Young Socialists Win Acquittal in Indiana; “ Anti-Red” Law Declared Unconstitutional THE MILITANT Published in the Interests of the Working People

V o l. 28 - No. 13 M onday, M a rch 30, 1964 P ric e 10c 3,000 Cheer Malcolm X At Opening Rally in Harlem

By David Herman NEW YORK — An audience of rican brothers in the UN. We’ve over 3,000 responded enthusiast­ got Asian brothers in the UN. ically at the first of a series of We’ve got Latin American brothers Sunday night meetings organized in the UN . . . And then we’ve got by Malcolm X’s new black na­ 800 more million of them over in tionalist movement. The meeting C hina.” was held at the Rockland Palace Asked about the civil-rights bill, THE WINNERS. From left to right, Ralph Levitt, Tom Morgan and James Bingham, the Indiana in Harlem on March 22. Only Ne­ he said, “There’s nothing in that University students who won dismissal of their indictment under state “sedition” law. groes were admitted save for white civil-rights bill that’s going to help newspaper reporters. the Negroes in the North.” He By George Saunders law deals only with sedition against Hoadley’s indictments and Malcolm X attacked both the added that if the bill won’t help against a state government. This proposed evidence even before the Democratic and Republican parties Northern Negroes how can you A victory of great significance is a blow to the witch hunt, for M a rch 20 hearing. On M a rch 16 and called for a black nationalist expect it to help those in the for civil liberties and academic such state laws are still used — Daniel T. Taylor III of Louis­ convention in May or June at South? freedom was w on M a rch 20 in Bloomington, Indiana, when especially in the South against ville, Ky., trial lawyer for the de­ which, “We’ll form whatever is During the question period necessary — whether it’s a black Monroe Circuit Court Judge Nat civil-rights advocates. The current fendants, issued subpoenas to eight someone in the audience suggested U. H ill quashed the indictments in case in Louisiana involving the persons, including Hoadley and nationalist party or a black na­ that each person go home and or­ the Indiana “subversion” case. The Southern Conference Educational Harold Wilkes, Hoadley’s key w it­ tionalist army.” ganize his or her building to join judge was persuaded to this action Fund is an example. ness. Taylor demanded they pro­ He urged all Negro organiza­ the rent strike. Malcolm X sup­ by attorney Leonard Boudin, gen­ Unfortunately, this major vic­ duce in court tapes, tape recorder, tions to fight together against the ported the suggestion and urged eral counsel for the Emergency tory does not entirely eliminate additional devices and pamphlets things they all opposed — includ­ the audience to bring the ad­ Civil Liberties Committee. the threat to the defendants. The stolen from a rented apartment in ing New York’s recently passed dresses of the buildings they had Boudin argued that the indict­ witch-hunting prosecutor, Thomas Wilkes’ home — all of which “no-knock” and “stop-and-frisk” organized to the next Sunday ments against Ralph Levitt, James A. Hoadley, still can appeal Judge Hoadley had indicated he wanted night meeting where they could be Bingham and Tom Morgan — of­ H ill’s decision to a higher court to use as evidence and which the iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiniiri turned over to Jesse Gray. He ficers of the Young Socialist Al­ — if he requests and gets the defense charged was illegally ac­ SPUR TO RIGHTS FIGHT? For called the Harlem rent strike a liance chapter at Indiana Univer­ permission of the Indiana Attor­ qu ire d. form of nationalism. an analysis of the recent moves sity — should be thrown out on ney General. Speaks at Law School by M alcolm X see page 3. The audience and the speaker the grounds that the 1951 Indiana In fact, the March 22 In d ia n ­ Attorney Boudin spoke at the responded to each other warmly...... Communism Act, under which apolis Times encouraged Hoadley Indiana University Law School Both obviously enjoyed the rally. they were brought, is unconstitu­ to appeal, although it acknowl­ the day before the hearing on the laws and school segregation. He The next rally w ill be held Sun­ tional. The judge agreed. edged that to make “pawns” of constitutional issue and the pointed out that the above laws day night, March 29, at the Au­ Judge H ill’s ruling not only in­ the defendants “in the struggle strategy of the defense in the were designed to impose police- dubon Ballroom, 166th St. and validated Indiana’s thought-control over the larger issue has an ele­ case. state conditions in the ghetto. Broadway. Malcolm X is speaking statute, it had a broader legal sig­ ment of unfairness.” It added with T he M arch 20 he aring was in Boston M a rch 25. On A p r il 8 at nificance. Unless overturned, it af­ malice that being pawns “is a He explained that he wasn’t an crowded with sympathetic listen­ 8 p.m. he w ill address the New fects all state sedition laws, be­ role these three young men seem integrationist but that he opposed ers from all over the country. Stu­ segregation because it meant white York Militant Labor Forum at cause it sets the precedent that the to fill with relish.” dents traveled from New York, control of the black community. Palm Gardens Ballroom, 310 W. federal government has jurisdic­ The defense made clear its abil­ Carleton College (Northfield, Segregation meant bad, white-dom­ 52nd St. tion in such matters even if the ity and intent to strike hard Minn.), University of Minnesota, inated schools for black children, University of Wisconsin and he said. Consequently he would schools in the Chicago area. In fight alongside integrationists ...... minimi...... WITHDRAWAL OF GIs URGED addition, the parents of the de­ against the segregated school fendants were present, and a system. heavy contingent of law students Once the segregated school sys­ from the IU Law School. tem has been destroyed, he said, Vietnam Intervention Assailed in Senate Students and faculty from the the nationalists should tell the in­ By Art Preis rillas. The latter are now batter­ into North Vietnam. Disengage­ university cut classes or inter­ tegrationists to go ahead and try rupted routine schedules to hear Two leading U.S. senators, both ing at the very capital of South ment is equally unacceptable to to integrate, and similarly the in­ the arguments presented by pro­ Democrats and, until recently, Vietnam, Saigon, and dominate them . . .” tegrationists should tell the na­ secution and defense attorneys. both supporters of U.S. interven­ the Mekong River Delta, the rich Although this account is date- tionalists to go ahead and build Dr. Clark Foreman, Director of tion in the South Vietnam civil riceland and most populous area lined March 20, Senator Gruening their school system. the Emergency Civil Liberties war, are waging an open cam­ of the country. made a speech March 10 in which Minister Malcolm pointed out Committee, which provided Mr. paign in the Senate for with­ Senators like Morse and Gruen­ he called on President Johnson that Negroes need to defend them­ ing are especially fearful that the to withdraw American forces from Boudin to defend the civil liberties selves where the government fails drawal of all U.S. armed forces Johnson administration may esca­ South Vietnam and from what he of the students, accompanied the to carry out its avowed respon­ from South Vietnam. Senators Wayne Morse of Oregon late the fighting in South Vietnam called “this bloody and wanton (Continued on Page 4) sibilities. and Ernest Gruening of Alaska into another Korean War — the stalemate.” He also characterized Not Sedition are reported in the March 21 N ew most unpopular war in American the situation as a “putrid mess.” “I’m not talking anarchy or Y o rk Tim es to be “agitating for history — by an assault on North P o in tin g to the deaths o f 200 sedition” he said. “If they don’t withdrawal of United States forces V ie tn am . U.S. military “advisors,” the like what I’m saying, let the gov­ from the conflict.” Bitter Debate Alaska Democrat argued: ernment do what it’s supposed This “ agitation,” which theTimes The Tim es, reporting the ‘bitter “The time has come to cease to . . . If the government won’t indicates has considerable support, debate developing in the Senate the useless and senseless losses of find out who bombed the church reflects the palpable fear now and Democratic circles, states that American lives in an area not in Birmingham . . . then we’d bet­ widespread in all official circles the “supporters as well as critics” essential to the security of the ter do something.” in Washington that the insurgent of the administration’s policy “are United States. This is a fight which Comparing Negroes to the bi­ peasants and workers of South deeply apprehensive and edgy is not our fight, into which we blical Samson, who chose to de­ Vietnam cannot be contained by over the policy’s failure to yield should not have gotten in the first stroy his enemies even at the cost the latest military dictator, Maj. a solution after nine years of place . . .” of his own life, he said: “If ten Gen. Nguyen Khahn, despite his United States involvement in He also stressed the billions of million of us die then there’ll be ten-to-one superiority in armed South Vietnam and nearly $3 bil­ dollars that have been “wasted to ten m illion of us left to enjoy free­ forces, his advanced U.S. m ilitary lion of economic and military shore up self-serving corrupt dom . . . and I’m ready to take equipment and the backing of 15,- aid.” dynasts or their self-imposed suc­ my stand with those who’ll die . . . 500 U.S. m ilitary personnel. It adds that “ the supporters con­ cessors and a people that has con­ And I know you’re ready, other­ They are afraid that the Demo­ fess to a sense of frustration and clusively demonstrated that it has wise I wouldn’t be saying this.” cratic administration will be a lack of optimism over prospects no w ill to save itself.” Someday, The audience cheered. severely damaged and that U.S. of satisfactory results. Yet they he declared, this sacrifice of U.S. The black nationalist leader sug­ prestige and influence abroad may do not want to risk another Korea lives in Southeast Asia “w ill be gested bringing the Negroes’ case be shattered if this country is as­ by committing United States advi­ denounced as a crime.” to the United Nations. “We have sociated with a defeat inflicted by sory forces to a more active com­ Senator Gruening said it would brothers in the UN. We’ve got A f­ the revolutionary peasant guer­ bat role or by extending the war (Continued on Page 2) Leonard Boudin Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, March 30, 1964

NEW YORK SOCIALIST SPOKESMAN URGES: Oust Bigoted Police and School Heads

By Richard Garza organizations he approves of and which he does not. Two figures in the political structure of New York City have The reaction of the militant become symbols of discrimination wing of the civil-rights and free- against m inority peoples. They are dom-now movements has been to Police clubs were used in build- mittee at the opening of this legis­ Board of Education Chairman call for the removal from public ing-trades pickets in Toledo for lative session last January was James Donovan and Police Com­ office of both Donovan and Mur­ th e firs t tim e since th e 1930s in roundly denounced at the time by missioner Michael J. Murphy. phy — demands which have fallen A. Philip Randolph, head of the on deaf ears at city hall. Until the a scuffle at a construction site The recent school boycotts were Negro American Labor Council people of the ghetto are mobilized March 16. The owners of Ander­ bitterly opposed by Donovan. Dur­ and chairman of the Citizen’s Com­ behind these demands, Mayor ing the first boycott he slandered son’s Maumee River Grain Eleva­ mittee for a $1.50 Minimum Hour­ Wagner and the Democratic Party the leaders of the movement by to r began w o rk on a $1.1 m illio n ly Wage in New York State. Ran­ gang that run this city are going depicting them and the hundreds construction project at the eleva­ dolph pointed out that the situa­ to ignore them. tion had already been studied of thousands who supported the tor and refused to hire union con­ boycott as people bent on viol­ from every conceivable point of D em ocrats’ M an struction workers. The building- ence. Donovan’s attitude caused view and that there was no ex­ even members of his own board to After all Donovan was the Dem­ trades unions set up a picket line cuse for stalling further. ocratic Party candidate for U.S. state that he should resign. The and police showed up to escort a In explaining his resignation S enator in 1962. H is dism issal recently announced abandonment bus carrying 14 of the non-union Iushewitz said the governor had would constitute an admission by by the Board of Education of plans workers through the line. The cops “made it obvious there would be to pair some schools — a weak New York Democrats that they no action for at least a year.” had run a covert supporter of arrested 21 pickets but the bus was step towards integration — further There is a possibility, however, indicates Donovan’s real attitude de facto Jim Crow for U.S. Sen­ stopped when it was rammed by a ator. of the passage of the Curran bill toward integration. station wagon. No one was seri­ which will allow New York City Police Commissioner Murphy’s The removal of Police Commis­ ously injured. to pass a minimum-wage law of sioner Murphy would further con­ prejudiced attitude had not been Building-trades unions imme­ its own. A city $1.50 minimum- too well known to the public at firm what Jesse Gray has charged wage b ill was passed in 1962 b u t diately called 5,000 workers in large, but it was clearly under­ and most people know — that the knocked out by the courts on the New York police are corrupt and the area off their jobs to protest stood by the people of the ghet- RICHARD GARZA, spokesman ground that the state had jurisdic­ are on the side of the landlords toes. It had been made clear to for the Socialist Workers Party the police action. That night the tion. The committee headed by them by the recent police killings against the tenants, even more so company announced it would cease in New York. He was the par­ Randolph is urging passage of the o f Victor Rodriguez and Maximo when those tenants are members construction pending a discussion Curran bill. of minority groups. Up to now ty’s candidate for governor in Salero on New York’s West Side; w ith the unions. The 5,000 workers Iushewitz’s letter of resignation Mayor Wagner has remained si­ the last election and previously the killing by an off-duty cop of returned to work the next day. said that prompt action on a lent on the demands of the civil- candidate for mayor of New Francisco Rodriguez, 1962 Boy of * * * higher minimum wage is necessary rights leaders. However, every­ the Year in East Harlem; the re­ Y o rk C ity . because in New York City alone one expects a rising tempo in the The Executive Council of the cent brutality of cops towards at least 180,000 workers now earn struggle to achieve equality. Un­ American Federation of Teachers, tenants engaged in rent strikes, with more effective protection. less than $1.25 an hour and 450,000 der such circumstances we can ex­ AFL-CIO, met in Chicago recent­ and the arrest of Jesse Gray, Har­ earn less than $1.50. The present pect that the police w ill react even Candidates of a “black national­ ly and voted to back teachers who lem rent-strike leader. federal minimum wage is $1.15. more violently against demonstra­ ist party” could force “the man support boycotts and other mass Murphy’s denunciation of three It goes to $1.25 in October. tors and against the people who downtown” to heed the demand protests for school integration. militant Negro leaders to 6,000 live in the ghettoes. The recent for the removal of prejudiced pub­ The council passed a resolution * * * at the recent Holy Name So­ cops enactment in Albany of the “stop- lic officials. Such a party would declaring that the union “stands Sugar workers at the Okeelanta ciety communion breakfast makes and-frisk” and “no-knock” bills furnish people in the ghettoes the ready to defend the right of teach­ Sugar Co. property in Fellsmere, i t obvious that he is instructing gives the police two new weapons means and the power base with ers who, in good conscience, re­ Florida, complain that since the police as to which civil-rights his against the most defenseless peo­ which to defend themselves and fuse to cross picket lines which company was bought out by some ple of this city. to begin making a reality of the uphold the principle of integra­ Cuban exiles “our relations with present hollow boast that “New tion, or who participated in re­ the management have been de­ Block Committees York is a city where ten million lated civil-rights movements.” teriorating.” The workers are people live, work and play in Weekly Calendar Before more killings and beat­ * * * members of Local 413 of the Unit­ brotherhood.” ings are perpetrated by the police, Morris Iushewitz, the “labor ed Packinghouse Workers, AFL- civil-rights leaders should call a representative” on Governor Roc­ CIO. Recently they were forced CHICAGO mass conference to map steps of NEW YORK — Police Commis­ kefeller’s committee to “study” to hold an “extraordinary griev­ TO M M O R G A N , one of ihe Bioom- self-defense for their communities. sioner Michael J. Murphy’s home the effects of a higher minimum ance meeting” to get the com­ mington students cleared of "sedition" One form of defense could be to in Queens was picketed March 21 wage in New York state, has re­ pany’s field supervisors to stop charges, speaks on THE B L O O M IN G ­ organize block committees within by Bronx CORE. The pickets were signed. Iushewitz is secretary of carrying pistols on the job. The TON SEDITION CASE — STORY OF A the precincts that would immedi­ protesting Murphy’s cover-up of union’s District 7 Director, T. H. C IV IL LIBERTIES VICTORY. Fri., April 3, the New York City Central Labor ately raise bail and provide legal police brutality. Council. His resignation finally Vincent, said it was “quite a sight 8 p.m. Debs Halt, 302 South Canal St, when people came in from all over Ausp. Friday Night Socialist Forum. defense for anyone victimized by Previously Murphy had smeared unifies the New York labor move­ the fields and formed a giant the police. Herbert Callender, chairman of ment in opposition to the gov­ ring” in the yard where union and In the long run, however, “con­ the Bronx chaptcr of CORE, along ernor’s transparent attempts to de­ company officials were meeting. DETROIT trol of the politics and the pol­ with Jesse Gray and Malcolm X, feat a proposed $1.50-an-hour HEAR SOCIALIST VIEWS ON RA­ iticians of our community,” as as the type of “irresponsible” Ne­ state minimum wage by tying it “That sugar was boiling while D IO . Every M O N D A Y night 7:15-7:30 Malcolm X put it, is what will gro leader by whom New York up in another “study” committee. we were meeting,” said Vincent, p.m. Station WQRS-FM (105.1). The appointment of the com- “and the manager knew he didn’t * * * provide this city’s m inority people cops would not be “intimidated.” want to see that syrup cool off and M A L C O LM X's N EW MOVEMENT. harden while we stood there ar­ Hear George Breitman, former editor gu ing.” The Militant, discuss Malcolm X's break with Elijah Muhammad and what kind “The people felt those guns of a movement is he trying to build? ... Senators Assail Vietnam Intervention were there to intimidate them and Fri., April 3, 8 p.m. 3737 Woodward. (Continued from Page 1) New York Times, wrote on Feb. the guerrillas, a fact conceded by they objected violently to working Ausp. Friday Night Socialist Forum. under that kind of pressure,” said be “a source of regret” to him if 16, in the News of the Week sec­ virtually every reliable report V in cen t. the revolutionists won. “But why tion, that “by far the greater part from South Vietnam, it can be should we persist in seeking to of their [the guerrillas’] armory is LOS ANGELES stated categorically that the U.S. THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE. A panel prevent what is ultimately inevit­ ‘indigenous’; it has been captured intervention has reinforced this discussion by Jean Pestana, attorney; able, in impossible terrain, for a from South Vietnamese [govern­ Seek to Oust Earnestine Landseadel of CORE; Theo­ people who care not, in the most ment] troops or manufactured, in popular sentiment. It is necessary dora Edwards, socialist radio commen­ distant spot on the globe? It crude but effective form, in South only to cite the so-called “ strategic Race-Hating Judge tator; Della Rossa, correspondent The makes no sense.” Vietnam itself.” hamlet” program initiated in Militant; Sheavy Goldman, office man­ NEW ORLEANS, La. — A According to the late, unla­ A p r il 1962 b y the D iem regim e ager, housewife and mother. Moderator, Senator Morse, the Tim es re ­ suit has been filed in the fed­ mented Diem regime’s Tim es of at the insistence and direction of Evelyn Reed, anthropologist, Marxist ports, has made several speeches eral circuit court of appeals writer and lecturer. Fri., April 3, 8:30 along the same line and in equally V ie tn am , Sept. 15, 1963, the guer­ the U.S. “advisors.” This program here to remove Federal Dis­ p.m. 1702 East 4th St. Ausp. Militant strong language, in one of which rillas captured close to 100,000 was summed up by Bernard B. Labor Forum. he said: weapons in 1961-62 and about 25,- Fall, in the Feb. 22 New Republic: trict Judge Harold Cox from * * * “We should never have gone in. 000 in 1963. T h is fa c t is cited in “The regrouping of the civilian hearing any cases involving Theodore Edwards presents a Marxist We should never have stayed in. the Feb. 22 New Republic m ag­ population into fortified hamlets racial matters. The suit was view of the news in his bi-weekly radio We should get out.” azine. Of course, dictator Diem . . . involved displacing close to filed March 13 by civil-rights commentary. Fri., April 3, 6:45 p.m. Senator Thomas J. Dodd, Demo­ got these weapons originally from KPFK-FM (90.7 on your dial.) nine m illion people, most of whom attorney William Kunstler crat of Connecticut, one of the th e U.S. did not want to be moved. Many after following Judge Cox’s most rabid exponents of increased were moved before harvesting A Complaint remarks during a March 7 MINNEAPOLIS U.S. armed intervention in South time, thus losing a crop; others hearing on a suit to speed Vietnam, attacked Senators Morse An editorial in the March 10 The Attack on the Teamsters and the were forced to destroy their own registration of Negroes in Persecution of Hoffa. Speaker, Frank and G ru e n in g on M a rch 11. H e New York Post, which supports houses, for which the Diem regime Madison County, Mississippi. Lovell, member United Auto Workers raised the cry that the civil war U.S. intervention against the Viet­ paid them $10. It costs, according and Michigan state chairman Socialist was all the fault of outsiders. “We namese people, complained of to official American estimates, at Cox had said: Workers Party. Fri., April 3, 8:30 p.m. must help turn the war against Premier Khahn’s request, on the least $56 to build a Vietnamese “I am not interested in 704 Hennepin Ave. Hall 240. Ausp. North Vietnam, the home base of occasion of Defense Secretary Mc­ peasant house. Many villages were Friday Night Socialist Forum. whether the registrar is going the aggressor,” he asserted. Namara’s most recent emergency created in areas where the people to give a registration test to a The claim that the South Viet­ junket to South Vietnam, for arms could not make a living . . .” bunch of niggers on a reg­ namese peasants could be quelled to replace the 8,000 modern weap­ N EW YORK This is one of the reasons why istration drive.” He also said if they were only cut off from ons he admits were lost to the the Vietnamese people are fight­ LAW RENCE STEWART. Socialist the Madison County Negroes Workers Party candidate for U.S. Senator their “home base” and “privileged guerrillas last year. “There is lit­ ing against the Washington-sup­ from New Jersey, speaks on The North­ sanctuary” is false and ridiculous. tle point,” says the Post, “in giving ported government in South Viet­ who tried to register had ap­ ern Negro and the Civil Rights Struggle. There is no secret about who has the Vietnamese people more weap­ nam with such determination and peared “like a dark cloud,” Fri., April 3, 8:30 p.m. 116 University supplied most of the modem arms ons if their hearts are not in the ferocity. It is this ever-growing and acted “like a bunch of Place. Contrib. $1. Ausp. Militant Labor to the embattled peasants. struggle. They w ill surrender or revolutionary resistance that has chimpanzees.” Forum. * * * Their arms are supplied by the sell our material to the Com­ made senators like Morse and Judge Cox was appointed WED. APRIL 8, 8 P.M. MALCOLM United States. m u n ists . . .” Gruening question the price of to the federal bench by Pres­ X. PALM GARDENS, 310 W. 52ND Hanson W. Baldwin, the highly- If the overwhelming majority “victory” against the Vietnamese ident Kennedy. ST. reputed military analyst of the of the Vietnamese people support people. Monday, March 30, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Three

AN APPRAISAL OF CURRENT MOVES BY MALCOLM X New Force Can Bring Major Rights Gains

By George Breitman mere existence of the Muslims has less /weighted down with tradi­ had healthy effects, pushing rival tional and cautious methods of MARCH 17 — Malcolm X’s Negro tendencies to the left and operating that developed during break with the Muslims headed by thereby imparting an impetus to the period when the Muslims were Elijah Muhammad may have con­ even purely integrationist battles.” small and isolated. sequences as momentous for the (Freedom Now: New Stage in the People who have contact with Negro struggle as John L. Lewis’ Struggle for Negro Emancipation, the Muslims report that all break with the AFL leaders in Pioneer Publishers, 25

EFFECTIVE BLOOMINGTON DEFENSE THE MILITANT National Pressure Key Factor in Victory Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: GEORGE LA VAN Business Manager: KAROL YN KERRY How was the victory in Bloom­ state lost the battle of public opin­ Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, ington won? There can be no doubt ion” because the defendants “dis­ by The M ilitant Publishing Ass’n., 116 University PI., New York 3, N.Y. Phone that it was due in large part to torted” the case by calling it a CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York. N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; the efforts of the Committee to witch hunt and linking it with Canadian, $3.50; foreign. $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily Aid the Bloomington Students. racism. (The students were in­ represent The M ilitant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. The notoriety which the “Hoosier dicted for attending a campus witch hunt” acquired — thanks meeting where Leroy McRae, a Vol. 28 - No. 13 *®^345 Monday, March 30, 1964 largely to CABS efforts — became Negro national officer of the YSA, finally too great an embarrass­ spoke on civil rights.) ment for the “responsible citizens” It was the work of the CABS of Bloomington. Like those in which made the case not merely The Fighting in Jacksonville Dallas, they became deeply con­ a local matter but a matter of Behind the newspaper headlines about “Rioting Negroes in cerned about the image of their national and international con­ “All-American” city. cern. Jacksonville, Florida” facts are already discernible which show This concern was clearly ex­ A great many prominent in­ that the main perpetrators of the violence are the mayor and the pressed in a two-installment front dividuals, including hundreds of police department. page editorial in Bloomington’s faculty members from some 50 only daily paper, the H erald- When Negro groups in Jacksonville began a campaign of colleges, became sponsors of the Telephone (H-T ), M arch 6 and 7. committee. In all, over 600 spon­ protest against segregation in “hotels and restaurants, the racist The editorial, among other things, sors joined CABS. indicated Bloomington was get­ mayor went on television to announce his “get tough” campaign. Among them were Nobel Prize ting adverse publicity because of He swore in 500 firemen as special cops to deal with Negro dem­ Hoadley’s “most notorious” case winners Bertrand Russell and Li­ nus Pauling, authors James Bald­ onstrators. “against the three members of the win, Norman Mailer, Clancy Si- YSA.” Clubbings of Negroes and mass arrests began. So far some gal, and Ray Ginger, journalist 350 Negro demonstrators are known to have been arrested. Stream of Letters M urray Kepmton, socialist spokes­ Police smashed in the doors of the headquarters of the NAACP Again, on March 17 the H-T man Norman Thomas, John Lewis, chairman of the Student Non­ printed in its editorial column two Daniel T. Taylor III and arrested 35 people found there. statements from California deplor­ violent Coordinating Committee, When Negro youth began calling for a school boycott to pro­ ing the prosecution. The March 19 Rev. Donald Harrington of New versity of Chicago and Warner A. test the mayor’s anti-Negro TV speech, police went to the main issue of the town weekly, the York, and Rev. Albert B. Cleage, Star-Courier,' noted the steady Jr., of the Michigan Freedom Now Wick, Dean of Students there; and Negro high school on the pretext of searching for a bomb. Stu­ stream of letters pouring in from P a rty. Antioch College President James dents became so enraged at their methods and their arrest of one all parts of the U.S., and even Also, Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker of P. D ixon. person that they rescued him from the police car and released from Great Britain, criticizing and the Southern Christian Leadership Also Harvard Professors Gordon urging dismissal of the indict­ Conference; Professors Daniel Bell, W. Allport, Oscar Handlin, Mark him. Then police reinforcements were rushed up. They came firing ments. Ernest Nagel and Lionel Trilling deWolfe Howe, and H. Stuart riot guns into the air. Hoadley himself felt the pres­ of Columbia University; Professor Hughes (Prof. Hughes is acting The students and people in the neighborhood fought back sure. He stated in court that “the Hans J. Morgenthau of the Uni­ treasurer for the Boston area CABS); University of Wisconsin w ith stones, bottles, etc., forcing the police finally to withdraw. Professors Alexander Meiklejohn Jacksonville’s racist mayor is running for governor. He and David Shannon; Professors thought he would give the state a spectacular demonstration of ... Young Socialists Win Thomas Emerson and Fowler Har­ per of Yale Law School; Professor how a “strong” public official puts Negroes back in “their place.” (Continued from Page 1) dents. Boudin made this amply Norman Redlich of New York But the mayor and the white-supremacists got more than they noted constitutional attorney to clear in his rebuttal. University Law School; and Uni­ bargained for. The Negro people today w ill not take such treat­ Bloomington for the hearing. After an hour and a half lunch versity of Toronto Professors H. Northrup Frye and C. B. Mac- The proceedings were orderly. recess, Judge H ill read his deci­ ment lying down. They fight back. pherson. Attorney Boudin presented an sion on the defense motion. The hour-long argument demonstrating sweeping victory was greeted by Major credit for this victory also the unconstitutionality of the 1951 the courtroom audience with goes to the Emergency Civil Lib­ The New York School Boycott statute and the indictments. A re­ shouts of approval, handshakes erties Committee, which true to and bear-hugs for the defendants its name, stepped in when needed New York’s second school boycott on March 16 was more cess was called, a fte r w h ic h H oad­ ley began a rambling defense of and their attorneys. and provided top-level legal coun­ successful than the original reports indicated. The day after the At a press conference after­ sel for the defendants which they -demonstration, boycott leader Rev. M ilton A. Galamison charged the law and the indictments. Hoadley’s discussion of Trotskyists, wards Boudin expressed the views could not otherwise have acquired. the Board of Education w ith skimping on the absenteeism figures. of the defendants when he called Marxism-Leninism, and a state­ M agnificent Jobs Before he even had a chance to make public the proof he had ment he attributed to Mao Tse- the ruling “a satisfactory ending available, the Board had to concede that not only the figures to an unsatisfactory story which Both ECLC General Counsel tung (“Trotskyism is far more to Leonard Boudin and Attorney of the second boycott, but also of the first, had been “incomplete.” the liberal left than are the capi­ should never have begun in the first place.” Daniel T. Taylor III, who likewise It admitted that its figures had not included absenteeism talistic dogs in the Kremlin — ac­ contributed his services, did mag­ among the 40,000 afternoon-shift kindergarten children or among cording to Mao Tse-tung”) left Dr. Clark Foreman made the following statement for the Emer­ nificent jobs in preparing power­ •the third shift of the 115,000 in the regular grades on multiple the courtroom staring in disbelief. gency Civil Liberties Committee: ful and precise legal briefs and Defense attorney Taylor ob­ sessions. “Judge Nat H ill’s decision in arguments to refute the witch jected to the extraneous issues As these facts were established, Rev. Galamison could then the YSA case said that the In­ hunt’s legal pretexts. which Hoadley constantly dragged say, “The only group we missed was the Puerto Rican associa­ diana Anti-Communist Law is un­ The defendants themselves in. Judge H ill upheld Taylor and tion. If we had received its support, we would have had as many constitutional. It is a great victory played a key role by untiringly warned Hoadley against such out Monday as we did last month.” The Negro and liberal sup­ for civil liberties and we are proud touring campuses around the “straying.” country to tell of their case, and port which may have been lost by the withdrawal of the NAACP, to have had a hand in it.” “Furious Attack” A victory celebration was held in fighting for their rights, fight­ CORE, and Urban League national leaderships was more than ing for the freedom of all. After another recess, Judge H ill at the home of IU professor Philip made up by the grass-roots support in the Negro neighborhoods. Many organizations declared made a special request of Boudin Appleman, a sponsor of the Com­ The position taken by the Puerto Ricans and other militants support for the defendants, includ­ for a rebuttal to Hoadley’s argu­ mittee to Aid the Bloomington who supported the first boycott but not the second, was not due ing the National Student Associa­ ment. Boudin’s ten-minute rebut­ Students. Besides the defendants tion. The American Civil Liber­ to any cooling off to the aims of the freedom-now struggle. Con­ tal was described by the Bloom­ and their attorneys, some 50 ties Union filed a “friend of the fronted with one set of Negro leaders saying “boycott” and an­ in g to n Herald-Telephone as a CABS supporters, both student court” brief. Articles on the case other saying “don’t boycott,” most allies and sympathizers of the “furious attack” which left the and faculty, attended. appeared in many journals with Negro struggle waited to see which set of leaders the Negro masses prosecutor’s argument “reeling.” national circulation. And well it might have. For both would follow. CABS has announced that its Hoadley’s legal brief and his oral That doubt should have been resolved by the participation of fight is not yet over. The danger presentation were completely in­ L.A. Rally for Morgan more than 168,000 children in the second boycott. If and when of an appeal by Hoadley remains. adequate, studded w ith erroneous Galamison and the other m ilitant Negro leaders call a third boy­ The committee is urging its sup­ citations, misinterpretations of law Is Held Despite Ban cott, they w ill in all probability have the support of New York’s porters to flood the Indianapolis and misrepresentation of prece- Before ending his tour to at­ and Bloomington press with let­ Puerto Ricans and others desiring to participate in the fight for tend his “subversion” trial in equality and justice. ters protesting any attempt to re­ Indiana, Tom Morgan was in­ vive the witch hunt. volved in a free-speech fight at CABS also announced that a Los Angeles City College. Both large outstanding debt remains as students and faculty there have a result of the expenses of the been at loggerheads with the case. It asked all supporters to Local Directory Los Angeles Board of Educa­ help in raising a final $3,000. Con­ tion over the right to hear “con­ tributions should be sent to CABS, troversial” speakers. The Board P.O. Box 213, Cooper Station, New BOSTON. Boston Labor Forum, 295 NEWARK. Newark Labor Forum, Box refused permission for either Y o rk , N. Y., 10003. H u n tin g to n A ve ., R oom 200. 361, N e w a rk , N ew Jersey. Morgan or Communist Party CHICAGO. Socialist Workers Party and NEW YORK CITY. Militant Labor spokesman Dorothy Healey to bookstore, 302 S o u th C anal St., Room 210. F o ru m , 116 U n iv e rs ity Place. A L 5-7852. W E 9-5044. speak on campus, though it did CLEVELAND. Eugene V. Debs Hall, OAKLAND-BERKELEY. Socialist approve a John Birch speaker. Workers Party and Militant Labor Fo­ Yours for the Asking R oom 23, 5927 E u c lid A ve., C leveland 3. rum: 592 Lake Park Ave., Oakland. The Los Angeles chapter of O hio. Phone 444-8012. M a rx is t lite ra tu re a v a il­ the Committee to Aid the DENVER, Militant Labor Forum. Tele­ able: write to Labor Book Shop at above For books and pamphlets on Cuba, phone 222-4174. address. Bloomington Students, with the support of the Student Civil the Freedom Now struggle, the labor DETROIT. Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 PHILADELPHIA. M ilitant Labor Forum W oodw ard. T E m p le 1-6135. P.O. B o x 8412. Liberties Union, then an­ movement, socialist theory, send for LOS ANGELES. Socialist Workers Par­ nounced a street rally for a free copy of our catalogue. ty , 1702 East F o u rth St. A N 9-4953 o r ST. LO U IS . Phone M a in 1-2669. A sk fo r WE 5-9238. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m. daily Dick Clarke. Morgan next to the campus. and Saturday. Protesting the speaker ban, over SAN DIEGO. San Diego Labor Forum. PIONEER PUBLISHERS MILWAUKEE. 150 E. Juneau Ave. P.O. Box 1581, San Diego 12, Calif. For 500 students turned out to hear labor and socialist books, Sign of the MINNEAPOLIS. Socialist Workers Party Sun B ooks, 4705 C ollege A ve. him and other civil-liberties 116 University Place and Labor Book Store, 704 Hennepin advocates, including ACLU at­ Ave., HaU 240. FEderal 2-7781. Open 1 S E A T T LE . 3815 5th N .E . L ib ra ry , book. New York 3, N. Y. to S p.m., Monday through Friday, Sat- store. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m. Saturday!. torney A. L. Wirin. ffrday, 11 a.m.-5 p.m. P hone M E 2-7449. Clark Foreman Monday, March 30, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Five

^iiimiiiiiimiiiimiiiiimiiiimiiiiimiiiiiiimiiiimmiimmiiiiimimiimmmMiimmmiiiimmimiimiimiiiimimiiiiiiiiimiiiiimiiiiiimiiimiiiittiiiiiiiiiu. TENNESSEE ELECTION CONTEST REVIEWS Rights Forces Enter Own Slate

MARCH 22 — The Negro peo­ |AND REPORTS] ple of Fayette County, Tenn. — ^iiuiiiiiiiHiHuiiniiiHuiniiiiiiiiiiiiiimiumnHumimimiiniimiiiiiuiHiiiiiiHHiimimiiuiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiumMiiiiiiiiimimiiiiiiuiiiiiiniiiiiiij: one of 135 counties in the South where Negroes are a majority of THE PRESIDENTIAL PAPERS. but more often than not he con­ the population — may set an im­ BiwnsviUe By Norman Mailer. New York: nects and delivers powerful portant precedent for the Deep Putnam , 1963, 310 pp., S5. punches against the conformity TIPTON HAYWOOD South this summer. On the basis Norman Mailer, one of the best that has been imposed on this of registered voters, they now American writers, has here col­ capitalist society. America needs have a realistic chance of electing Somerville lected various articles, interviews, such critics, even when they may candidates for county sheriff and .SHELBY a speech, poems and other w rit­ FAYETTE be wrong on this or that point. It tax assessor and they are going to ^irMemphb ings of the last three or four years. is to be hoped that Mailer will try to do it. He tries, with partial success, to keep punching, and that he will Since 1959, F ayette C o un ty has ■weave them together in a single DESOTO at the same time review the ex­ been the scene of a continuing at­ theme by introductory and con­ perience of his hopes about Ken­ tempt of Negroes to register and necting notes and the claim that nedy and learn some lessons from vote. Over the years, Negroes who TATE they constitute “presidential pa­ * ITUNICA' have registered, or even attempted pers,” dealing with questions that it. to register, have been subjected to a president ought to consider. The — G. B. Oxford severe economic reprisals and president he had in mind was THE BASIC WRITINGS OF physical violence. But despite the Kennedy, who died shortly after LAFAYETTE TROTSKY edited and intro­ terrror, registration — spear­ this book came out, not Johnson. ■ Ql/mWN duced by Irving Howe. Random headed by the militant Negro or­ Because Mailer had certain hopes House, 1963, 427 pp., $5.95. ganization called the Original and illusions about Kennedy. **Puncan YAL08USHA Fayette County Civic and Welfare Leon Trotsky was such a great TALLAHATCHIE In 1960, M a ile r covered the League — has continued to mount. BOLIVAR Democratic Party convention that thinker and writer, and the sub­ Now the League plans to sup­ nominated Kennedy, and he him­ jects he dealt with are so crucial .Clew? la nS GRENADA port an independent slate of can­ self endorsed Kennedy shortly be­ to our time, that any anthology of IEFU>RE didates in the non-partisan county Shaw ~ fore the election, the first one he his writings is bound to be ’ val­ Greemwod elections next August 6. The can­ had voted in since 1948. On elec­ uable. This applies to the present iiwnville didates are Leon T. Redfearn for Indianob tion night, he confesses, he felt volume, even thought it falls short sheriff and Rev. Dowdy for tax guilty about being “another gen­ of being what its publishers claim, assessor. Redfearn is a white teel traitor in the land.” But he “ the first comprehensive selection farmer who has the support and HOLMES kept hoping to the end that Ken­ from the life work of Trotsky.” TENN, confidence of the Negroes of the nedy might still be influenced in As the editor, Irving Howe, more county and Rev. Dowdy, a Negro, the right direction. correctly notes, “Whole sides of Trotsky’s life and thought do not is a sharecropper and pastor of Honest M an appear at all in this book.” Howe’s three rural churches. YAZOO But because Mailer is an honest explanation for such omission in Ran for Sheriff man, his assessment of Kennedy his selection is that he intended MADISON R edfearn ran fo r s h e riff in 1962 was unsparing — and devastating, this book mainly for readers w ith­ with Negro backing, but his sup­ especially after the invasion of out “intimate knowledge of rad­ porters had few poll watchers and Cuba in 1961. A n d because he is ical ideology or history.” We can’t were stymied by fraudulent pro­ a radical, his criticism of Ameri­ quarrel with that intention, so long cedures. Planks in the slate’s plat­ HINDS /RANKIK can society, including those areas as readers understand that the form include: an end to police most remote from politics, remains result is the loss of a considerable brutality, impartial enforcement savage, always unconventional part of the essence of Trotsky. without regard to color, action on and often acute. Currently Printed all complaints including those of Mailer writes here not from the a Negro against a white man, hir­ Map by Southern Patriot standpoint of Marxism or social­ Howe says “a good part of the material has been rescued from ing of deputies on a non-discrim- MISSISSIPPI DELTA REGION. Negroes are a majority in this ism, but of what he calls “ex­ inatory basis, and fair evaluation area but elections are monopolized by white minority. Just north istentialism” (and he himself says obscure journals and yellowed pamphlets, and some of it appears of all property regardless of race. of Mississippi line is Fayette County, Tenn., where more Negroes you’ll have to read the book to in English for the first time.” But There are about 21,000 Negroes understand what he means by have registered than whites and hope to elect interracial ticket. and 8,000 whites in the county. that). His main target is “totali­ another good part, in fact, the great majority, is from works that Some 7,500 Negroes and 3,100 ta ria n is m ,” w h ic h he sees triu m ­ necessary if the Negroes are to be asked to bring their cars to are currently in print and avail­ whites are eligible to vote if they phant not only in Nazi Germany gain representation. Fayette for use on election day. and Stalinist Russia, but also in able from Pioneer Publishers, register. According to a high of­ ficial in the Justice Department The project, in co-operation with The project has established sup­ A m e rica : where, moreover, they can be read untruncated. Those that are new­ who visited Fayette last fall, there the League, w ill send 30 election port centers in six cities: Ithaca, “Vast Central Swamp” ly translated here whet the ap­ are about 4,900 Negroes registered. workers into the area. They w ill Nashville, Atlanta, New Orleans, petite for a publisher with the That is, there are already more live in the 15 election districts for and New York City. Some $8,000 “And America was altered from Negroes registered than the pos­ is needed to finance the project. a nation of venture, exploitation, resources and intelligence to col­ some two months prior to the elec­ lect and issue the many volumes sible total of white voters. There­ A victory in this county would bigotry, initiative, strife, social tion, canvass the county and agi­ of Trotsky’s writings on political, fore, if the election is fair and have great importance for tfyose justice and social injustice, into a tate for a massive Negro turnout at literary and cultural matters that free, the candidates supported by who are disfranchised in other vast central swamp of tasteless the polls. The project will also have never been translated into the Negro community could win. black belt counties. The Fayette toneless authority whose depend­ train poll watchers. E nglish. County Project’s New York ad­ able heroes were drawn from FBI “Tent City” A lawyer on retainer will be dress is Apt. 13, 140 Suffolk St., The introduction is another men, doctors, television entertain­ needed to deal with the anticipat­ N .Y. 2, N.Y. ers, corporation executives, and thing. Howe admires and praises Fayette County made headlines ed attempts by racists to impose The Student Nonviolent Coor­ athletes who could co-operate with Trotsky for his literary stature in 1960 because of its “Tent City.” obstacles, “ legal” and otherwise, to dinating Committee’s Freedom public-relations men. The creative and his dedication to his ideas. The eviction of sharecroppers, a fair election in the county. In Singers w ill give a benefit per­ mind gave way to the authoritative But he is a social democrat, and which necessitated the erection of addition voters will have to be formance in New York City to mind, the expert took over from therefore an opponent of the rev­ tents to house them, was a re­ transported to the polls on election help. It will be at McMillan the small businessman, the labor olutionary Marxism that Trotsky prisal by the landowners against day. Since the county covers a Theatre on the Columbia Univer­ executive replaced the trade-union defended to his dying day. Howe Negroes who registered to vote. large area and there is no public sity campus April 1 at 8:30 p.m. organizer, and that arbiter of mo­ hints at a possibility (really Fayette County is cotton country, transportation, the project will The proceeds w ill be divided be­ rals, the novelist, was replaced Howe’s hope) that Trotsky would like the nearby Mississippi Delta supply teams of workers with cars. tween the Fayette County Proj­ by the psychoanalyst. Mental have become more “objective” and region and eastern Arkansas. Most In addition, interested persons w ill ect and SNCC. health had come to America. And abandoned his Marxist premises of the Negroes work as sharecrop­ cancer with it. The country had a if he had lived into the postwar pers and farm laborers. Those who collective odor which was reminis­ period, when Marxism is “insuf­ registered to vote were easily cent of a potato left to molder in ficient,” according to Howe, to ac­ known to landowners and, more Pressure of Maryland Students Wins a plastic box.” count for the phenomenon of to­ often than not, they lost their jobs Mailer sometimes swings wild talitarianism, the stability and as soon as th e ir a c tiv itie s became Passage of Public Accommodation Law and stumbles over his own feet, higher living standards of capital­ known. Such Negroes also found it ism, the evolution of the Soviet impossible to buy gasoline, borrow BALTIMORE — Pressured by leaders. They viewed the enact­ Union since Stalin, etc. at the bank, or to purchase simple mass demonstrations in Princess ment of the bill as a major vic­ necessities in the county’s stores. Anne, Cambridge and Annapolis tory and positive proof that dem­ Understood Sceptics Because of this reverse boycott, a and threatened with future dem­ onstrations bring results. Trotsky understood and fully suit was brought and won in fed­ onstrations in the spring and sum­ Gloria Richardson, civil-rights accounted for middle-class radical eral court under the Civil Rights mer, the Maryland legislature leader from Cambridge, termed skeptics of the Howe type, and act o f 1957. T he re s u lt was an passed a statewide public accom­ the passage of the bill “fantastic.” even in this collection there are injunction ordering that such in­ m odations la w . T he 1963 P u b lic She said that attention would now some passages that seem like de­ timidation cease. However, the in­ Accommodations Act had applied be turned to other areas such as scriptions of and answers to the junction has not been enforced, to only eleven of Maryland’s 23 jobs, housing and job-retraining present editor. There is no basis nor is there any reason to believe counties, the other 12 having ex­ program s. empted themselves from the Act. whatever for the inference that that it will be. The intimidation John Wilson, leader of the Mary­ The new legislation, however, Trotsky, if he had not been killed, and hardships continue. land State students who' demon­ covers the entire state. would have turned into some kind Last summer, three students strated in Princess Anne, com­ of Howe. The tools of thought from Cornell University in Ithaca, But victory, is not yet conclu­ mented that this victory was made that he rescued and sharpened are N.Y., participated in the Fayette sive. Die-hard segregationists are possible by the militant demon­ still the best available for organ­ County registration drive. They planning a petition campaign to strations carried out by students izing a socialist reconstruction of were Mr. and Mrs. Charles Haynie subject the legislation to referen­ who bravely defied water hoses the world, for handling the theor­ and Walter Tillow. What they dum. If they are successful, the and police dogs. etical problems that Howe thinks learned, the terrorism they experi­ Act would not go into effect until Stanley Branche of the Freedom they cannot solve, and — descend­ enced and the respect they de­ approved by the voters of Mary­ Now Committee in Chester, Pa., ing to a much lower level — even veloped for the Negro community land in November. told a civil-rights rally that now for explaining how the sophisti­ there, led the plans for a Fayette This possibility, however, has jobs are the important thing be­ cated critics of Marxism tick, and County Project to aid the election not dampened the enthusiasm cause Negroes can’t patronize w h y. campaign this §ummer. A great w ith which this measure has been places of public accommodation Norman Mailer G. B. deal of outside support will be received by Maryland’s civil-rights w ith empty pockets. Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, March 30, 1964 DETROIT RADIO INTERVIEW Report of a Recent Visitor to Cuba

The following is a transcript of at your service at all times of the olution and, as he put it, “with a a M arch 6 interview over radio day or night as in Mexico City. petit bourgeois consciousness.” At station WQRS-FM in Detroit with This fact, more than any other, the time, his human sensitivities Vernel Olson, a Canadian writer highlights the dramatic change in and the nature of his profession and lecturer who is chairman of the Cuban economy since the Rev­ caused him some concern about the Canadian Fair Play for Cuba olution. There is no longer an the health of the ordinary people. Committee and who recently re­ army of unemployed labor which He sensed a barrier between the turned from a visit to Cuba. is forced into handicraft produc­ health needs of the people and tion for the tourist industry. All the services of the medical pro­ Question: Mr. Olson, I under­ the youth are in schools up to and fession, but he said that he did stand that you spent five weeks in including university. All able not think too deeply about the na­ Cuba during the past December bodied men and women are con­ ture of the problem. In any event, and January, and that this was structively employed at all levels he considered private property to your third visit to Revolutionary of industry and agriculture. The be essential to medicine as well Cuba. miserable wages of the handicraft as to pro du ction. Answer: Yes, that is right. I was worker have disappeared forever Today, Dr. Alonso thinks quite present for the fifth Anniversary from the new Cuba. differently. He is an ardent sup­ celebrations in the Plaza of the The typical traces of under­ porter of socialized medicine which Revolution in Havana. I also at­ development in Cuba have disap­ he says has helped not only the tended the 26th of July celebra­ peared. There are no kids in the patient but also the profession and tions in 1961 following the inva­ streets begging, running errands the doctor. This opinion was GROWING UP RATIONAL. All Cuban children now have op­ sion of Playa Gir6n. My first visit or shining windshields. There are shared by Dr. Porro, the sub-di­ portunity for free education in a society that has stamped oul w as in 1960 a fte r the ru p tu re in no mature men and women eking rector of the National Hospital in racial discrimination. economic relations between Cuba out a miserable living in soul- Havana, and by many other doc­ and the'' United States, but prior destroying catering to wealthy tors I spoke to. think that I am being trite or But the situation is much more to the br§ak in diplomatic rela­ tourists from North America. tions. Q.: You mentioned earlier that playing with words. A look at the favorable for Cuba than even these the cultural community was the n a tio n a l budget fo r 1964 te lls us figures would suggest. The sugar Q.: You are in a position then, most loyal of all the professional a lot about the society. For in­ lands as well as industry are in I believe, to comment on the de­ Olson to Speak groups. Could you expand on this stance, over a quarter of the bud­ Cuban hands, the Cuban Govern­ velopment of the Revolution over point? get for this year w ill be devoted ment’s hands. The profits from the the past five years. What are some In New York to cultural activities, research and A.: Yes. It is not generally massive increase in sugar produc­ of your general impressions of social services, while the alloca­ NEW YORK — Writer and known that virtually the entire tion w ill be used to finance a long- Cuba as a result of your recent tion for national defense and in­ range industrialization program, lecturer Vernel Olson will cultural community of Cuba has visit? ternal security is less than ten per an industrialization program which speak here on his recent trip remained since the Revolution and A .: We were pleasantly surprised cent. The largest share of the bud­ w ill be in the long-range interests to Cuba. that many who left Cuba before to find the same casual atmos­ get, 29 per cent, goes for develop­ the Revolution because of the lack of the Cuban ecpnomy. The lop­ phere at the Jose Marti Airport, He w ill be the guest speak­ ment of the national economy. of opportunities in the cultural sided development of the past is in Havana. This casualness was very er at a May Day Banquet Cuba is now concentrating on in­ field have since returned. I spoke the process of being rectified. evident in 1961 and contrasted to creased production through effi­ sponsored by the Militant with many who have returned, Q.: W hat are some of the social Mexico on our return to Canada. ciency, as w e ll as th ro u g h in ­ Labor Forum. It will be held some very recently. A ll of these changes which w ill accompany this In Mexico we were treated as if creased production capacity. No on Saturday evening, May 2, people explained at great length change in economic relations, Mr, we had come from a leper colony. Cuban is afraid of losing his job at 116 University Place. their new-found freedom and op­ Olson? I am sure that it would have been as a result of greater production portunities. I spoke with writers, much easier to smuggle opium because all industry is in the A.: Great social changes are al­ stage directors, people in the movie into Mexico than literature. There hands o f th e society, as a w hole. ready taking place in Cuba. These But there are compensations for industry and others. was a political commissar at each changes are reflected in the cul­ the tourist in Cuba today. If you The major means of distribution baggage table who perused all At the present time there is a are also state owned. In agricul­ tural and artistic life of the coun­ are perceptive and wish to fathom public discussion going on over the try, giving rise to the establish­ literature found in our baggage. A a little deeper than what meets ture, 70 per cent of all lands are book we had taken with us from role of movies in the new society. organized in G ranjas, o r state ment of national art schools and, the eye, there is much that is re­ Cuba’s national film institute, in the field of music, to the crea­ Canada to read along the way, warding, yes stimulating, about farms. This has brought a trem­ Christianity and Revolution: The known in Cuba as ICAIC, has been endous increase in the standard of tion of orchestras, bands and the Cuban experiment. We spent following a policy of importing choruses. Cuba is establishing in­ Lesson of Cuba, by Leslie De­ five weeks doing just that and living of the cam pesino. T he na­ wart, was confiscated by the po­ films from all over the world, stitutions designed to stimulate the results were most rewarding. tional budget for 1964 w ill be $2.4 litical commissar. Our baggage many of which have been shown billion of which $1.8 billion or 75 and satisfy the cultural demands was not checked either entering Q.: Before you go any further, in Canada and the United States. per cent comes from the profits of of the great m ajority of the people. or leaving Cuba. Mr. Olson, a specific question ICAIC believes that the culture of state enterprises. $328 million These w ill contribute to rich cul­ all mankind should be available to tural traditions. Havana today Is quite different comes to my m ind about which I comes from income tax and $146 the Cuban people. fro m H avana o f J u ly 1961, ju s t would like to have your impres­ million comes from other taxes. Cuba has already made great three months after Playa Gir6n. sions. The popular opinion in this But there is disagreement with A ll economic and social activity strides in the field of education, A t that time it seemed that over country is that all or most of the this policy among some Cubans. is now planned. The entire re­ and socially is in advance of our half of the people were in m ilitia intellectuals and professionals left About a week after we arrived, the sources of the country are in the own continent. A ll education fees uniform and armed at all times. Cuba after the early part of the editor of the newspaper H o y c r it­ hands of the Revolutionary Gov­ have been abolished from ele­ T h e crisis atm osphere o f 1961 has Revolution. Can you substantiate icized fo u r fo re ig n m ovies as ernment. The first and most press­ mentary school up to and includ­ passed and the accent is on work or disprove this from your recent “reactionary.’’ For two weeks a ing problems are those related to ing university. This includes all rather than on defense. While in visit? free-wheeling polemic took place. over-coming the conditions of types of cultural schools. Cuba I met only one person who A.: As a matter of fact, this ques­ We were fortunate indeed to have technological underdevelopment Q.: Is Marxism-Leninism taught doubted the permanence of the tion was uppermost in my mind been there during this period be­ and all the attendant social evils. in the school system in Cuba? Revolution. This person voiced and I spent much time and energy cause we were able to sense the Q.: In recent months the Cuban A.: Marxism is taught only at most of his doubts about the Rev­ trying to find the answer. It is mood of freedom which exists in government announced that the the university level. Armando olution in front of our guide and true that many did leave in the the country. From a survey we country was going to concentrate Hart, Cuba’s minister of educa­ his fellow workers. early days. For example, about made, I would say that at least 90 per cent of Cubans support ICAIC on sugar production and in recent tion, says that students below the Q.: Mr. Olson, could you tell us 1,700 doctors le ft o u t o f a to ta l o f and a policy of full freedom of the weeks signed a long-term trade level of university are not able to something about the food situation 7,000. But it is also true that to­ assimilate or critically analyze day, five years after the Rev­ arts. There is little sympathy in agreement with the Soviet Union in Cuba? involving sugar. Does this mean Marxism. For this reason the sub­ olution, the medical profession is Cuba for the idea of Socialist A.: Food rations in Havana were that Cuba is again becoming de­ ject is not taught until the first the most loyal of the professional Realism as carried out in the So­ cut following the hurricane last year of university. In universities groups, perhaps with the excep­ viet Union. The polemic on art is* pendent on sugar and that she has fall and most of the large res­ Marxism is taught as a subject tion of the cultural community. just one of many public discus­ traded bondage to the United taurants in the city were closed. similar to history, geography, etc. We had several very interesting sions going on in Cuba today. States for bondage to the Soviet Before we left in January, ra­ Union? The ministry of education believes interviews with prominent doctors. tions had been restored to previous Q.: The daily press has inter­ that the best policy in earlier years We spent two hours with Dr. A.: It is true that the Revolution levels and the restaurants were preted the public discussion and has turned from its post-Revolu- is to teach the students to develop beginning to re-open. While there David Alonso, director of National self-criticism in Cuba as a symp- their critical faculties. The min­ Health Services for the island. Dr, tion policy of neglecting sugar I talked to Professor Hokinson ton of dissension in the society. production, a product which in the ister of education expressed these Alonso, a person completely devot­ views when asked by a visitor who teaches anthropology at the Would you agree with this inter­ past half century has symbolized University of Havana. We dis­ ed to the Revolution, gave w illing­ pretation, Mr. Olson? why Cuba did not teach Marxism- ly of his time to answer a host of the conditions over which the Rev­ cussed the rationing and his im­ A.: This is one interpretation olution was fought and won. The Leninism below the level of uni­ pressions after two years on the questions about health services in ve rsity. Cuba. This is a subject worth an but not, in my opinion, the cor­ leadership freely admits that island. Professor Hokinson, who is rect one. This interpretation is Cuba made a mistake and is now a widely travelled man, told me evening in itself so I cannot pos­ sibly deal with it tonight. Suffice made by those who are hostile to rectifying the mistake through a that the rations are more generous the Revolution or, at best, by massive effort to raise the produc­ than those in Sweden during the it to say that Cuba is well on the What's Behind road to establishing a completely someone who has no understand­ tion of cane to 10 million tons by war and those in Britain as late ing of the Revolutionary process the yea r 1970. as 1950. socialized health service for the The Events in Cuba? people of Cuba. You might be in­ in Cuba. The Cubans are in the The long-term agreement signed Q.: As a tourist, what were some terested to know that the grad­ midst of building a new society. between Cuba and the Soviet For a basic explanation of the so­ of the differences you noticed be­ uating classes from medical school I was not fully aware of the signi­ Union sets a price of six cents per cial forces behind the headlines, be tween Mexico City and Havana? in Cuba have taken an oath not ficance of this fact until my last pound. In 1965 Cuba w ill d e liv e r sure to read this illuminating pam­ visit there. Cuban society is very phlet. A.: The ordinary tourist will to practice mcdicine on a fee-for- 2.1 million tons, increasing each find Havana much different from a-service basis. This gives you open, I found, and there exists a yea r u n til 1968 w hen 5 m illio n Mexico City in many ways. As a some idea of the impact of the high level of intellectual honesty tons w ill be delivered, continuing The Theory tourist you w ill be able to wander Revolution on the consciousness of both on the part of the leaders and u n til 1970. A ll th is at a fix e d also on the part of ordinary anywhere in Havana without be­ the people. price of six cents a pound. In the Cubans. The leadership has set a ing accosted for a shoeshine. There If you don’t mind, I would like six years prior to the Revolution Of the are no shoeshine boys, or men, on high standard of intellectual hon­ the U n ite d States bo ug ht 16.235 to say more about my interview esty which has permeated the con­ the streets of Havana. In Mexico with Dr. Alonso. m illion tons. In the next six years City there are many mature men sciousness of the people. It is the S oviet U n io n w ill b u y 24.1 Cuban Revolution Q.: By all means, do, I find this thanks to this policy of openness shining shoes on the street for a m illion tons, or almost 7.9 million By Joseph Hansen living. As a tourist, you might be point very interesting. and honesty that Cuba still exists tons more. Besides, the average annoyed at the absence of cheap A.: I would like to say some­ despite massive efforts to over­ price w ill be six cents, an attrac­ 25c souvenirs for sale — which is thing about the consciousness of throw the Revolution. tive price when compared to aver­ characteristic of Mexico. You w ill the doctors of Cuba. Dr. Alonso When I say that Cuba is build­ age sugar prices over the past 50 PIONEER PUBLISHERS 116 Univarsity Place N.Y. 3, N.Y. find no hucksters or street vendors was a pediatrician before the Rev­ ing a new society, please don’t years. Monday, March 30, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Seven

[T h is colum n is an open jorum crimination, and poverty. We are pendence Movement (M.P.I.) is Liberties, 22 E. 17th St., New cated to individual freedom and lor all viewpoints on subjects o{ treate d as though w e are less than extending and intensifying its York, N. Y. of which Dr. Willard liberty, the private enterprise sys­ general interest to our readers. human. Most of our people are electoral boycott campaign in Uphaus is chairman, ran an ad in tem and preserving the inherent Please keep your letters under denied good jobs solely on the Puerto Rico because elections are the New York Times of February American heritage for our chil­ 400 words. Writers’ initials w ill be basis of our skin color — and absurd and humiliating under 6, 1964, c a llin g fo r th e repeal of dren. used, names being withheld unless many of us can get no jobs at all. colonial conditions. For this money the McCarran Internal Security Could the McCarran Act be authorization is given jor use.] Public facilities — such as schools, is needed. We independentistas Act because our constitutional construed as a direct violation ac­ hospitals, and playgrounds — are are in the great need of the help rights to think, speak, act, as­ cording to the First Amendment Need Your Help inferior and are rigidly segregat­ of our friends and sympathizers. sociate and publish are in danger of the U.S. Constitution? I wonder Any contribution w ill be appre­ as long as there is one McCarran Enfield, N.C. ed. Virtually no public accom­ how these “upholders” of the con­ ciated. Send it to Movimiento Pro Act victim. Readers were asked to We are Negro people in Halifax modations — hotels, motels, and stitution justify the existence of Independencia de Puerto Rico, urge the President, the Attorney County — the focal point of North restaurants — are open to us. The the McCarran Act? P.O. Box 274, New York, N. Y. General and members of Congress Carolina’s black-belt area, where homes that we live in — through K.M.G. 10024. to repeal this repressive law. two-thirds of the population is no fault of our own — are often J. A. Gonzalez-Gonzalez Negro, and where Deep South con­ woefully inadequate. The streets I wrote to President Johnson, Cassius Clay Permanent Delegate ditions in the Mississippi sense are in our neighborhoods are usually the Attorney General and Senators Brooklyn, N. Y. Mission to UN of Puerto deeply entrenched. unpaved and the civic services are Keating and Javits. No reply as The image of the “Free West” ' Rican Pro-Independence We appeal to you for aid. very poor. No Negro law enforce­ yet from the President. The De­ is once more in jeopardy. This M ovem ent Throughout Halifax County, ment officers are hired anywhere partment of Justice acknowledged time in the field of sports. Uncle there is rampant prejudice, dis- in the County. my letter (to the Attorney Gen­ Sam, as everyone knows, is one When, in protest to these in­ "Tip and Trigger"? eral) saying that my interest in of the best sportsmen in the world tolerable conditions, many hun­ New York, N. Y. writing to express my views is — honest, truthful, courteous, dreds of us demonstrated non- The newly granted “right” of appreciated. Senator Javits also helpful and loyal. Now, Cassius violently last summer and fall, we the police to “enter without knock­ appreciated having my comments, Clay threatens our national image were immediately subjected to ing” seems to some people to over­ saying he would have them before by telling the whole world that he massive clubbings, firehosmgs, lap with the right of a house­ him as legislation and policy de­ doesn’t wish to associate with and large-scale arrests. Hasty town holder to shoot anyone breaking velops in Washington. Nothing so whites and furthermore he is not ordinances have been passed to into his apartment. far from Senator Keating. a Christian but a Muslim. “ O n M a rch 13, S enator F ul- eliminate our freedom of speech Various misguided young friends I did not write my congres­ The head of the World Boxing bright Charged that McCarthy’s and assembly. Economic reprisals of mine, who imagine themselves sional representative, Mr. Carle- Association is taking steps to cor­ subcommittee ‘gets any confiden­ have been systematically carried to have suffered abuse at the ton J. King of Saratoga Springs, rect all of this by taking Clay’s tial information it wants’ from out against local civil rights lead­ hands of the police, have eagerly N. Y., in regard to the repeal be­ title away from him. FBI files, and gets it ‘whether the ers. Crosses have been burned and begun to form “tip and trigger” cause I knew he would not ap­ I would suggest that to avoid information has been authenticat­ death threats have been common. clubs to direct the police to select­ preciate my views on the subject, any further trouble of this kind ed or not.’ We are going to change this — ed apartments and there impress since they are diametrically op­ that they also direct the referees “He named Attorney General in a calm and determined fashion. them, quite forcefully, with the posed to his own, namely, that the that instead of their usual instruc­ Brownell as responsible for giving We are going to bring Halifax principle of the inviolability of a McCarran Act should be not only tions such as breaking clean and McCarthy access to the FB I’s vast County well into the twentieth man’s hearth. retained but enforced more vigor­ collection of ‘every kind of gossip, century. Our campaign for free­ Thus it might be a protection no below-the-belt punches they ously; not only that but he un­ insist on a loyalty oath like this, hearsay, and undocumented evi­ dom w ill continue on a week-after- for the police as well as for the doubtedly would like to see half “Do you promise to love, honor dence of all kinds.’ week and month-after-month basis public if some way were found a dozen or so similar laws en­ and obey all white people from “In view of the use of such until all of Halifax County is a of removing or invalidating the acted and which of course would this day forward?” Any boxer material by McCarthy, the Ar­ completely free and democratic recent “no knock” law before it have his full support. kansas Senator declared that he place for ourselves and our chil­ is brought to such a tragic test. that doesn’t accept this oath Mr. King has received a high would no longer give personal dren and, indeed, for all people. Steve Seltzer should be thrown out of the ring evaluations of persons uhder in­ There are many tools that we rating of 88 per cent for his vot­ immediately and a “good boy” put vestigation by the FBI ‘if they are shall use to make Halifax County Repeal McCarran Act ing record during the first session in his place. going to be turned over to Mc­ a decent place for everyone. One Glens Falls, N.Y. of the 88th Congress by Ameri­ Yours for American sportsman­ C a rth y .’ of the most important methods As you probably know, the Cit­ cans for Constitutional Action, ship. “ ‘Now Brownell says it is a will be voting — and we are izens Committee for Constitutional which said that Mr. King is dedi- Sylvia Weinstein civic duty to co-operate,’ Ful- launching a thorough, grassroots bright said, ‘but I don’t see how voter registration campaign which I am performing any civic duty w ill encompass every city block by telling them whether I think and country road. We shall be in­ this or that man is loyal . . . In stituting economic boycotts and this atmosphere that McCarthy has akin direct action pressures to It Was Reported in the Press created, you can go back and achieve basic reforms — when crucify a man for something he ‘friendly persuasion’ fails. We are Another ‘Free W orld’ Recruit — bott, vice president of the Nation­ work “and unable to find it.” The did 20 years ago. I am not going setting up community education Dr. Wernher Von Braun, who was al Farmers Union. He said this other 350,000, he asserts, simply to be a party to that.’ and welfare centers throughout one of H itler’s guided-missile ex­ was due prim arily to a continuing aren’t looking. Maybe they’re sav­ “Fulbright deserves commenda­ the area — to conduct classes in perts and now a key figure in the drop in cattle prices brought about ing shoe leather. tion for deciding to . . . stop pass­ literacy and public affairs — and U.S. rocket program, has appoint­ by the squeeze of monopolist prac­ ing on gossip to the FBI . . . to distribute food and clothing to ed Dr. W illiam A. Mrazek as chief tices by the large retail food Note to New York C liff Dwellers “Now how about the other 95 the countless needy families in the engineer for America’s Saturn chains. He might have added that — T he New York Times house­ m em bers of the Senate and 435 region. moon rocket project. Mrazek was while the chains were forcing hold page reports that “One of the members of the House of Repre­ And we are going to win — for one of Hitler’s technical experts down the price to farmers they biggest boons to the pleasure of sentatives?” — M a rch 29, 1954. ourselves and for North Carolina who helped develop the V-2 rocket were also boosting the price to cooking ,is a roo m y and w e ll- and for our Nation. used for the bombing of England. consumers. equipped kitchen.” W e need — as soon as possible Against Company Policy — Phil­ 20 YEARS AGO Socialized Medicine, Anyone? — Bias Not Selling? — One of — various types of help: financial lip B. Woodrofe, an official of the The Tobacco Institute, represent­ Princeton’s 16 exclusive “eating contributions to help defray the Bethlehem Steel Corp., told news­ “Jim Crow in the Army follows ing the country’s 15 major cigaret­ clubs” is folding for lack of mem­ costs of our Movement and to pur­ men March 17 that he had been the most vicious pattern of the te producers, is fighting a pro­ bers. The clubs, which are the chase food for the needy; clothing forced to resign because of his white Southern ruling class, even posed Federal Trade Commission university’s equivalent of fraterni­ for the needy; and books — of all membership in the Bethlehem to the perpretration of a new requirement that cigarette pack­ ties, have been widely charged ‘Scottsboro’ case. Two young Ne­ kinds — for the literacy and pub­ Community Civic League, a new lic a ffa irs classes. ages and advertisements carry a with anti-Jewish bias. gro soldiers in New Caledonia last warning that cigarettes are a organization which he said is de­ June were sentenced to life im pri­ We ask you to send your in­ dicated to the improvement of race health hazard. The Tobacco In­ Bi-Partisan Ticket Shaping Up sonment by an all-white officers vestment in a really free and relatio ns. stitute was given a strong assist — On meeting a man who de­ court-martial on the charge of democratic North Carolina to: Mr. A. Reed Johnson & when the American Medical As­ One View of Jobless — Secre­ scribed himself as a “Truman Re­ ‘raping’ a confessed prostitute who sociation, which is presumably tary of Labor W illard Wirtz says publican,” and having someone admitted accepting money from Mrs. Lillie Cousins Smith concerned w ith the nation’s health, there are 1.1 million young peo­ else argue there’s no such thing, the soldiers. Halifax Movement joined it in opposing the proposed ple betw een the ago of 14 and 24, Truman replied, “Sure there is.” “The facts concerning the 408 South Dixie Street warning notice on the claimed who are out of work. Of course, He explained: “They are sort of frame-up are contained in a brief Enfield, North Carolina ground that “ health hazards of ex­ he says, 750,000 are looking for like Nixon Democrats.” filed with Secretary of War Stim- cessive smoking have been well- son by the National Association Stimulated publicized for more than ten years, for the Advancement of Colored New York, N. Y. and are common knowledge.” People. The brief charges the Thank you for continuation of m ilitary authorities with ‘bias and copies of The M ilitant for the two Progress Report — New York persecution’ and ‘brutal coercion’ weeks after the expiration of my City has 177,544 Puerto Rican in forcing confessions from the introductory subscription. I have pupils in its public schools but imprisoned youths, Frank Fisher found this paper very stimulating not a single Puerto Rican on the Jr., 21, and E d w a rd R. L o u ry , 22. and exciting, and hope to be a Board of Education. The city ad­ “According to the NAACP brief, subscriber for a long time to come. ministration apparently feels now the evidence presented at the L.K. that some gesture is necessary. So court-martial was of the most con­ a new school being built in Brook­ tradictory type, with favorable Appeal for Aid lyn w ill be named after a Puerto testimony being excluded. The al­ Rican, Carlos Tapia, who was ac­ New York, N.Y. leged victim, Louise Mounien, a tive in community-welfare work. Friends of Puerto Rican inde­ professional prostitute, herself ob­ pendence: This election year is Two-Way Squeeze — Farm jected to the arrest of Fisher and crucial for Puerto Rican Independ­ prices declined three per cent last L o u ry . ence. The' Puerto Rico Pro-Inde­ year, according to Glenn J. Tal- “Two medical reports of the woman within 24 hours of the ‘rape’ revealed that there were no marks of violence or other indica­ Thought for the Week tion that she had been forcibly at­ “The rent strikers don’t think I ’m irresponsible. I can’t please tacked. This evidence was with­ everyone.” — Harlem rent strike leader Jesse Gray when asked in a held from the court-martial.” — TV interview about New York Police Commissioner Murphy’s attack A p r il 1, 1944. on him as an “irresponsible leader.” Page Eight th e MILITANT Monday, March 30, 1964 Seek 2,000 Rights Workers Ohio Rights Demonstrators Win For Mississippi Vote Drive Lifting of Anti-Picket Injunction JACKSON, Miss. — At least in clud e re c ru itin g 1,000 w h ite and 2,000 fulltim e, civil-rights workers Negro college students to man w ill conduct voter-registration and “Freedom Schools” community political-education programs in centers, and to work on a voter- Mississippi this summer. This registration drive. The COFO w ill “Mississippi Summer Project” is also run two Negroes for Con­ being organized by the Council of gress in the Mississippi’s Second Federated Organizations (COFO), and Fifth Congressional districts. a coalition of national and local COFO Chairman, Dr. Aaron civil-rights groups working in Mis­ Henry of Clarksdale. state NAACP sissippi. head, said Mrs. Fannie Lou Hamer One phase of the project w ill be of Ruleville would oppose the in­ a “Freedom Registration” cam­ cumbent, Rep. Jamie Whitten, in paign in which 400,000 Negroes the Second District. Rev. John who have been denied their vot­ Cameron of Hattiesburg w ill op­ ing rights will be registered on pose the incumbent, Rep. W illiam “Freedom Registration” books. Colmer, in the Fifth District. The These w ill serve as the basis for two Negro candidates w ill also challenging the official books of run in a “Freedom Primary” at the state and the validity of the the time of the state’s Democratic “official” federal elections this Party primary, COFO workers fa ll. said. Robert Moses, who has headed Plan to Challenge the Student Nonviolent Coordinat­ If both the Negro candidates ing Committee (SNCC) vote drive lose in the “official” elections, here since 1961, and Dave D ennis they plan to challenge the seating of the Congress of Racial Equality of the winning candidates. “We w ill direst the summer drive. intend to challenge whether the The “Freedom Summer” plans country will permit people to be elected from districts where Ne­ groes are not allowed to vote,” 39 Rights Pickets said Moses. The summer project is designed to mobilize and train Mississippi’s Sentenced in Ark. Negro population for social and political action. The summer cam­ For 'Trespassing' paign w ill include: • Freedom Schools that will PRELUDE TO POLICE ATTACK. This was scene in Yellow Springs, Ohio, March 14 just before PINE BLUFF, Arkansas, March give youth and adults political cops attacked civil-rig h ts sitdowners w ith tear gas, hoses and clubs. The demonstrators — stu­ 19 — Pine Bluff Municipal Judge education as w e ll as high-school dents from Antioch College, Central State College, and Wilberforce University — were protesting Wilton Steed this morning con­ level courses more stimulating and continued flouting by local barber of Ohio law barring refusal of service to Negroes. Standing victe d 39 m em bers of the Pine critical than those offered in Mis­ in foreground at right and leading demonstrators in song are SNCC’s Freedom Singers. Bluff Movement on charges of sissippi’s segregated schools. “trespassing.” They were each sentenced to 30 days in jail and a • Community centers that will By Arthur Maglin raised during their stay in the area business in Yellow Springs was or­ $500 fine and are out on $1,500 provide recreation, health instruc­ YELLOW SPRINGS, O., March to the legal defense of those ar­ ganized by Negro and white bail pending appeal. tion, job retraining, organized 19 — Jim Crow in southwestern rested. townspeople, including Antioch The fight against the injunction The charges arose from an in­ sports and libraries. Ohio has suffered a severe blow. College professors. The merchants cident Feb. 17 when comedian Dick The police violence here on March was carried to ultimate victory themselves reported the boycott to • Freedom Registration that w ill despite all the arrests. The injunc­ Gregory and Student Nonviolent 14 not only failed to smash the be very effective. register Negroes on mock polling tion was dropped. Unfortunately, Coordinating Committee Field mass demonstrations against se­ The Village Council switched its lists to “prove Negroes in Missis­ that had no legal effect on the Secretary William Hansen were gregation but evoked a wave of position in the face of massive sippi w ill register if allowed to do contempt-of-court citations arrested for refusing to leave the local and national revulsion indignation on the part of Yellow so.” against those arrested and jailed. “white only” lunch counter of against the employment of such Springs residents. Some 250 towns­ The injunction was dropped be­ “Ray’s Truck Stop” on Highway • Freedom Elections to be held brutal measures. people came to the council meet­ cause three of the parties who 79 here. The 39 were arrested two during the Democratic primary on The demonstrations took place ing March 16, demanding it with­ had originally asked the court to days later while picketing the June 2. when an injunction was issued, draw its support for the injunction issue it, turned around and asked truck stop, protesting segregation. barring more than three pickets and retract its statement condon­ • Challenging the seating of Mis­ for its withdrawal. The three The trespass law is currently at a time at Gegner’s barbershop, ing the police violence of March were: Lewis Gegner, the barber­ being tested in another case be­ sissippi congressmen in the U.S. the establishment which had 14. shop owner; the Yellow Springs fore the U.S. Supreme Court House of Representatives on the become the symbol of defiant se­ One interesting fact has come Village Council which, like state which will decide whether it is grounds that many Negroes are gregation in this area. Helmeted out about the police brutality on and county authorities, had pre­ constitutional for a state to use the denied the right to vote in the police used tear gas and a fire hose that day. There was considerable viously followed a “go-easy” po­ trespass law to support a private state. against the demonstrators who speculation as to why the police licy toward Gegner’s defiance of individual’s efforts to maintain were mostly students. first sprayed the demonstrators • Voter-registration drives that Ohio’s public-accommodations act; segregated facilities. Over 100 demonstrators were with the fire hose and then, w ith­ w ill attempt to enroll an addition­ and BOYS, (Business Organiza­ out warning, tossed tear gas into al 25,000 Negroes on the state’s arrested and charged with con­ tempt of court for defying the in­ tions of Yellow Spring). their midst. It seems that gas is books. Students Protest Lack junction. While they were in jail The businessmen changed their water-soluble, turning into a • Emergency relief and welfare some 2,000 m ilitant demonstrators views when a mass boycott of all burning acid when dissolved. aid for Negroes facing job losses marched around the building to Of Human Rights in Iran or evictions because of their par­ show their solidarity and to pro­ NEW YORK, March 19 — Some ticipation in the vote drive. test the police brutality. Southern Calif. Phone Union 40 students demonstrated in front Dr. Henry said students were The prisoners kept up their spir­ its by singing Freedom songs, to of the United Nations today to being recruited for the project ’at seven centers located on Northern the great annoyance of their ja il­ commemorate the short-lived na­ Wins Partial Victory in Strike college campuses and in large ers who threatened to throw tear tionalization of the Iranian oil in­ cities. gas into the cells if the singing By A1 Johnson didn’t stop. But the singing con­ dustry by Premier Mohammad LOS ANGELES -— The five While the strikers succeeded in tinued and the gas never came. Mossadegh 13 years ago and to month strike against the General making some important advances, protest the currrent suppression of Crowded Conditions Telephone Company ended when the strike was only partially suc­ human rights in Iran. Jail conditions were extremely workers belonging to locals of the cessful. Its original aim had been AFL-CIO Communications Work­ to bring wages and working con­ The demonstration was spon­ overcrowded. One typical cell con­ tained 28 demonstrators and 19 ers of America voted 3,383 to 735 ditions at General Telephone into sored by the Iranian Student As­ regular prisoners. The capacity of to accept a proposed contract. line with those of the other tele­ sociation in the United States. Sim­ the cell block was only 16 —- ev­ The strike was a partial success phone company, Pacific Telephone. ilar demonstrations took place eryone over that number had to despite all attempts by the com­ But this was not accomplished. throughout Europe, sponsored by sleep on the concrete floor or sit pany to wreck the union. These Record Profits the Confederation of Iranian Stu­ up at a table; there was not included injunctions, the hiring of General Telephone, which is en­ dents, the world organization of room enough for all on the floor. scabs and putting managerial and joying record profits based on some 25,000 students outside of Principal defense attorney is supervisory personnel to work on higher rates, hypocritically main­ Ira n . Victor Rabinowitz of New York. jobs left by the strikers. tained that it could not be respon­ A spokesman for the demonstra­ He was asked to come into the The new contract includes a sible to its stockholders and sign a tors here pointed out that the case by his daughter, Joni, an 3.5 per cent pay increase now with contract such as other phone com­ students were picketing at the UN Antioch student. She herself is a a five cent hourly minimum boost panies have signed. because all forms of protest had former worker with the Student and further wage negotiations in Acceptance by the CWA of a been suppressed in Iran. They Nonviolent Coordinating Commit­ 1965 and 1966. The d e te rm in a tio n bclow-par contract is an undeni­ called on the UN Commission on tee and is one of those now ap­ of the strikers also secured some able setback. Nevertheless the Human Rights to establish a fact­ pealing conviction in a federal important fringe benefits, includ­ strike served as a warning to the finding mission to study the viola­ frame-up in Albany, Ga. ing medical insurance to be paid labor-hating company that the un­ tion of human rights in Iran. • The Freedom Singers of SNCC for now by the company. Further­ ion cannot be busted. Company Signs carried by the demonstra­ happened to be in town at the more all deductions from pensions attempts to intimidate the strikers tors included: “Stop Aid to Iran’s time the injunction barring dem­ because of income from Social w ere a to ta l fa ilu re . Thus, in es­ Corrupt Government,” “Restore onstrations was issued. They sup­ Security are to be eliminated sence, the workers proved to them­ Constitutional Rights in Iran,” and ported the idea of more demon­ within ten years and w ill be cut selves that a victory is indeed pos­ “We Protest the Harassment of strations and participated in them. fro m 50 per cent to 40 p e r cent sible even against arrogant com­ Iranian Students.” Robert Moses They also donated half the funds on June 1. panies such as General Telephone.