DOCSLIB.ORG

FLINT CASTLE | CASTELL Y FFLINT Weltweit | Europa | Großbritannien | Region Nordwales | Flintshire | Flint

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FLINT CASTLE | CASTELL Y FFLINT Weltweit | Europa | Großbritannien | Region Nordwales | Flintshire | Flint | | News Burgen Literatur Links Exkursionen Forum Gastautoren Team FLINT CASTLE | CASTELL Y FFLINT Weltweit | Europa | Großbritannien | Region Nordwales | Flintshire | Flint Klicken Sie in das Bild, um es in voller Größe ansehen zu können! Die Burg in Flint liegt im äußersten Nordosten von Wales nahe der englischen Grenze. Sie ist die erste Anlage, die der englische König Edward I. in Wales erbauen ließ. Baubeginn war 1277. Eine Besonderheit der Burg ist ihr freistehender Keep (Bergfried). Vorbild für diese Form war vermutlich der ebenfalls freistehende Tour de Constance in Aigues-Mortes (Südfrankreich), von wo aus König Edward I. 1270 zu seinem Kreuzzug nach Palästina in See gestochen ist. Geografische Lage (GPS) WGS84: 53°15'6.12"N 3°7'47.64"W Höhe: 5 m ü. NN Topografische Karte/n nicht verfügbar Kontaktdaten k.A. Warnhinweise / Besondere Hinweise zur Besichtigung Hunde dürfen an der Leine mitgeführt werden. Auf dem Burggelände gilt ein Rauchverbot. Anfahrt mit dem PKW Die Autobahn M56 bis zum Ende fahren und von dort der A494 in Richtung Deeside folgen. Die A494 geht nach ein paar Kilometern in die A55, den North Wales Expressway, über. Diesem weiter bis zur Abfahrt Flint folgen und von dort aus in Richtung Stadtzentrum fahren. Im Ort ist der Weg zur Burg ausgeschildert. Kostenlose Parkplätze an der Burg. Anfahrt mit Bus oder Bahn k.A. Wanderung zur Burg k.A. Öffnungszeiten täglich: 10:00 - 16:00 Uhr geschlossen am 24., 25., 26. Dezember und am 01. Januar Bitte prüfen Sie hier die aktuellen Öffnungszeiten . Eintrittspreise kostenlos Bitte prüfen Sie hier die aktuellen Eintrittspreise . Einschränkungen beim Fotografieren und Filmen keine Beschränkung Gastronomie auf der Burg keine Öffentlicher Rastplatz k.A. Übernachtungsmöglichkeit auf der Burg keine Zusatzinformation für Familien mit Kindern Kinder dürfen erst ab 16 Jahre unbegleitet auf die Burg. Zugänglichkeit für Rollstuhlfahrer zugänglich Klicken Sie in das jeweilige Bild, um es in voller Größe ansehen zu können! 1277 Beginn des Baus von Flint Castle. Bauherr ist der englische König Edward I. 1282 Der Bau der Burg ist fast fertig. Die Fertigstellung des Donjons zieht sich jedoch bis 1286 hin. Im selben Jahr belagert der letzte walisische Fürst, Dafydd ap Gruffydd, die Burg, kann sie jedoch nicht einnehmen. 1311 König Edward II. weilt auf der Burg. 1399 Das wohl wichtigste Ereignis im Zusammenhang mit der Burg ist, daß sie König Richard II. als Zuflucht dient, als er nach der Rebellion seines Cousins Henry Bolingbroke aus Irland zurückgekehrt war. Richard II. ergab sich schließlich Bolingbroke und dankte zugunsten seines Gegenspielers ab. Diese Szene verewigte Shakespeare in seinem Drama Richard II. , in welchem die Burg Schauplatz der dritten Szene des dritten Aktes ist. 1646 Während des englischen Bürgerkriegs wird die Burg durch Royalisten unter dem Befehl von Roger Mostyn besetzt. Ab dem 1. Juni des Jahres werden die Royalisten auf der Burg durch parlamentarische Truppen unter General Thoman Mytton belagert. Diese Belagerung zieht sich fast drei Monate hin. Am 20. August ergeben sich die Royalisten und ihnen wird freier Abzug gewährt. 1647 Sprengung des großen Torhauses der Vorburg nach dem englischen Bürgerkrieg. 1652 Die Burg wird als ruinös beschrieben, nachdem sie zuvor als Steinbruch für die Stadt- und Landbewohner gedient hatte. Brown, R. Allen - Castles from the Air | Cambridge, 1989 | S. 117-118. Forde-Johnston, James - Great Medieval Castles of Britain | London, 1979. Fry, Plantagenet Somerset - Castles of Britain and Ireland | New York, 1996 | S. 306 Gascoigne, Christina - Castles of Britain | London, 1975. Johnson, Paul - Britisch Castles | London, 1978. Johnson, Paul - Castles of England, Scotland and Wales | London, 1997 (Paperback). Kenyon, John R. - Medieval Fortifications | London & New York, 1990. Kenyon, John R. - The Medieval Castles of Wales | Cardiff, 2010. Perfect, Vicky - Flint Castle | Cilcain, 2012. Phillips, Alan - Castles and Fortifications of Wales | 2011. Salter, Mike - The Castles of North Wales | Malvern, 1997. Tayloy, A. J. - The Welsh Castles of Edward I. | Hambledon & London 2003. The Automobile Association & The Wales Tourist Board (Hrsg.) - Castles in Wales | London, 1982. Toy, Sidney - Castles | New York, 1985 (Reprint). Flint Castle bei CADW Offizielle Webseite des walisischen Monument Service (englisch) Flint Castle bei Castles of Wales Private Webseite über die Burgen in Wales (englisch) Video: Beeindruckende 3D-Rekonstruktion von Flint Castle zurück nach oben | zurück zur letzten besuchten Seite Download diese Seite als PDF-Datei Alle Angaben ohne Gewähr! | Die Bilder auf dieser Webseite unterliegen dem Urheberrecht! | Letzte Aktualisierung dieser Seite: 15.08.2016 [OK] IMPRESSUM Gefällt mir 140 Folgen 148 Follower © 2016 Gefällt mir .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bangor University DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY Image and Reality In
    Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Image and Reality in Medieval Weaponry and Warfare: Wales c.1100 – c.1450 Colcough, Samantha Award date: 2015 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 24. Sep. 2021 BANGOR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HISTORY, WELSH HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY Note: Some of the images in this digital version of the thesis have been removed due to Copyright restrictions Image and Reality in Medieval Weaponry and Warfare: Wales c.1100 – c.1450 Samantha Jane Colclough Note: Some of the images in this digital version of the thesis have been removed due to Copyright restrictions [i] Summary The established image of the art of war in medieval Wales is based on the analysis of historical documents, the majority of which have been written by foreign hands, most notably those associated with the English court.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval, Bibliography 22/12/2003
    A Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales Select Bibliography, Northeast Wales Medieval A Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales East and Northeast Wales – Medieval, bibliography 22/12/2003 Adams. B. 1999. 'The Latin Epitaphs in Brecon Cathedral’. Brycheiniog 31. 31-42. Adams. M. 1988. Abbeycwmhir: a survey of the ruins. CPAT report 1. August 1988. Alban. J & Thomas. W S K. 1993. 'The charters of the borough of Brecon 1276- 1517’. Brycheiniog 25. 31-56. Alcock. L. 1961. 'Beili Bedw Farm. St Harmon’. Archaeology in Wales 1. 14-15. Alcock. L. 1962. 'St Harmon’. Archaeology in Wales 2. 18. Allcroft. A H. 1908. Earthwork of England. London. Anon. 1849. 'Account of Cwmhir Abbey. Radnorshire’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 4. 229-30. Anon. 1863. ‘Brut y Saeson (translation)’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 9. 59-67. Anon. 1884. ‘Inscription on a grave-stone in Llanwddyn churchyard’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 1. 245. Anon. 1884. 'Llanfechain. Montgomeryshire’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 1. 146. Anon. 1884. 'Nerquis. Flintshire’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 1. 247. Anon. 1884. ‘Oswestry. Ancient and Modern. and its Local Families’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 1. 193-224. Anon. 1884. 'Report of Meeting’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 1. 324-351. Anon. 1884. 'Restoration of Llanynys Church’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 1. 318. Anon. 1884. ‘Restoration of Meliden Church’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 1. 317-8. Anon. 1885. 'Review - Old Stone Crosses of the Vale of Clwyd and Neighbouring Parishes’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 6. 158-160. Anon. 1887. 'Report of the Denbigh meeting of the Cambrian Archaeological Association’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 4. 339. Anon. 1887. 'The Carmelite Priory. Denbigh’. Archaeologia Cambrensis 16. 260- 273. Anon. 1891. ‘Report of the Holywell Meeting’.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Application
    FLINTSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL REPORT TO: PLANNING COMMITTEE DATE: 4TH SEPTEMBER 2019 REPORT BY: CHIEF OFFICER (PLANNING, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY) SUBJECT: FULL APPLICATION - INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF A 2 MW GROUND MOUNTED SOLAR FARM AND THE ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE, INCLUDING: BATTERY STORAGE, SUBSTATION, INVERTER/TRANSFORMER UNITS, SECURITY MEASURES AND ACCESS TRACK AT FLINT LANDFILL SITE, CASTLE PARK, FLINT. APPLICATION 059862 NUMBER: APPLICANT: FLINTSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL SITE: FLINT LANDFILL SITE, CASTLE PARK, FLINT APPLICATION VALID DATE: 29th APRIL 2019 LOCAL MEMBERS: CLLR D COX CLLR M PERFECT TOWN/COMMUNITY COUNCIL: FLINT TOWN COUNCIL REASON FOR COMMITTEE: SCHEME OF DELIGATION SITE VISIT: NO 1.00 SUMMARY 1.01 The proposal is a full planning application for a photovoltaic solar farm and ancillary works on land at Flint Landfill Site, Castle Park, Flint. The site extends to approximately 1.68 hectares. The main issues for consideration are: The principle of development, Character and appearance of the landscape, Aerodrome safeguarding, Highways safety, Designated nature conservation sites Scheduled Ancient Monuments 2.00 RECOMMENDATION: TO GRANT PLANNING PERMISSION, SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING:- 2.01 1. Commencement of development within 2 years. 2. Carried out in accordance with the submitted details. 3. No generation of electricity hereby permitted shall take place after 40 years from the date on which electricity is first transmitted from the site, nor after electricity ceases to be generated for a continuous period of 6 months, whichever is the earlier. 4. No generation of electricity hereby permitted shall take place unless a monthly record is kept by the site operator of the amount of electricity generated that month; and that record shall be made available for inspection by the local planning authority.
    [Show full text]
  • Flint Castle, Completed in 1284, Is One of Turner’S Greatest Welsh Landscapes
    CSG Annual Conference - Wrexham - April 2015 - Flint Fig. 1. Flint Castle, completed in 1284, is one of Turner’s greatest Welsh landscapes. Joseph Mallord William Turner’s painting of Flint Castle with its vivid light and shade depicting the Dee estuary suffused in an orange sunrise was more than 10 years in the making. The watercolour sketch, over pencil, was composed in the early 1830s. Regarded as a landscape classic, he completed a second watercolour of the castle in 1835, which is now owned by the National Museums and Galleries of Wales (NMGW). The painting was sold at Sothebys, London, in 2010 for £541,000 to a purchaser who wished to remain anonymous. Flint Castle sides held the castle at various times, and, This castle was the product of King Edward l’s although garrisoned by Parliament after its first Welsh war of 1276-7, built a day’s march capture in 1646, the castle was made unusable from Chester. Work began on it and the adja- the following year. cent new town on a fresh site in the summer of The castle, originally set within a moat fed by 1277, making it the first of the king’s castles in the sea, has a large outer bailey, with some of north Wales. By 1284 most of the castle had the curtain wall surviving, and the remains of been built, at a cost of about £7,000, but the the outer gate has been excavated archaeologi- building accounts suggest that there was not cally. There are circular mural towers at three one continuous building programme, and that corners of the square inner ward; their upper the castle may have been damaged in the war floors provided accommodation.
    [Show full text]
  • Grave Slab, Hawarden the Memorial Inscriptions in Hawarden Parish Church
    GRAVE SLAB, HAWARDEN THE MEMORIAL INSCRIPTIONS IN HAWARDEN PARISH CHURCH By W. Bell Jones HE parish church of St. Deiniol, Hawarden, T probably dates from the thirteenth century, but with the exception of a tombstone or coffin lid of about that date, of which a drawing is here in­ serted,1 it presents no object of any great antiquity. There are several reasons which account for this. No doubt this church, in common with others, suffered heavily at the time of the " Great Pillage," as it certainly did during the Commonwealth period, when the ancient stained glass, and probably much else, was destroyed.2 Again in 1742 the church underwent a " renovation," which consisted of plaster and whitewash and the removal of old woodwork. In 1816 further "improvements" were effected, the remains of the old rood screen being then removed, while to complete the devastation a fire occurred in 1857, which practically left nothing standing save the tower and the walls. These circumstances account for the meagreness of ancient memorials in a church with a history covering at least 700 years and in close proximity to an old border castle, the scene of many stirring events, and the 1 The stone is 31 inches long, 12 inches wide at the top and 9 inches at the bottom. It was used as a gravestone in 1777, but it is now placed in the church porch. 2 See Phillips, Civil War in Wales and the Marches. 170 The Memorial Inscriptions in home of the Montalts, Stanleys, and other noble families. In recording the various memorial inscriptions now remaining in the church, the first place may be given to those of the Ravenscrofts of Bretton.
    [Show full text]
  • The River Dee
    R-,jr-r, I DEAN 01 CHESS THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES THE RIVER DEE ITS ASPECT AND HISTORY THE RIVER DEE BY J. S. HOWSON, D.D. DEAN OF CHESTER ALFRED RIMMER WITH NINETY-THREE ILLUSTRATIONS ON WOOD FROM DRAWINGS BY ALFRED RIMMER LONDON J . S. VIRTUE & CO., LIMITED, 26, IVY LANE PATERNOSTER ROW 1889. LONDON : FEINTED BY J. S. VIRTUE A!CD CO., LIMITRD. CITV EOAD ID 3 \\-\84- PREFACE. N revising these pages for separate publication I have been made very conscious, both of the excellence and charm of their subject on the one hand, and, on the other hand, of the very inadequate and unworthy manner in which the subject is here treated. It would be a most pleasant task to me, if sufficient health and opportunity were granted to me, to endeavour to do more justice to the scenery and history of this river; but many difficulties the and I impeded even writing of these short chapters ; have been compelled in some degree to modify their original plan and arrangement, especially as regards the Estuary. Under these circumstances my friend Mr. Rimmer had the goodness to write the Tenth and Eleventh Chapters, having reference to the architectural topics, with which he is professionally conversant. J. S. II. COLWYN BAY, July \-jth, 1875. 1051243 PREFACE. 'ITH reference to the brief Preface which was written by the late Dean Howson, it may be said that he contemplated an enlarged edition, with many subjects added that he first limits of could not include in his ; and now, course, such a hope is past.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Deeside, Flintshire Archaeological Assessment
    CPAT Report No. 1470 Roman Deeside, Flintshire Archaeological Assessment YMDDIRIEDOLAETH ARCHAEOLEGOL CLWYD-POWYS CLWYD-POWYS ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST Client name: Cadw CPAT Project No: 2104 Project Name: Roman Deeside Grid Reference: N/A County/LPA: Flintshire CPAT Report No: 1470 Event PRN: 140149 Report status: Final Confidential: Yes Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by: Nigel Jones Paul Belford Paul Belford Principal Archaeologist Director Director 27 March 2017 30 March 2017 30 March 2017 Bibliographic reference: Jones, N. W., 2017. Roman Deeside, Flintshire: Archaeological Assessment. CPAT Report No 1470. Cover photo: Rescue excavations funded by Cadw in 2013. Photo Fiona Grant YMDDIRIEDOLAETH ARCHAEOLEGOL CLWYD-POWYS CLWYD-POWYS ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST 41 Broad Street, Welshpool, Powys, SY21 7RR, United Kingdom +44 (0) 1938 553 670 [email protected] www.cpat.org.uk ©CPAT 2017 The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust is a Registered Organisation with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists CPAT Report No 1470 Roman Deeside, Flintshire Archaeological Assessment CONTENTS SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... II 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 2 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................ 1 3 MILITARY ACTIVITY AND
    [Show full text]
  • Number 6 March 2009 Price £2.50
    Number 6 March 2009 Price £2.50 Welcome to the sixth Welsh Stone Forum Newsletter On 16th May Tim Palmer will lead an excursion and apologies for its late arrival. The Newsletter is to a number of sites in the Cross Hands area of totally dependent upon members providing material Carmarthenshire, beginning with a tour around the for publication and for this issue unfortunately, Abbey Masonry site where we will be shown around articles had been in short supply. However, after a by Anthony Kleinberg. On 12th June we move little arm twisting from Tim members have rallied to northwest to Strata Florida and Llanbadarn Fawr with the cause and have come forward with a good range John Davies and Tim Palmer and we finish the year’s of articles that reflect the wide range of interests that field meetings on 12th September in Llangollen and are to be found within the Forum. May I say a big Valle Crucis under the guidance of Jacqui Malpas thank you to all the authors, and to Jana Horak for and Raymond Roberts. formatting the text ready for printing. AGM 2009 The main articles also reflect our Wales-wide On 18th April we hold our AGM in Abergavenny and coverage. Raymond Roberts looks at the Upper following the formal part of the meeting Maddy Gray Carboniferous sandstones of northeast Wales, which will give a lecture on Stone sepulchral sculpture. you will have the opportunity to see once again in the After lunch we are hoping that their may be time for field on the Llangollen field meeting, while Graham an informal walk around the town to look at some of Lott gives pectrographic details of the different sandstones discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Research on Parks, Gardens and Designed Landscapes of Medieval North Wales and the Shropshire Marches
    Recent Research on Parks, Gardens and Designed Landscapes of Medieval North Wales and the Shropshire Marches Spencer Gavin Smith My PhD thesis is on the topic of ‘Parks, Gardens and Designed Landscapes of Medieval North Wales and the Shropshire Marches’ and I am grateful to the Editor for allowing me the opportunity to present some aspects of my research in this publication. The aim of my thesis is to examine the archaeological, historical, literary and visual arts evidence for the existence, distribution and use of medieval parks, gardens and designed landscapes associated with castles and related high- status occupation in North Wales and the Shropshire Marches. Digital mapping will be produced as part of the thesis in order to ensure that the data collated can be made available to researchers, academics and organisations who may find this information useful and relevant to their own remit or field of interest. The decision to undertake this thesis stems from the research, survey and excavation I directed at Sycharth Castle (Denbighshire) situated in the valley of the river Cynllaith to the south west of Oswestry (Shropshire). The llys or court at Sycharth and its surrounding landscape was the subject of a cywydd or praise poem composed c.1390 by the poet Iolo Goch. George Borrow translated the poem for his travelogue ‘Wild Wales’, first published in 1862 (Rhys (ed.) 1910) and the poem has subsequently been quoted in part by Higham and Barker (1992: 144-146 and 300-303), Landsberg (2004: 11), Creighton (2002: 179-180, 2009: 101) and Liddiard (2005: 116-117) when writing about an idealised medieval landscape in their publications on castles and medieval landscapes.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Desk Based Assessment
    ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT NORTHOP ROAD FLINT FLINTSHIRE APRIL 2018 Local Planning Authority: Flintshire County Council Site centred at: SJ 240 718 Author: Emily Mercer BA MSc MCIfA Approved by: Simon Mortimer MA(Oxon) MCIfA Report Status: FINAL © CgMs Limited Issue Date: April 2018 No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. CgMs Ref: © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction EM/23246/01 of the controller of HM Stationery Office. • Licence No: AL 100014723 Desk-Based Assessment Land at Northop Road, Flint, Flintshire Contents Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology, Topography and Site Conditions 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background, including Assessment of Significance 5.0 The Proposed Development and Impact on Heritage Assets 6.0 Conclusions Sources Consulted Appendix 1: Designated and Non-designated Assets Data Plots Appendix 2: LiDAR Plot Appendix 3: Gazetteer of Designated and Non-designated Archaeological Assets Appendix 4: Proposed Layout Appendix 5: Geophysical Survey Report Appendix 6: Cadw Consultation Response List of Illustrations Figure 1 Site location Figure 2 1840 Flint Tithe Map Figure 3 1871-3 Ordnance Survey Map Figure 4 1899 Ordnance Survey Map Figure 5 1912 Ordnance Survey Map Figure 6 1963-7 Ordnance Survey Map
    [Show full text]
  • Flint Strategy and Masterplan 2021
    Flint Strategy and Masterplan 2021 March 2012 111CP900 PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL www.dtz.com Final Draft Flint Strategy and Masterplan 2021 | Flintshire County Council Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................ i 1.0 Flint Today ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Flint‟s Potential .................................................................................................................................. 7 3.0 The New Strategy for Flint .............................................................................................................. 11 4.0 The Spatial Framework and Indicative Masterplan......................................................................... 27 5.0 Action Plan ...................................................................................................................................... 41 6.0 Implementation Strategy ................................................................................................................. 54 Final Draft Flint Strategy and Masterplan 2021 | Flintshire County Council Executive Summary The Flint Strategy and Masterplan sets out a route map for the transformation of Flint, building upon its many assets and overcoming its challenges. It has been prepared by Flintshire County Council in partnership with local residents, local businesses
    [Show full text]
  • The Spiral Stair Or Vice: Its Origins, Role and Meaning in Medieval Stone Castles. Thesis Submitted in Accordance with the Requ
    The Spiral Stair or Vice: its origins, role and meaning in medieval stone castles. Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Charles Ryder February 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For all their help and support, I wish to record my warmest thanks to the staff of the British Library, John Ryland‟s Library, the University of Liverpool and especially the staff of the University of Chester; to the owners of structures with spiral stairs who opened their doors to me, especially the de Vere family at Hedingham Castle and Mr Louis de Wett and Ms Gabrielle Drake at Much Wenlock Priory; to the custodians and managers of historical sites and in particular the lady who gave me a private tour of Charlemagne‟s Chapel, Aachen whose name I never knew and Mr N Fahy at Castle Rising; to a number of members of the Castle Studies Group, the M6 Group and the Liverpool Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies who gave good advice that assisted in my research both when crossing muddy fields in cold rain to visit castles, in warm lecture rooms and by various forms of mail; to people in Japan and China who were pleased to answer my questions and send photographs and articles; to Jean Mesqui, who encouraged my early research and corrected my French writing; almost finally, to my wife who, enduring much, visited almost as many castles as me and developed a excellent eye – far better than mine – for spotting castle features; however, above all I give thanks to my primary supervisor, Professor Peter Gaunt, who was my rock in the storm and from whom I learned many things, not always related to history and castles.
    [Show full text]