Apichart Vanavichit Health & Medicine︱ pigments in differing compositions that are responsible for the many shades of rice. Red and purple bran rice have significantly higher total and flavonoid concentrations and antioxidant capacities than light-coloured bran rice or other cereals due to their higher concentrations of proanthocyanidins Riceberry rice and anthocyanins, respectively. The concentrations of the bound phenolic Thailand’s antioxidant-packed nutraceutical and super food! and flavonoid levels accounts for approximately half of those in light- coloured bran rice, but are lower than (2) It first entered the Thai hole grain Riceberry rice climate is favourable for the growth those in purple and red bran rice . market over ten years ago, entered the Thai rice of high-quality rice. Today, there are and today Riceberry rice is W market over ten years ago approximately 20,000 Rai of Riceberry Light brown rice bran contains known amongst consumers and is well known for its distinctive registered to a variety of organic leucoanthocyanin; red rice holds for its distinctive appearance, appearance, nutritional value and certification programmes including cyanidin-3-glucoside anthocyanin; The potential anti-cancer activity of compounds extracted from Riceberry bran was evaluated in human nutritional value and numerous numerous health benefits. Very popular transitional, organic Thailand, IFOAM, EU, and navy blue rice has delphinidin- cancer cell lines (Caco-2, MCF-7 and HL-60) using anti-proliferation and BrdU incorporation assays on dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts. health benefits. Developed among vegetarian, vegan, and health- COR, and USDA (1). The investment return 3-glucoside anthocyanin. The bran at Kasetsart University’s Rice conscious consumers, it is positioned for this farmland is estimated at 6,500 is also rich in other compounds Science Centre in Thailand as an organic food and has excelled Thai Baht (THB) per Rai with the benefits including dietary fibre, proteins, Riceberry bran is loaded with powerful with the help of Apichart in premium markets, gaining a high averaging 32,500 THB per season (1,354 lipids, phytosterols, vitamins, Vanavichit’s research team, price. An ideal source of complex $ per hectare). In total, the return of minerals, antioxidants, anthocyanin, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents consumption of the whole carbohydrates, dietary fibre, vitamins, research investment was estimated to and polyphenols. This has made it a grain promises a sustainable minerals and antioxidants, Professor be approximately 600 million THB. subject of research as scientists aim and vital health-promoting compounds, solution to several non- Apichart Vanavichit and his research team to discover new biologically active helping lower the risks from disease. communicable diseases, at the Rice Science Center, Kasetsart Riceberry has been endorsed under the compounds or phytochemicals hidden namely food related chronic University show that the wholegrain offers plant variety protection law since 2017 within the thin cell layers wrapped compounds – polyphenol, tannin notable effects being on the HL-60 diseases. Its rich purple many additional health benefits. and trademarks have been registered around the endosperm of the rice and catechin levels in Riceberry were cell line (3). Specifically, the compound pigment, like most super successfully both in Thailand and bran. The extraction of these bioactive found to be 3-10 times higher than those gramisterol has been shown to prevent foods, is associated with the The researchers initially developed internationally under the Department of compounds can be carried out with the in normal brown rice. Most impressive acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) abundance of phytochemicals, in this case over 80 Riceberry with the aim of boosting Intellectual Properties since 2011. Whilst use of solvents, enzymes and a variety of all are the high levels of vitamin B1, by increasing IFN-γ production which antioxidant compounds. nutritional values, fragrance and the taste these are owned by public institutes, of ultrasonic assisted methods. B2, B3 and B9 in dark purple Riceberry. in turn protects the dysfunctional of rice. Riceberry was developed from they can be licensed for use in the Notably, 100g of Riceberry contains 48 immune system of leukaemic mice a cross between two renowned Thai global market. CHEMOPROTECTIVE µg folate (vitamin B9). Flavones found in by enhancing transcription signal rice strains: Jao Hom Nin, a Thai non- COMPOUNDS IN PURPLE RICE Riceberry such as apigenin, phytosterols, controlling proliferation and functions glutinous purple rice, and Khoa Dawk Riceberry is popular amongst farmers Dichloromethane and methanol and triterpenes like lupeol have been of hematopoietic cells in the spleen. Mali 105 (Thai Hommali rice). The purple- as it doesn’t require commercial rice extraction of Riceberry rice reveals shown to confer chemoprotective Together with IFN-γ, gramisterol black coloured grain was developed milling but is sold in its whole grain the presence of chemoprotective properties in a variety of human efficiently facilitates leukemic by Prof Vanavichit’s team in 2002 and form. Consumers are spoilt for choice compounds in Riceberry bran including cancer cell lines including Caco-2 mice immune system modulation several years of integrated research into with over 108 brands of Riceberry rice beta-carotene and lutein, which are (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) leading to an improvement of its nutritional properties, anthocyanin on supermarket shelves. With a smaller not found in white rice. Additional and HL-60 (leukemia) with the most the AML conditio (4). stability, and physical and cooking acreage than Thai Hommali Rice (THM), properties followed. To date, there Riceberry has been used to develop over are 65 research projects focused 66 products. When compared to other on Riceberry with 39 patent products developed from THM, red rice, applications and 18 endorsed and other purple rice, Riceberry products patents. Notably, Riceberry have seen a rise in sales beginning in bran is loaded with powerful 2013, outperforming THM between 2017 antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and 2018. The Riceberry farmer stands agents and vital health- to gain an average of 10-20 THB more promoting compounds that per kg of Riceberry sold. This successful can help to lower the risks product development has been attributed from disease. to its appealing taste and vibrant purple colour as well as its biochemical Certified organic Riceberry rice properties and potential medical benefits. valleys have been established Riceberry is popular amongst farmers as it doesn’t require in 12 focus areas around the north NUTRITIOUS AND DELICIOUS commercial rice milling but is sold in its whole grain form. and northeast of Thailand where the Rice bran contains a variety of flavonoid

www.researchoutreach.org www.researchoutreach.org INHIBITORY EFFECT OF studies reveal that the supplementation and restored superoxide dismutase, HYDROLYSED RICEBERRY RICE of Riceberry bran (up to 41%, w/w) catalase, glutathione peroxidase, BRAN EXTRACT ON COLON in streptozotocin-induced diabetic coenzyme Q10 and Oxygen Radical Behind the Research CANCER CELL LINE rats fed a high fat diet ameliorates Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) levels HRBE has been shown to specifically hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, in diabetic rats (6). inhibit the colon cancer cell lines growth oxidative stress and inflammation Apichart Vanavichit rather than normal cell line (human as proven by effects on biochemical RECOVERING ORGAN HISTOLOGY fibroblast). HRBE’s effect was shown to parameters such as blood glucose and Another effect of the antioxidants found E: [email protected] T: +66 815274070 W: http://dna.kps.ku.ac.th occur in a dose- and time-dependent insulin levels. It is proposed that these in Riceberry bran is the attenuation of the antibiotic gentamicin’s hepatoxicity Research Objectives References and nephrotoxicity. The antibiotic, which Whole grain Riceberry rice entered the is obtained from the gram negative The Rice Gene Discovery Laboratory aims to utilise 1. Rice Science Center & Rice Gene Discovery, (2017), biotechnology as a tool for making improvements in Thai rice. ੉้าวไร⹌์เบอรร์ ่�| Riceberry, [Online], dna.kps.ku.ac.th. Available bacterium Micromonospora purpurea In collaboration with the Rice Science Center, the ultimate at: https://dna.kps.ku.ac.th/index.php/news-articles-rice-rsc- Thai rice market over ten years ago is used to treat a variety of infections. goal is to bridge functional genomics with rice breeding. rgdu-knowledge/rice-breeding-lab/riceberry-variety and is well known for its distinctive With the looming threat of antimicrobial resistant bacteria strains and dangers of 2. Min, B., Gu, L., McClung, A., Bergman, C., & Chen, M. appearance, nutritional value and antibiotic use in the immunocompromised, (2012). Free and bound total phenolic concentrations, antioxidant capacities, and profiles of proanthocyanidins this alternative diet therapy could possibly Detail numerous health benefits. and anthocyanins in whole grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) of be used to supplement a variety of Professor Apichart Vanavichit Ph.D. different bran colours. Food Chemistry, 133(3), 715-722. doi: manner, and had different cytotoxic on are the effect of increased antioxidant conventional medical interventions through Rice Science Center, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.079 the different cell types. The MTT assay levels on insulin tolerance and reduced its use as an effective nutraceutical. A Kasetsart University, result at 72 hours after treatment showed B cell apoptosis which subsequently 2016 study revealed that rice bran extract No. 1 Village No. 6 Kamphaeng 3. Leardkamolkarn, V., Thongthep, W., Suttiarporn, P., Saen, that our extract has less cytotoxicity on improve liver and pancreas function (5). improved the function and expression of Kongkachuichai, R., Wongpornchai, S., & Wanavijitr, A. (2011). Nakhon Pathom, 73140 Chemopreventive properties of the bran extracted from a normal cells compared to the colon renal organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) Thailand newly-developed Thai rice: The Riceberry. Food Chemistry, cancer cell lines and had more effect Although rice bran contains 8-10% oil, it by modulating an antioxidant defence 125(3), 978-985. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.093 on non-metastatic cancer cell line than is a major source of highly lipid-soluble pathway known as NF-E2-related nuclear Bio metastatic cancer cell lines. antioxidants such as gramisterol, gamma factor 2 or PKC/Nrf2 in gentamicin-induced Apichart Vanavichit gained his Ph.D. in crop science and 4. Somintara, S., Leardkamolkarn, V., Suttiarporn, P., & oryzanol, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and nephrotoxicity in rats.(7) A 2017 study became the director of Rice Science Center. He was the Mahatheeranont, S. (2016). Anti-Tumor and Immune Even though HRBE could induce cellular lutein. Hyperlipidaemia is a major risk investigating the effects of rice bran extract lead Thai scientist in the team that sequenced the rice Enhancing Activities of Rice Bran Gramisterol on Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. PloS one, 11(1), e0146869. apoptosis and senescence in colon cancer factor for heart disease and a symptom on gentamicin induced hepatoxicity in rats genome with 9 other nations. His centers have led in the discovery of genes for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (aromatic gene). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146869 cell lines, the anticancer mechanism and of many metabolic disorders including showed Riceberry bran extract significantly Significant outcomes from his research include a new cellular characteristics were different diabetes and obesity. Studies have prevented the elevation of gentamicin- ideotype rice for organic farming. 5. Prangthip, P., Surasiang, R., Charoensiri, R., depending on the stage of cancer. This demonstrated that the use of Riceberry induced serum levels of the liver marker Leardkamolkarn, V., Komindr, S., & Yamborisut, U. et al. finding will be useful and applicable bran oil (RBBO) raises the levels of enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (2013). Amelioration of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, Funding oxidative stress and inflammation in steptozotocin-induced for medical research and colon cancer higher density lipoprotein (HDL or good and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (8). National Research Council of Thailand, National Center for diabetic rats fed a high fat diet by riceberry supplement. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Kasetsart University treatment in the future. cholesterol) and decreases low density Journal of Functional Foods, 5(1), 195-203. doi: 10.1016/j. lipoprotein (LDL or bad cholesterol) in The benefits of Riceberry are undeniable. jff.2012.10.005 ANTIOXIDANTS AND TREATMENT streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. One The organic purple rice boasts an Collaborator Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University OF METABOLIC DISEASES study revealed that after 12 weeks, RBBO unprecedented 81 antioxidants, and 6. Posuwan, J., Prangthip, P., Leardkamolkarn, V., Yamborisut, In addition to cancer prevention, significantly decreased malondialdehyde as the medical research field expands, U., Surasiang, R., Charoensiri, R., & Kongkachuichai, R. (2013). Long-term supplementation of high pigmented rice bran there’s potential to exploit these in a oil (Oryza sativa L.) on amelioration of oxidative stress and therapeutic context – elevating it from Personal Response histological changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats a nutraceutical to a first line treatment. fed a high fat diet; Riceberry bran oil. Food Chemistry, 138(1), In 2019, Kasetsart University endorsed What is next for your research? 501-508. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.144 the Riceberry integrated projects with To keep up with higher demand of Riceberry, Arjinajarn, P., Pongchaidecha, A., Chueakula, N., a Platinum award for topping socio- 7. further genetic improvement for productivity and Jaikumkao, K., Chatsudthipong, V., & Mahatheeranont, S. et economic impact in Thailand. Non- nutritional density have been undertaken to reduce al. (2016). Riceberry bran extract prevents renal dysfunction communicable diseases such as type 2 production cost and consequently make Riceberry and impaired renal organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) diabetes and its cohorts are the main more accessible for the lower income population. function by modulating the PKC/Nrf2 pathway in gentamicin- beneficiaries of Riceberry antioxidant We are integrating Riceberry in diet therapy induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Phytomedicine, 23(14), 1753- programmes preventing NCDs and rejuvenating mediated recovery of organ histology. 1763. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.014 your metabolic syndrome. New low glycaemic rice However, there remains plenty of work varieties were successfully developed to ameliorate 8. Arjinajarn, P., Chueakula, N., Pongchaidecha, A., to be done to develop an effective and Fig. A Cellular senescence inducing effect of Fig. B Cellular senescence inducing effect insulin insensitivity, cardiovascular disease, colon Jaikumkao, K., Chatsudthipong, V., & Mahatheeranont, HRBE on HT-29 cells after treated with 0 mg/ml of HRBE on SW-620 cells after treated palatable supplement to complement the cancer, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among S. et al. (2017). Anthocyanin-rich Riceberry bran extract (A), 0.5 mg/ml (B), 1 mg/ml (C), 2.5 mg/ml (D), with 0 mg/ml (A), 0.5 mg/ml (B), 1 mg/ current diet therapy approach. Riceberry the ageing population. To develop new biofortified attenuates gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing and 5 mg/ml (E) for 24 h compared to 0.5 mg/ ml (C), 2.5 mg/ml (D), and 5 mg/ml (E) for and cosmetic products, research is underway to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats. ml Mitomycin C treatment (F). The blue stained 24 h compared to 0.5 mg/ml Mitomycin has made a strong impact on product cells with flatten and enlarged cell morphology C treatment (F). The blue stained cells innovation, economics, and Thai society, actively transform colourful Riceberry bran into Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 92, 412-420. doi: 10.1016/j. represented the cellular senescence status with flatten and enlarged cell morphology promising to connect organic cultivation functional ingredients. biopha.2017.05.100 indicated by the white arrow heads. represented the cellular senescence status to healthy food and cosmetic products HRBE : Hydrolysed Riceberry rice bran extract indicated by the white arrow heads. HT-29 : non-metastatic colon cancer cell line. SW-620: metastatic colon cancer cell line. both now and in the future.

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