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Vol. 76 Valencia, III-2020 FLORA MONTIBERICA Publicación periódica especializada en trabajos sobre la flora del Sistema Ibérico Vol. 76 Valencia, III-2020 FLORA MONTIBERICA Publicación independiente sobre temas relacionados con la flora y la vegetación (plantas vasculares) de la Península Ibérica, especialmente de la Cordillera Ibérica y tierras vecinas. Fundada en diciembre de 1995, se publican tres volúmenes al año con una periodicidad cuatrimestral. Editor y redactor general: Gonzalo Mateo Sanz. Jardín Botánico. Universidad de Valencia. C/ Quart, 80. E-46008 Valencia. C.e.: [email protected] Redactor adjunto: Javier Fabado Alós (Jardín Botánico, Universidad de Valencia) Redactor página web y editor adjunto: José Luis Benito Alonso (Jolube Consultor Botánico y Editor, Jaca. www.jolube.es). Edición en Internet: www.floramontiberica.org, donde están las normas de publicación. Flora Montiberica.org es la primera revista de botánica en español que ofrece de forma gratuita todos sus contenidos a través de la red. Consejo editorial: Antoni Aguilella Palasí (Universidad de Valencia) Juan A. Alejandre Sáenz (Herbarium Alejandre, Vitoria) Vicente J. Arán Redó (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid) Manuel Benito Crespo Villalba (Universidad de Alicante) Fermín del Egido Mazuelas (Universidad de León) José María de Jaime Lorén (Universidad Cardenal Herrera−CEU, Moncada) Emilio Laguna Lumbreras (Departamento de Medio Ambiente. Gobierno de la Comunidad Valenciana) M. Felisa Puche Pinazo (Universidad de Valencia) Editan: Flora Montiberica (Valencia) y Jolube Consultor Botánico y Editor (Jaca) ISSN papel: 1138–5952 — ISSN edición internet: 1988–799X Depósito Legal: V-5097-1995 Impreso en España por Quares DOI vol. 76: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18871.06564 Los contenidos de Flora Montiberica están indexados en: Desde 2014 los contenidos de Flora Montiberica están indexados en base de datos de resúmenes Scopus de la editorial Elsevier. Portada: Biarum dispar (Schott) Talavera, procedente de Margarida (Alicante). Véase la pág. 147 de este número. FLORA MONTIBERICA Volumen 76 Gonzalo Mateo Sanz, ed. Valencia y Jaca, marzo de 2020 (Distribución electrónica el 13 de marzo de 2020) Flora Montiberica 76: 3 (III-2020) ISSN 1138-5952 – eISSN 1988-799X IN MEMORIAM: XABIER LIZAUR SUKIA (1952-2019) Hace unos días, en la madrugada del viernes 20 de diciembre de 2019, fallecía nuestro amigo y colega botánico Xabier Lizaur Sukia, en el hospital de Zumárraga (Guipúzcoa), tras una repentina enfermedad, a la edad de 67 de edad. Desde el año 2013 permanecía ingresado en la residencia Txindoki de Lazkao, donde lentamente se iba recuperando de una afección cardiovascular que le había obligado a vivir para siempre en silla de ruedas. Había nacido en el frío mes de febrero de 1952 en la localidad guipuzcoana de Oñati, donde estudió hasta que su familia se trasladó a Donostia cuando él tenía 16 años. Cursó la carrera de Ciencias Biológicas en la Universidad de Navarra. Era miembro, desde los inicios de los 80, de la Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, en la que juntamente con María Salaverría impulsó la creación del herbario ARAN. Fue, desde sus inicios, el principal organizador del grupo de botánicos vascos que publicaron a lo largo de los siguientes años numerosos trabajos de flora y vegetación del País Vasco. Del Catálogo Florístico de Álava, Vizcaya y Guipúzcoa de 1984, fue el último en “desembarcar” con su concienzuda Actualización (Suplemento) redactada en solitario en el año 2003. En las Claves ilustradas de la flora del País Vasco y territorios limítrofes, publicadas en 1999, en la que no figura como autor, sin embargo tuvo que encargarse del que probablemente era el asunto más complejo y dificultoso de todos los tratados, los temibles Hieracium. Antes y después, entre 1982 y 2012 publicó, o redactó para diversas administraciones, numerosos trabajos sobre flora y vegetación. Era una persona seria; un trabajador que disimulaba su pasión por el conocimiento veraz tras unas maneras de ser firmes pero respetuosas cuando se trataba de discutir temas complejos. Y es de justicia reconocer que prefirió siempre retornar a sus propias convicciones cuando presentía que no cabía posibilidad de acuerdo. Poseído por una cultura humanística y una ética científica superior en intensidad y pureza a la de sus colegas, lamentablemente no pudo, debido a las limitaciones que le impuso su insidiosa enfermedad, llegar a ser el maestro de todos ellos. Los versos cantados por Xabier Lete en recuerdo de Xalbador sirven para recordar o más bien reclamar hoy la presencia de nuestro amigo y colega. Sean… “Donde estás, en qué prado pastor de Urepel que subiste por las faldas del monte, a por el futuro que ya es recuerdo huyendo”. Juan A. Alejandre. 3 Flora Montiberica 76: 4-14 (III-2020) ISSN 1138-5952 – eISSN 1988-799X LA INVASIÓN DE AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA (MILL.) SWINGLE EN MADRID 1,2 Álvaro ENRÍQUEZ DE SALAMANCA 1 Draba Ingeniería y Consultoría Medioambiental. C/ Cañada Nueva, 13. 28200-San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid). [email protected] 2 Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución. Unidad de Botánica. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. C/ José Antonio Novais, 12. 28040-Madrid. [email protected] RESUMEN: El ailanto (Ailanthus altissima) es una especie naturalizada en gran parte del mundo. En España está profusamente citada solo en Cataluña, pese a estar ampliamente distribuida por toda ella. Hasta 1980 las citas en la provincia de Madrid se limitaban a la capital; en 1999 aparecía en el 40 % de sus cuadrículas UTM de 10 km de lado madrileñas; y en 2019 en el 77 %. Actualmente aparece en todo el territorio madrileño salvo las zonas por encima de 1300 m, siendo rara en la Sierra Norte y el suroeste. Su expansión ha sido principalmente radial desde la capital, siguiendo sobre todo carreteras, con focos secundarios asociados a plantaciones. Se ha utilizado poco en jardinería, lo que pone de manifiesto su capacidad invasora. En la actualidad está en fase invasiva, con infestaciones locales. Invade sobre todo zonas ruderales, pero cada vez es más frecuente en riberas, e incluso melojares. Es preciso erradicar la especie en zonas donde su invasión es aún incipiente. Palabras clave: plantas invasoras; corología; Ai- lanthus; Madrid; España. ABSTRACT: The invasion of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle in Madrid. The tree of heaven is a species naturalized by much of the world. In Spain it is profusely cited only in Catalonia, despite being widely distributed. Until 1980 references in Madrid (province) were limited to the capital; in 1999 it appeared in 40% of the 10 km UTM grid where Madrid is included; and in 2019 at 77%. It appears throughout the territory of Madrid except for areas above 1300 m, being rare in the Sierra Norte and the southwest. Its expansion has been mainly radial from the capital, mainly following roads, with secondary points associated with plantations. In has been scarcely used in gardening, which shows its invasive ca- pacity. It is currently in invasive phase, with local infestations. It invades especially ruderal areas, but it is increasingly common in riverbanks, and even oak forests. The species must be eradicated in areas where its invasion is still incipient. Keywords: invasive plants; chorology; Ailanthus; Madrid; Spain. INTRODUCCIÓN GLE, 1916). Saint-Hilaire indicó en 1824 que se encon- traba naturalizada en parques y jardines de gran parte de El ailanto o árbol del cielo, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Europa (GUILLOT, 2009), y hay constancia de ejemplares Swingle, es una especie originaria de China y norte de naturalizados en 1906 en Alemania (HEGI, 1906). Parece Corea, donde crece en muchos tipos de hábitats, entre que la especie tuvo una gran expansión por muchas ciu- 100 y 2500 m (HUA & THOMAS, 2008; NAVARRO & dades centroeuropeas y en Londres en los solares abier- MUÑOZ, 2015). Es la única especie del género que puede tos tras los bombardeos de la Segunda Guerra Mundial crecer en regiones templadas y frías (HU, 1979), requi- (KOWARIK & SÄUMEL, 2007). riendo una temporada de crecimiento larga y cálida, En Estados Unidos se introdujo en 1784, y en 1841 heladas invernales regulares y precipitaciones anuales de era ya frecuente en viveros; en 1888 estaba asilvestrado más de 500 mm (KOWARIK & SÄUMEL, 2007). En Eu- en varios estados (HU, 1979). ropa es frecuente en el Mediterráneo, reduciendo su En España la especie se cita como plantada a lo largo presencia hacia el norte, donde queda asociada a ciuda- del siglo XIX (Cavanilles en 1803, Lagasca en 1811, Cutanda des, si bien desde 1980 ha sufrido una expansión, que y Amo en 1848, Barceló en 1867, Willkomm y Lange en 1870; coincide con una sucesión de años templados (KOWARIK véase GUILLOT, 2009). En la edición de 1818 de su Agri- & SÄUMEL, 2007). PYŠEK & al. (2009) consideran que es cultura general (ALONSO de HERRERA, 1818) se refleja la especie de planta exótica más extendida en Europa. que “se haya ya tan conaturalizada en España, que La especie llegó a Europa a finales de la década de parece ser indígena de nuestro suelo”. 1740, cuando el jesuita Pierre d’Incarville envió semillas El ailanto tiene buena tolerancia a la contaminación, desde Pekín a París, donde Bernard de Jussieu plantó una un crecimiento muy rápido y una fácil propagación de parte y envío otra a Inglaterra en 1751, que llegó a manos semilla y por brotes radicales (NAVARRO & MUÑOZ, de Philip Miller y Philip Carteret Webb. Este lote de 2015), lo que pronto despertó el interés por la especie. En semillas fue viable, y dio lugar a los primeros ejemplares Estados Unidos se barajó su empleo en repoblaciones, cultivados en Europa, en Paris y Londres. En 1782 hay pero ya en 1852 había voces que lo consideran un usur- constancia de su cultivo en viveros en Utrecht (SWIN- pador, posiblemente influenciadas por la primera guerra 4 A. ENRÍQUEZ DE SALAMANCA del opio (finalizada en 1842), que despertó recelo hacia MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS lo chino; en todo caso, a partir de 1920 se descartó su uso extensivo en repoblaciones, quedando como especie Para analizar la evolución de Ailanthus altissima en la ornamental (SHAH, 1997).
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