: Statistical Analyses 2016, present the Government’s outturn for 2016-17 and planned expenditure for 2017-18. © Crown copyright 2017 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/ open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this document should be sent to us at: The National Archives Kew Richmond Surrey TW9 4DU +44 (0) 20 8876 3444 nationalarchives.gov.uk You can download this publication from our website at nationalarchives.gov.uk Print ISBN: 9781474144391 Web ISBN: 9781474144407 Printed in the UK by Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office ID: 02051709 07/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Front cover image: Teenagers in Carnaby Street, 1969 Catalogue reference: INF 14/147 4 Annual Report and Accounts 2016-17 Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Midlands State University
    MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY Collection development issues of oral history at the National Archives of Zimbabwe. By Paidamoyo Purity Ganda A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree BA (Archaeology, Cultural Heritage and Museum studies) In the Department of Archaeology, Cultural Heritage and Museum Studies NOVEMBER 2015 APPROVAL FORM The undersigned confirm that they have supervised, read and recommended to the Midlands State University for recognition a research project entitled, “Collection development issues of the oral history collection the National Archives of Zimbabwe”, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts degree in Archaeology, Cultural Heritage and Museum Studies, Midlands State University. Signature................................................ Date............................... Supervisor Signature............................................... Date............................... Chairperson Signature............................................... Date............................... External Examiner ii RELEASE FORM Name of author Paidamoyo Purity Ganda Registration number R114464W Dissertation Title A study of the collection development issues of Oral history at the National Archives of Zimbabwe. Degree programmeBA Honours in archaeology Cultural Heritage and Museum Studies Permission is hereby granted to Midlands State University to reproduce or publish this research if ever the institution deems it necessary. No reservations are held by the author against the
    [Show full text]
  • Government Records and Archives in France
    Confiscated Histories Access to ‘Sensitive’ Government Records and Archives in France Sonia Combe In France, the culture of secrecy continues to dominate access policies. The ac- ceptance of or resistance to this culture by various social actors, including gov- ernment officials, civil servants such as archivists, historians, independent scholars, and journalists, partly explains the historical tension between advo- cates of a more restrictive or liberal policy of access to government records deemed ‘sensitive’. Unlike the American case with its long-established right to access, in France, access to information is just starting to be considered a citi- zen’s right.1 Initial reactions to the first version of my book (1994) sparked a rather violent debate. In the controversy, most of the archivists and some in- fluential historians either denied or justified the difficulty of accessing so- called ‘sensitive archives’. Indeed, thanks to the ‘invisibility’ of this question until then, a book dedicated to the ‘Vichy Syndrome’, which had been pub- lished some years before, did not even mention this problem as evidence of France’s difficulties in facing the past.2 Since the American Revolution, the press has often played the role of the citi- zen’s watchdog and has earned the status as the unofficial fourth branch of government. In part, this tradition helps explain the consensus in favor of gov- ernment disclosure in the United States and the Freedom of Information Act (F.O.I.A.), which was enacted in 1966. F.O.I.A. did two things: it marked a vic- tory for the social actors who claimed open access as their civil right, and it set an example of transparency for other countries to emulate.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report and Accounts for 2019-2020
    2019-20 Annual Report and Accounts of The National Archives HC 402 Annual Report and Accounts of The National Archives 2019-20 Including the Annual Report of the Advisory Council on National Records and Archives 2019-20 Annual Reports presented to Parliament pursuant to section 1(3) of the Public Records Act 1958 Accounts presented to the House of Commons pursuant to section 6(4) of the Government Resources and Accounts Act 2000 Accounts presented to the House of Lords by Command of Her Majesty Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 21 July 2020 HC 402 This is part of a series of departmental publications which, along with the Main Estimates 2020-21 and the document Public Expenditure: Statistical Analyses 2019, present the government’s outturn for 2019-20 and planned expenditure for 2020-21. © Crown copyright 2020 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available on our website at nationalarchives.gov.uk and on GOV.UK www.gov.uk/official-documents. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us via our website. ISBN 978-1-5286-1954-7 CCS0520639394 07/20 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office The National Archives Annual Report and Accounts 2019-20 Preface About the Annual Report and Accounts of The National Archives: This document combines performance and financial data with analysis to help readers better understand our work.
    [Show full text]