And a Wind Farm? 52 Spotlight on Grids 54 Q&A with Ana Aguado, CEO, Friend of the Supergrid Wind Directions Is Published Fi Ve Times a Year

THE EUROPEAN WIND INDUSTRY MAGAZINE

December 2012 Volume 31/No 5

INTERVIEWS: NEOKLISNEOK SYLIKIOTIS Cyprus’ Energy Minister Squeezing wind energy:

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Nordex_Ad_Availability_210x297.indd 1 03.08.12 14:39 | contents |

THE EUROPEAN WIND INDUSTRY MAGAZINE

December 2012 Volume 31/No 5

letter from the editor 5 Finding a way through the maze of wind energy fi nance interview 8 Neoklis Sylikiotis, Cypriot Energy Minister opinion - Adam Barber 11 Learning lessons from looking back feature 13 The next seven years of EU spending interview 16 Francesco Starace, Chief Executive Offi cer, Enel Green Power brussels brieﬁ ng 18 wind news 21 feature 22 New report: “net cost” for wind energy is cheaper than gas wind worker 26 Ruben Fijn, Project Manager bird ecology, Bureau Waardenburg Paula Souto Pérez, Operations Manager, Wind Vision focus 30 The fi nancial roller coaster: wind energy and the fi nancial crisis A grey short-term outlook country focus 39 A closer look at Cyprus opinion - Junior Isles 41 Sing from the same hymn sheet keeping up with EWEA’s blog 42 feature 44 A single electricity market will pave the way to energy security technology corner 48 Wind turbines and aircraft: fi nding ways to coexist mini focus Wind farm tourism: a museum, a city tour - and a wind farm? 52 spotlight on grids 54 Q&A with Ana Aguado, CEO, Friend of the Supergrid Wind Directions is published fi ve times a year. EWEA news 55 The contents do not necessarily refl ect the views and policy of EWEA. new members 56 Publisher: Christian Kjaer Acting Editor: Zoë Casey the last word 58 Writers: Zoë Casey, Chris Rose, Junior Isles, Adam Barber, Philippa Cem Özdemir, co-chairman, German political party Jones, Sarah Azau Alliance ‘90/The Greens Design & production: www.inextremis.be Cover photo: Clara Ros Additional design and photographic input: Clara Ros, Jesús Quesada

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 3

| letter from the editor |

By Zoë Casey Acting Editor

Finding a way through the

maze of wind energy fi nance Photo: EWEA/Bickley

t’s been a few years now, but the economic Minister of Commerce, Industry and Tourism and Icrisis seems to be ever-present in the world’s Energy in Cyprus to fi nd out more about his coun- headlines. Wind energy avoided the brunt of the try’s approach to renewables and what the renew- crisis in the early years, but today the impact of able energy priorities are for the current Cypriot EU the fi nancial and economic crisis is beginning to Presidency. And, if you’re keen to learn more about be felt and for many of us its impact is harsh. wind energy on this island nation, turn to pages 39- That’s why, in this edition of Wind Directions, 40 for a new extended (by popular request) ‘country we decided to explore what the crisis means focus’. for wind energy from the tough reality of gaining EWEA’s 2013 Annual Event – set to take place access to fi nancing to the new opportunities that in Vienna from 4-7 February - is just around are emerging. the corner and with this in mind we interviewed The eight-page focus will take you right back the Annual Event’s Conference Chair Francesco to the roots of the crisis to the outlook for wind Starace, CEO of Enel Green Power to explore just energy over the coming years, exploring fi nancial what he thinks the hot topics of this highly-antici- players from banks and international institutions, pated event will be. to pension funds and insurers. Meanwhile, for a deeper delve into the idea Money remains the backbone of this issue with behind the ‘supergrid’ we interviewed Ana Aguado, a two-page mini-focus on the EU budget for the CEO of Friends of the Supergrid and session chair at 2014-2020 period. It might seem like a long way EWEA 2013 to fi nd out why Europe needs a super- off but discussion is already heated on how much grid and what it will take to get there. the overall budget should be. We explore what is From the technology corner – this issue explor- at stake for wind energy R&D and Europe’s elec- ing aviation lighting – to the ‘last word’ with Cem tricity infrastructure. Özdemir, co-chairman of the German political party Right now Cyprus holds the rotating Presidency Alliance ’90/The Greens, this issue is bursting with of the EU, and so we spoke to Neoklis Sylikiotis, relevant information. Enjoy! ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 5

| interview | “Preventing climate change is a strategic priority for the European Union”

With Cyprus currently holding the Presidency of EU, Chris Rose talks to Neoklis Sylikiotis, Minister of Commerce, Industry, Tourism and Energy in Cyprus to get the lowdown on his government’s and the EU’s approach to wind power.

What is the state of the onshore wind renewable energy projects, and specifi cally the power industry in Cyprus today and what decision that 2% of the income from renewable levels does the government want it to projects be given to the surrounding communities. attain by 2020? From then, a number of wind projects were ap- There were fi ve wind parks under com- proved and implemented and nowadays there are mercial operation as of May 2012 no major objections from the citizens. consisting of 81 wind turbines installed in Cyprus with a total capacity of 146.7 What are the challenges the wind power sector in MW. Another two wind parks are under Cyprus faces today and how can they be overcome? construction, and that will bring up the The challenge that the wind industry faces today is total capacity to 165 MW. According to the limitation of the maximum capacity that can be the National Action Plan for renewable installed. A number of projects could be imple- energy, a total of 300 MW wind capacity mented but the grid limitations and the security

Photo: Cypriot Energy Minister will be operational at the end of 2020. of the grid is a major obstacle for further deployment, especially because of the isolated nature Considering that Cyprus is an island, is there any of the grid. The Government of Cyprus is exploring movement in the nation to begin developing the possibilities to interconnect the island with other offshore wind sector? If not, why not? countries (Greece and/or Israel) as a way to par- Cyprus had supported one application for a fl oat- tially solve the problem. One additional option that ing wind park under the NER300 [an EU fi nanc- the Government is investigating is pumped storage ing instrument] with a total capacity of 54 MW. that will help further the wind energy penetration in However, the project was not selected by the Cyprus. European Investment Bank. In addition, the fact is that the depth of the sea at the distance of few How is the ongoing economic crisis affecting kilometres from the coast of Cyprus exceeds 30m Cyprus and what role does wind power and other and the average depth exceeds 150m. In most renewables play during these diffi cult times? cases this makes the deployment of offshore The economic crisis is affecting Cyprus in a lot wind parks economically not viable, and not tech- of different ways including the development of nically feasible. renewable energy sources. Some “In 2011, licensed projects cannot be imple- How do citizens of Cyprus feel about mented since the interest rate has the wind power industry? Cyprus’ fossil been increased rapidly in the last two When the fi rst support schemes fuel imports years making some of the projects were announced from the not viable. Furthermore the fi nancial Government, the Cyprus citizens cost €1.56 institutions cannot (easily) fi nance new were opposed to the installation of billion.” projects due to capital constraints. wind parks, causing a lot of troubles to the investors. However, this has changed since In your country, do economic concerns always 2009, when the Government adopted new support come before environmental considerations such schemes and measures for both the investors as the necessity for climate change mitigation? and surrounding communities that accommodate Renewable energy projects are promoted

Seventh century castle in Paphos, Cyprus

8 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | interview | within the framework of sustainable development What is your view of subsidies for the various “The completion whereby economic, environmental and social pro- energy technologies? grammes are taken into consideration. According Policy design for any support scheme is of great of the EU to the renewable energy law, every consumer of importance and has to be evaluated every year internal energy electricity is charged for every kWh consumed, a for each different energy technology, mainly due green levy, of €0.50 per kWh. The above amount to the rapid reduction of the technology costs. market in 2014 is collected in a special fund that is promoting Cyprus operates support schemes since 2004 is a key priority.” renewable energy and energy saving technologies, and the experience showed that the renewable through the National Action Plan. technologies producing electricity are more likely to choose feed-in tariff schemes rather than grand How much of the energy portfolio in Cyprus is depend- schemes on capital investment. ent on imported fossil fuels such as oil and how much does that dependence cost the nation each year? Twenty-fi ve years after the Single European Act For the year 2011, fossil fuel imports contributed there is still no single market in electricity. Do you the 95.5% of all the primary energy consumed in see the completion of a single market in electricity Cyprus. The expenditure for the above imports as a political priority? was €1.56 billion. The completion of the EU internal energy market in 2014 is a key priority. The importance of the In 2020 the EU’s 20% binding renewable energy completion of the internal market as pre-condition target runs out. Do you agree with EWEA’s demand to restore competitiveness and growth of the for an EU 2030 renewable energy target to be in European economy has been recognised by the place by the end of the current Parliament and EU leaders twice: the fi rst time in February 2011 Commission? and the second time in June 2012. Within this Article 23(8) of the Renewable Energy Directive context, the main energy priority of the Cyprus (2009/28/EC) foresees that the Commission Presidency is to facilitate an agreement with the shall present a report by 31 December 2014 European Parliament on the Regulation on Trans- - after thorough analysis of certain aspects of European Networks before the end of 2012. The the current policy framework - and if appropri- energy infrastructure regulation is of vital impor- ate, to submit certain proposals to the European tance to be adopted and implemented rapidly, as Parliament and the Council. Moreover Art. 23(9) it will contribute to the completion of the internal of that Directive foresees that the Commission energy market by 2014, the elimination of energy shall present a renewable energy roadmap for the isolation by 2015, as well as the energy and post-2020 period, in 2018. climate goals for 2020, while at the same time The Cypriot presidency of the EU, recognising it will contribute to the long-term vision for a low- the positive impact of the contribution of renew- carbon EU economy. able energy to the EU’s growth and job objec- The existing market seems to work for renew- tives as well as the opportunities offered by the able energy, as far as fullfi ling the current EU development of renewables, including security of targets. The completion of the EU internal energy supply, set as a priority the adoption of Council market could help renewable energy to achieve an Conclusions on renewables at the Energy Council even higher market penetration. that took place on 3 December 2012. In this way the Cypriot Presidency aims to start discussions Do you see climate change rising back up the po- for a solid EU post-2020 renewable energy frame- litical agenda with the Arctic summer sea ice melt- work, that will take into account the experience ing at record rates and, as Climate Commissioner gained with the current renewable policy frame- Connie Hedegaard has noted, costly extreme work, including its cost-effectiveness and the weather events are on the increase? interactions between different targets and instru- Preventing climate change is a strategic prior- ments, and their implementation. Such a frame- ity for the European Union. Europe is work- work should also be supportive of security of ing hard to cut substantially its greenhouse supply, innovation and competitiveness and thus gas emissions. Any evidence indicating that contribute to promoting long-term EU objectives extreme weather events are on the increase for an energy and resource effi cient, sustainable should be properly evaluated and fed in the and low-carbon European economy. political agenda. ■

PhoPhPhoto:o iStocttoockphkkpphototoo

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 9

| fi nancing column|

Adam Barber examines the thorny issue of fi nancing and the wind industry. Learning lessons from looking back

ithin any emerging market, defi ning key mo- The £428 mn deal to appoint Blue Wments of evolution and growth can be harder Transmission as operators of the London than you think. Particularly since, for those stuck Array wind farm link. And confi rmation in the thick of it, such milestones can seem from the likes of Statkraft to invest muted, with revolution seemingly impossible. €710 mn in two Swedish wind farm Then some bright spark sticks a target on the projects and there’s a positive pattern beast and the grumbling rising up from those hard of fresh, early-stage investment that’s at work in the offi ces and on the factory oorfl really started to emerge. begins. However, that’s not to say that the Communications Photo: Tamarindo The ambitions are too high, they will say. And past six months has been without its the leap is simply too far. wider share of troubles. Or that this Moreover, the targets are simply a set of impos- appetite for early stage risk and invest- sible and overly ambitious fi gures that can never be ment has been matched with the level of realistically achieved. institutional investment typically thought Adam Barber and his team It’s a common argument that’s all too familiar. to be required for more mature projects provide counsel and advice to And perhaps more despairingly, it’s something that and wind energy ventures. ambitious businesses operat- only then leads to wider conversations regarding Indeed, it’s a point that has perhaps ing in the fi nancial services and the need for targets, incentives and subsidies, right been best exemplifi ed by the likes of energy space. from the start. PWC, who released an industry report However, such thinking is to miss the point. suggesting that approximately $4 - $5 bn He is the publisher of A Word Particularly since it’s often only really possible to had been left on the deal table in October About Wind and the founder of understand what can truly be achieved by taking the alone. Tamarindo Communications. time to stop and think. By better celebrating suc- For the most part of course, these cess. And, in doing so, by looking back to recognise secondary stage deals will continue to just how far we’ve already come. convert, albeit at a slower pace than Take, for example, the second half of 2012. perhaps initially expected. Back in July, the start of the European summer However, as the onshore wind markets continue marked an impressive period of growth for European to evolve and as developers, manufacturers and ear- wind. DONG Energy signed two deals totalling 6 ly-stage investors look to new areas of the market GW of new capacity. Then, Transmission Capital to repeat the trick, there’s little time to sit back and acquired the transmission assets for the Ormonde wait. Particularly as it’s these secondary deals that Offshore Wind Farm, in a move worth over £100 mn often impact on subsequent re-investment decisions (€124.9 mn). further down the line. Both developments generated headlines and Perhaps then, as we enter the fi nal phase of turned heads and, when combined with the UK 2012, it’s important for the industry to not just per- Government’s decision to grant consent for two petually look forwards but to also look back. As an further East coast offshore farms, (thereby adding emerging energy economy, we’ve become increas- a further 1GW of capacity to the European mix) pro- ingly disciplined at not just setting targets but at vided a welcome boost of confi dence, to investors sticking to them. and to the markets. That’s an important step towards market maturity Then in August, Mainstream Renewable Power and it’s an important step towards instilling greater announced its intention to develop the 450MW levels of investor confi dence and certainty, too. Neart na Gaoithe project, to be located off the However, it’s by no means the only way in Scottish coast. It was a development that provided which we should measure progress. And as the the project with a much-needed construction start race towards 2020 inches closer, let’s take the date, as well as a long-term public commitment to time to remember how far we’ve come – not just invest up to £1.4 bn in the initiative. over the past few decades – but also in the past Add to this the news that the 1.5 GW Moray Firth twelve months alone. For new market investors, zone became the fi rst of nine offshore Round Three track records matter as much, if not more than projects to enter the planning application process. tenacity alone. ■

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At the end of this year the EU aims to decide on the budget for 2014-2020. Zoë Casey investigates what is at stake for wind energy.

oney. We’re talking about it a lot right now. MAnd so are the of cials of the EU who, along with Heads of State of the EU’s Member States and European Parliament, must decide how big the EU budget should be from 2014-2020. Recent attempts to reach agreement in Brussels failed ignominiously and the next meeting has been set up for the New Year. The EU runs on a seven year budget which is spent on programmes ranging from the Common Agriculture Policy to R&D, and for the next budget period, the European Commission has proposed a raise in the budget from €130 billion per year (from 2007-2013) to €146 billion per year, which would raise the total budget over the seven years to €1,025 billion. Under that proposal, the Commission has allocat- Photo: Giselinde Van de Velde Photo: Giselinde Van ed a total of €80 billion to the EU’s R&D programme from 2014-2020 – called “Horizon 2020” – and it’s but that includes both gas and electricity with no precisely that R&D budget that wind energy can ben- clear guidelines on how much of that €9.1 billion e t from. Encouragingly, the European Parliament’s should go to electricity. energy committee voted in November to allocate The European Wind Energy Association is working three-quarters of the energy part of Horizon 2020 hard to ensure that the EU’s next budget reects to renewables, energy ef ciency, smart grids and the high priority given to energy and climate com- “The European storage. That would make a total of €6 billion mitments in EU policy in its 2020 climate and re- (including the Intelligent Energy Europe programme newable energy targets, and that the next budget Wind Energy for sustainable energy). But the Parliament now is a “growth” budget. But what does that mean? Association is enters negotiations with the EU Member States, and at the recent discussions some - Germany, the UK, Why should the EU invest in wind R&D working hard to the Netherlands and Sweden - opposed a rise in the and electricity infrastructure? ensure that the EU budget since they contribute most to it, and so Right now wind energy meets around 6.3% of the cutbacks may be made. EU’s total electricity demand but, according to the EU’s next budget Meanwhile, there’s another programme you European Commission’s own estimates, wind energy reﬂects the high may have heard of – called the “Connecting is likely to be the key electricity generating technol- Europe Facility” in EU jargon – that wind energy ogy by 2050 meeting between 31.6%-48.7% of the priority given to also stands to bene t from since it includes EU’s electricity needs. To reach that level however, energy and climate money for boosting the EU’s ageing electricity in- wind energy technology must innovate to become frastructure. The Commission has said that €9.1 more ef cient, and the grid must be modernised commitments in billion should be spent on energy infrastructure and developed to better integrate wind. EU policy.”

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 13 | feature |

Picking the way through the budget battles

SHOW ME THE MONEY!

“Investment in “Investment in wind energy R&D is needed to bring which the Commission has identi ed to be €200 wind energy down costs,” Vilma Radvilaite, Policy Advisor at billion by 2020, including €140 billion for electric- EWEA explained. “The European Commission’s ity,” Radvilaite said. R&D is needed targets could be met with a concerted R&D push But as debates intensify on the total sum of the EU’s to bring down to achieve the targets in a cost-effective manner,” next multi-annual budget, some are suggesting that Radvilaite added. “Wind energy should be allocated cuts need to be made and both the Horizon 2020 costs.” €1.3 billion (a sum the Commission itself has said and the CEF budgets are under threat. And, the is needed to implement the wind energy R&D plan) dilemma doesn’t stop with how much is spent on through a dedicated budget line to give security, Horizon 2020 – wind energy’s share will still need to transparency and stability to the sector,” she said. be decided, probably at some point next year. That €1.3 billion would come from the €80 billion A lot hangs in the balance and this year’s Horizon 2020 budget and be channeled to wind discussions concern the high level budget deci- energy R&D via the Wind Industrial Initiative. sions. Once these decisions have been made, “Moreover, for the Connecting Europe Facility, fresh battles will start about what is allocated the proposed €9.1bn is urgently needed to cover where under those big budget headings – but just a small part of the huge infrastructure needs that is for 2013. n

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PITCH SYSTEMS PITCH PRODUCTS SLIP RING SOLUTIONS BLADE SENSING SYSTEMS GLOBAL SERVICES | interview |

“Despite a diffi cult macroeconomic environment, the wind industry remains resilient”

Francesco Starace, Chief Executive Offi cer of Enel Green Power and EWEA 2013 Conference Chair spoke to Zoë Casey on the opportunities in wind energy’s emerging markets.

What motivated you to get 3,000 MW are concentrated in Europe. Our strategic in to wind power? growth plan is remarkable and will involve all those Enel Green Power is the countries where there are basically three elements: Enel Group company abundance of wind resource, forecasted growth in dedicated to the develop- terms of energy demand and a stable regulatory ment and management of framework. renewable energy sources In our 2012-2016 business plan wind tech- at the international level, nology supports consistently our medium-term with operations in Europe, growth representing approximately 57% of new North America and investments, while the rest is distributed among emerging markets. The the other technologies. In the next fi ve years, company covers all the our reference countries for new opportunities of main renewable sources growth in the wind sector are the United States, from wind and solar to Brazil, Mexico and Chile, where we estimate a hydroelectric, geothermal signifi cant growth potential for wind power. and biomass. Our initial portfolio of How would you describe the opportunities in wind assets included a smaller power’s emerging markets? proportion of wind power Emerging markets are characterised by demo- if compared to geothermal graphic and income growth which in turn produces and hydro, and that is also an increase in energy demand. Where these con- why our most recent plans ditions are accompanied by a stable regulatory framework and by suitable wind conditions, we believe

Photo: Enel Green Power “Wind-produced electricity that there are very interest- have focused more on is approaching the average ing business opportunities the development of wind for players active along the energy technology. wholesale electricity price in wind supply chain. a number of large markets Our 2012-2016 strategic Where across Europe and plan foresees projects in a the world does Enel Green – including Italy, Spain, UK number of emerging mar- Power have a presence and China.” kets including Brazil, Chile, and where do you foresee Mexico, Turkey, South Africa new opportunities? and Morocco and our commitment to operate in Currently Enel Green Power has an installed capac- new markets with high potential is supported by ity of over 7,500 MW, with over 680 operational our decision to dedicate more than 40% of our plants in 16 countries. Around 3,900 MW of the planned capital expenditures to investments in total installed capacity are wind plants and almost emerging markets.

16 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | interview |

How is the lack of fi nancing affecting the industry? other side, suppliers are expanding the range of Do you see a way out of the current diffi culties in their products with new turbine models having sourcing fi nancing? If so, when and how? taller towers and larger rotor diameters, which We are well aware that the economic downturn guarantee higher effi ciency and also lower costs. combined with some unfortunate changes in Wind-produced electricity is approaching the support schemes for wind energy – especially average wholesale electricity price in a number in Europe - have put a strain on the ability to fi - of large markets – including Italy, Spain, UK and nance many wind projects and this is something China – and has already attained parity in Brazil. we envisioned since our inception as a listed The competitiveness of wind power is expected company. to increase further due to cost reductions and Enel Green Power has a very strong and increases in effi ciency. reliable cash fl ow and consequently we have developed a self-fi nanced growth plan, with limited Enel Green Power claims to work towards the use of project fi nancing, and fostering on our protection of the environment – what measures ability to identify projects with very high potential in particular does this involve for wind farms? in promising markets. In the planning, siting, design and operating of wind facilities, environmental aspects are central What are the changes in Italian government sup- to our analysis. port for renewables and how are they affecting Our designers integrate wind turbines into you? the landscape, using an appropriate number of The wind sector regulation in Italy has been turbines per unit of surface, and when identifying amended earlier this year with the introduction sites of facilities we always take into account of a reverse auction mechanism for medium birds’ migratory routes, although (as demonstrat- and large size installations, with a yearly cap on ed by many studies conducted, among others, incentivised capacity. If on the one hand such jointly with universities), the avian fauna can changes will impose a limit on spot and avoid wind turbine the development of wind capac- blades. ity on the other hand it can “The competitiveness We pay particular attention stimulate the competitiveness of wind power is to that the noise emitted by the of energy players, technology blades will not be higher than costs reduction and favour expected to increase the one produced by the wind. projects with the highest wind further due to Finally, we continuously analyse potential. We believe that the the environmental impacts of amendments on incentives cost reductions our plants through a dedicated for wind that were operated in and increases in support centre of excellence Italy are in line with the ones which stimulate sharing of best currently being operated in efﬁ ciency.” practices. most European countries. We anticipated this evolution quite some time ago, What are your plans for offshore wind and what and consequently redirected growth in larger and are the biggest challenges you face for offshore more interesting markets. projects in particular? Can offshore wind power replicate the success of onshore? Do you think the cost of wind power is falling? Off shore technology is not part of our portfolio. Despite a diffi cult macroeconomic environment, We believe the high costs of offshore wind en- the wind industry remains resilient and over ergy mean that suffi cient returns on investment 40 GW of installed capacity was added during can only be found in geographical areas where Starace will chair the EWEA 2011. The wind turbine manufacturing indus- the offshore wind resources is more abundant, 2013 Annual Event in try has developed recently with an increasing such as Northern Europe, and incentive pay- Vienna from 4-7 February production capacity and an increasing presence ments are high. 2013, for more information of Chinese suppliers on the international market. In the Mediterranean region, where Enel and to register visit On one side, the entry of new players is Green Power has its strongest presence, we see www.ewea.org/annual2013 increasing downward pressure on prices, on the offshore investments as making little sense. ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 17 | brussels briefi ng |

Commission announces 2030 climate EU Commission and energy proposals for 2013 proposal not

he European Commission’s Work long-term investment driver for the wind enough to stop TProgramme for 2013, under a sec- power sector. tion called “Using Europe’s resources to Policy makers should by now under- EU missing best effect,” includes a new climate and stand that proceeding with binding 2030 energy framework for the period up to targets would help the environment, 2014 internal 2030. reduce expensive fossil fuel imports, cre- Published on 23 October, the Work ate many more green jobs, and increase energy market Programme said that the objectives technology exports. It would also provide related to a new climate and energy wind power investors with necessary deadline framework included meeting an 80-95% long-term certainty. greenhouse gas emission-reduction goal On 31 October, Günther Oettinger, the hasing out regulated electric- in 2050 compared to 1990. EU’s energy commissioner, said there Pity prices is one of the keys to The need to foster long-term competi- was a need to set fi xed emissions reduc- developing the internal energy market tiveness, security of supply and sustain- tions and renewable energy targets for by 2014. The European Commission ability was among the other objectives, 2030. correctly identifi ed this and other as was the necessity to provide a long- “I think we need a new CO2 emissions structural market distortions is- term perspective for investments until reduction target,” he was quoted as sues as important, but did not go 2030. saying. The targets, Oettinger continued, far enough in tackling them in its 15 This is good news to EWEA, which would be “maybe more than 20% or 30% November communication, said EWEA has been calling for 2030 legislation for in 2030.” in its recent press release. renewable energy for quite some time. “I [also] think we need a new binding “Regulated prices, fossil fuel and EWEA is advocating to make sure the target for renewables because if we just nuclear subsidies, market concentra-

2030 package is centred around an have a new binding target for CO2 emis- tion and lack of market transparency ambitious and legally-binding renewables sions reductions [then] nuclear is better,” need to be tackled urgently. The target, which would become an effective he added. communication focuses too much on renewable energy support mecha- nisms and not enough on the most critical distortions”, commented Paul Wilczek, EWEA Senior Regulatory Affairs Advisor. The communication also lacks EU must prioritise wind energy for proposals for further developing the internal energy market after 2014, growth and jobs such as rolling out intraday and balancing markets, which are essen- ind energy creates employ- The Commission proposes to jointly tial for ensuring higher levels of wind Wment and drives growth in other focus investment and innovation on energy in the power system. economic sectors, yet the European six priority action lines: advanced However, the European Commission failed to name it as a prior- manufacturing technologies, key Commission was critical of capacity ity for an industrial strategy to “deliver enabling technologies, bio-based payments. “Capacity payments, which sustainable growth [and] create high- products, sustainable industrial and are a disincentive to invest in urgently value jobs” in a recent communication. construction policy and raw materials, needed grid infrastructure and create “Europe has a competitive advan- clean vehicles, smart grids. A boost another distortion to the energy mar- tage in wind power,” commented Anne- to both clean vehicles and smart ket”, Wilczek added. Bénédicte Genachte, EWEA’s Regulatory grids could indirectly have a favour- The EU is set to miss the 2014 Affairs Advisor. “Wind energy is creating able impact on wind energy and other deadline for an internal energy jobs and economic opportunities, but the renewables. market. younger offshore wind sector in particular The Communication, “A Stronger “It’s very disappointing to see depends on political support to ensure European Industry for Growth and the EU making such slow progress this continues and that Europe maintains Economic Recovery”, was published towards an internal energy market 20 its global leadership of the sector. on 10 October. years after the European single market was set up” added Wilczek.

18 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 Membership

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AUSTRALIA Vattenfall and SWM have Iberdrola commits to investing RES sells Taralga wind farm in commissioned the accommodation £12,000 million in the UK this New South Wales to Santander platform for DanTysk offshore wind decade and CBD Energy farm Ignacio Galán, Chairman of IBERDROLA, In an announcement on 18 October, Vattenfall and the Stadtwerke Munich have con rmed 10 October the Group plans to RES said it had sold its Taralga wind now commissioned Nobiskrug to build the invest about £12,000 million throughout farm in New South Wales to Banco DanTysk wind farm offshore accommodation this decade in the United Kingdom. Santander and the diversi ed renew- platform, according to a press release 23 able energy company, CBD Energy October. Construction is scheduled to begin Limited. The project is now ready to in spring 2013; the platform should then be enter the main construction phase and erected on the DanTysk wind farm 70 km upon completion will have an installed from Sylt in autumn 2014. There will be 80 capacity of 106.8 MW. wind turbines at the DanTysk wind farm, with More information: www.res-group.com a capacity of 288 MW. More information: www.vattenfall.com CANADA ACCIONA Windpower awarded ITALY a 30 MW supply contract for a Vestas reaches 3 GW of installed wind farm in eastern Canada capacity in Italy An ACCIONA press release in According to a press release on 26 September noted the company won a October, Vestas has now reached 3,000 contract from PEI Energy Corporation MW of installed capacity in Italy, hitting Photo: london Array for the supply, operation and mainte- 40% of the total installed base in the nance of 30 megawatts (MW) capacity country. At the same time, this equals Galán said that electric power transmis- in a wind park on Prince Edward Island. 25% of Italy’s renewable energy obligation sion and onshore and offshore renew- More information: www.acciona.com under the EU 2020 targets. able energy will be two priority areas for More information: www.vestas.com the Company in the coming years. FRANCE More information: www.iberdrola.com ENERCON launches operations TURKEY at concrete tower plant in Siemens to build wind power plant Mainstream’s Adam Bruce Picardy in Turkey appointed Chairman of new Production is now underway at Siemens Energy announced on 17 October it Offshore Wind Programme Board ENERCON’s new concrete tower factory has received a further wind power order from Adam Bruce (a member of EWEA’s Board) in the province of Picardy and the rst Turkey with the customer being Borusan has accepted the position of Chairman precast concrete tower segments rolled EnBW Enerji, a joint venture consisting of of the new UK Offshore Wind Programme out of the factory at the beginning of German energy supplier EnBW and Borusan Board, according to a Mainstream October, the company announced. Holding from Turkey. Renewable Power press release on 18 The new 18,000 m plant is Siemens is to deliver a total of 22 wind October. ENERCON’s rst production site in turbines for the Balabanli onshore wind pow- The Offshore Wind Programme France. It was designed to produce up er plant near the city of Tekirdağ. Each wind Board will comprise a small number to 100 towers per year. turbine has a capacity of 2.3 megawatts. of senior representatives from indus- More information: www.enercon.de More information: www.siemens.com try, Government and Statutory Nature Conservation advisors. GERMANY UNITED KINGDOM More information: www.mainstreamrp.com n E.ON and PensionDanmark World’s largest offshore wind farm agree on wind farm deal produces rst power E.ON announced 8 October it had sold Dong Energy, E.ON and Masdar announced 50% of three US wind farms to the 30 October that the rst power had been Photo: EWEA Danish pension fund PensionDanmark. produced at the London Array Offshore “With this strategic move we win Wind Farm. the possibility to realise more of our The 630 MW scheme has been under excellent renewables pipeline and thus construction since March 2011 and 151 of contribute to the transformation of the the 175 turbines have now been installed. If energy system,” said Marcus Schenck, approved, a second phase will add enough CFO of E.ON. capacity to bring the total to 870 MW. More information: www.eon.com More information: www.dongenergy.com

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 21 | feature |

The “net cost” for wind energy is cheaper than gas, new report shows

By Chris Rose

Wind energy results in greater returns for the domestic economy by generating signifi cantly more local added value and job creation compared to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power generation, a recent study shows.

the study said. “However, wind power also triggers returns for the domestic economy by generating

Photo: EWEA local added value and job creation.” “In most countries analysed, any euro spent on wind energy will produce returns to the domestic economy, in terms of Gross Value Added, job creation and also in terms of energy security,” the study said. “This value creation potential is not suffi ciently identifi ed today by decision makers.” That, the report went on to say, is because a large share of CCGT costs are related to fuel prices. “As natural gas is in a majority of European countries imported to a large extent, these ex- Wind energy creates n Ernst & Young report — Analysis of the value penditures generate very limited benefi ts to the many times more Acreation potential of wind energy policies — domestic economy,” it noted. jobs than gas revealed that combining initial costs and benefi ts The report found that in European nations cov- from the return on costs shows a lower “net ered by the analysis, wind had a higher contribu- cost” of wind compared to the CCGT technology tion to GDP compared to CCGT. The results vary, for most European nations studied and at the however, from one country to another depending EU level. on the share of imports of natural gas consumed Conducted for Acciona and EDP, the study by CCGT plants. showing that wind energy is cheaper than gas Wind energy shows a higher levelised cost per takes on greater resonance as it comes at a MWh (LCOE) than CCGT at about €81 MWh gener- time when people are talking about the so-called ated to €74 per MWh for CCGT, the report, said, “golden age of gas” and politicians fi nd them- largely due to higher Capex requirements. selves dealing with fi scal austerity issues versus However, the report added, Capex and Opex “Natural gas economic growth. costs for wind power have a signifi cant contribu- is imported to The study noted that while policy makers tion to GDP creation in the domestic economy. increasingly need to make informed decisions on In addition, when all external costs and benefi ts a large extent, the opportunities to support renewable energy are included across EU nations, the “net” cost of but these generation, most of the choices are based on a wind is lower than the equivalent cost of CCGT. comparison of the respective Levelised Cost of “The difference between CCGT and wind expenditures Energy (LCOE) of technologies but seldom include energy in the initial electricity price (LCOE) is com- generate very a comprehensive analysis of the additional eco- pensated by a much higher GDP creation for wind. nomic costs or benefi ts. At the end, the ‘net cost’ of 1 MWh from CCGT is limited beneﬁ ts “On the basis of the LCOE analysis, renew- more than twice that of wind.” to the domestic able energy technologies such as wind power The report found that Germany had the best generation present in most cases a higher cost results of all European nations in GDP creation economy.” than fossil fuel based generation technologies,” for wind.

22 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | feature |

“With a high level of imports for natural gas, GDP of gross value added, job creation, and energy “When all creation is again lower for CCGT,” it noted. “In security,” he said. external costs total, the difference between the ‘net costs’ is Rafael Munilla, Markets & Regulations Senior the highest of all the countries studied: wind’s net Manager at EDP, said the study shows that wind and beneﬁ ts costs are nearly 2.5 times lower than CCGT’s.” energy has a higher value creation potential than are included The report also said that in Spain and France CCGT in most European countries. wind creates twice the job-years than CCGT per “And, what is even more important, when all the “net” cost €1 million invested. In the technologies’ external of wind is Spain, 15 jobs were cre- “In the EU the wind sector costs and benefi ts are put ated in the wind industry into the table, the so-called lower than the compared to six in CCGT. In creates 21 job-years per €1 ‘net’ cost of wind energy equivalent cost France, meanwhile, it was million invested compared to is in general much lower 12 jobs in wind compared than the equivalent cost for of combined to 5 in CCGT. 13 per CCGT.” CCGT,” Munilla said. cycle gas.” In the EU-27, mean- “Another important ef- while, the wind sector creates 21 job-years per fect of wind energy which is usually forgotten is €1 million invested compared to 13 per CCGT, the the impact of wind energy in electricity wholesale report added. prices. I believe it is very important to stress that “Similar to GDP, this difference in job creation wind energy contributes to lowering wholesale can be explained by the fact that a high share prices,” Munilla added. of the cost of generating electricity with CCGT is “We believe that the results of this analysis ‘exported’ through fuel costs, thus not benefi tting should not be dismissed by European policy the domestic economy.” makers. Governments may have to face impor- Looking at the UK, France, Spain, Germany, tant investment decisions on the energy fi eld in Poland and Portugal, the report found that wind the coming years and, in order to make the right electricity generates more tax revenues that decision, which is even more relevant under the CCGT. It said calculations show that €1 spent on current budgetary limitations, they have to fol- electricity from wind generates between €0.27 low a broader perspective and, as shown in the and €0.52 of tax revenues, depending on local study, take into account all the relevant cost and tax policies. For CCGT, the range is from €0.09 to benefi ts of the technologies besides the mere €0.26. investment and operating costs.” Joaquin Mollinedo, ACCIONA’s Chief The CEO of the European Wind Energy Institutional Relations Offi cer, said “the E&Y study Association, Christian Kjaer, said the Ernst & conclusively proves that wind power generates Young report proves that wind energy creates more wealth creation, which means more jobs, more jobs and economic value than the most ef- more tax returns and more energy security than fi cient gas turbines. the most competitive fossil fuel alternative, which “Wind energy’s overall economic benefi t is is gas.” higher than gas even in countries with signifi cant “The study highlights the fact that every euro domestic gas production,” Kjaer said. “The mes- spent on wind energy in the EU will provide sig- sage is clear: if you want to create European jobs nifi cant returns to domestic economies in terms and wealth, invest in wind.”

PhoPhoto:toto: iSStocckphphotoot Gas generation has a higher “net cost” than wind energy

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 23 Breakbulk & Offshore Wind Terminal

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Wind worker From underwater survey work to managing the operation of a wind farm, we meet some of the over 200,000 people who make the European wind industry tick.

Ruben Fijn, Project Manager for bird ecology, Bureau Waardenburg g

r What does your job involve? What is a typical day like for you? bur bu b

n My work involves answering In general, there are two different days in my en den d r

a all kinds of questions regard- job. The fi rst type of day is a day on which we aar

W ing offshore wind turbines collect data and conduct offshore fi eldwork on u W a ea

rea re r and ecology or the environ- platforms, wind turbines, ships or airplanes Bu B

: ment. My company does studying marine wildlife. These days are very o: o to: to o

ho h different kinds of ecological exciting as a lot of new insights are gathered Pho P work, ranging from underwa- and often spectacular sightings of wildlife are ter survey work for benthos done. The other type of day is a day in which we and fi sh, to the automatic analyse our data and report this in an independ- recording of fl ying birds with ent way to be used by our clients. These days specialised bird radars. sound less adventurous but can be as exciting We have a team of quali- as our fi eld days! fi ed divers to do any type of survey and maintenance work What are your favourite and least favourite parts underwater. They are experts of your job? in marine fauna like crabs, mussels and anemo- Being out in the fi eld to collect data is of course nes. Our team of fully-trained marine mammal a very nice part of my job. All of me is complete- observers studies the abundance and distribution ly biologist so I love being outside observing of porpoises and seals as well as whales and dol- birds and marine mammals. However, the most phins. I am a marine ornithologist and me and my rewarding part of my job is when we can bring colleagues study many aspects of fl ight patterns our data and the needs of the client together, of birds like gannets, puffi ns and different species to let the wind energy industry and the environ- of gulls. We often make use of state-of-the-art ment go hand in hand. Sometimes this might technology like bird radars and GPS dataloggers feel like a challenge but it is a necessary step to follow birds at sea. We are also involved in to take to let ‘green energy’ be truly ‘green’. the ecological aspects of Environmental Impact Assessments and Appropriate Assessments of What are the biggest challenges you face in your most types of offshore activities. job? Nature cannot be tamed and the sea and its liv- How did you come to work in a job related to the ing creatures are a dynamic and unpredictable “The most wind industry? system. Often our results are not perfectly one With an education as seabird ecologist, I now on one applicable and a lot of unforeseen and rewarding work for Bureau Waardenburg, a Dutch ecologi- unexpected processes can make the interpreta- part of my job cal consultancy with a number of specialists on tion of our results a big challenge. To assess marine ecology. With the growing offshore wind these uncertainties in a way that our results is when the energy developments, a growing demand develops and conclusions are clear and explicable to our wind energy for independent experts that can perform envi- clients is the biggest challenge of all. ronmental monitoring and offshore wind-related Unexpected circumstances are often weather- or industry and the ecological projects. We’ve been involved in wind season-related. But it can also be on a much larger environment go turbine related bird and bat research on land, and scale for example timing is diffi cult to predict when a step into the marine environment was a logical dealing with bird migration, or visibility underwater hand in hand.” next step. is correlated with sea state and currents.

26 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | wind worker |

Paula Souto Pérez, Operations Manager, Wind Vision

What does your job involve? projects might have been I am responsible for the operations of the planned. In my team we hear installed wind parks. This responsibility involves each other’s news several the monitoring of the wind parks, management times per day. Before the end of maintenance contracts, evaluation of energy of the day, we make sure that Photo: Wind Vision trading, coordination of the different parties and the coming events are planned communication with system operators, subcon- in order to eliminate the unex- tractors, local authorities, neighbours, amongst pected as far as possible. others. There is always coordination, logistics, monitoring, technical knowledge, data analysis, What are your favourite and reporting to do, and there is also an important least favourite parts of your amount of communication and human relations job? work. Not only must we make sure that the high- Due to my background in pow- est amount of energy is extracted from the wind er systems and high voltage, parks, we must as well be prepared for anything my favourite part of the job is that can happen in the wind parks for 20 years, the technology part. There is each day. nothing more interesting than taking one day to climb the wind turbine with a technician to see How did you come to work in a job related to the the working of the systems live, and get a better wind industry? view on the real machine, other than the view be- My master programme started in Spain and I had hind the desk. The technical challenges remain a the possibility to complete the last year in the main drive for me. The human relations are also K.U.Leuven [the University of Leuven], in Belgium. a very interesting part of the job and the subtle Wind energy was an interesting challenge back balance between the partners. Getting great then with still many questions to be answered. things done by means of motivated and skilled During my master’s thesis, I could work together people from different backgrounds is an experi- with the research group for energy and difference that makes any diffi cult day worthwhile. ent actors from the energy scene, which led to There are of course some disadvantages in such my stay in the K.U.Leuven for a PhD programme a dynamic and fl exible environment, however, it around the integration of wind power in Europe. is rewarding to think that no matter what, we are I got in contact with WindVision in the frame- ready to deal with it. work of a European research programme around our wind park in Estinnes. Afterwards, I started What are the biggest challenges you face in your working in the operation of the wind parks for job? WindVision, and fi nally I became responsible for First of all, the coordination of the variety of tasks the department. that are involved. Wind, production, maintenance, resources, are forces to balance in the right way, What is a typical day like for you? effi ciently and logically. Secondly, the human as- “There is Before arriving in the offi ce, I have probably pect of our tasks. Dealing with many partners at discussed some maintenance plannings on the different levels to get this balance is not always nothing more phone, and checked the wind forecasts of the straight-forward. Finally, the dynamism, fl exibility interesting than next days. I probably know the weather of the and enthusiasm of our team is an asset that coming days earlier and more precisely than any makes it possible to think out of the box and climbing the TV or radio news programme. Around the time create solutions and structures that are still not wind turbine to that I arrive in the offi ce, eventually unexpected standard to the operation of the business. I have events in the wind parks might need our atten- the feeling that we are designing, evaluating and see the working tion, meaning fast reactions, logistics, decisions improving our own department week by week, in a of the systems and actions. After all the issues are solved, the certain way anticipating what will be the stand- day may begin and meetings with maintenance ards in the coming years. You can only be proud live.” companies, or other parties involved in the of being part of such an exciting process. ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 27 Make your vision reality EWEA 2013 Annual Event 4 - 7 February 2013 - Vienna, Austria

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If you can only attend one event in 2013, make it this one. www.ewea.org/annual2013 | focus | The fi nancial roller coaster: wind energy and the fi nancal crisis

Finance, everybody is talking about how to get it but the gap of understanding between wind energy and the fi nance community is wide. Zoë Casey explores the fi nancial crisis and what it means for wind energy today.

or most of us it came out of nowhere. The insecure fi nance environment for wind energy Ffi nancial crisis struck in 2007and its effects projects which is caused in turn by multi-layered are still being felt throughout the world and even political and economic factors. the experts cannot say when there will be an end So, what happened in a few short years? Up to the fi nancial and economic turmoil. Some say until the 2000s investments in wind power were there’s at least another three or four years of eco- fairly limited. “Prior to the fi nancial crisis the nomic uncertainty ahead while the International market was funded either directly off the bal- Labour Organization and the Organisation for ance sheet or by the investment and support of Economic Cooperation and Development recently a focused and dedicated few. The big banks got reported that G20 countries would need to create involved in some of the early stage project fi nance 21 million jobs in 2012 in order to return to pre- deals, but for the vast majority it was more specu- crisis employment levels. lative and exploratory than anything else,” Adam For wind energy its impact was delayed. In Barber, publisher of A Word About Wind and Wind 2009 the sector was still enjoying strong growth Directions columnist (page 11), explained. rates – with new installed capacity rates out- From around 2000 investment in wind power pacing fossil fuels in 2007, 2008 and 2009 in rocketed propelling growth rates the world over; Europe, but today uncertainty weighs heavily on Europe experienced a six-fold increase in wind the sector’s shoulders even if it is continuing power capacity during that time. Today, even to expand. Much of that weight is down to an though the global fi nancial crisis has put the reins

30 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 k c oc o toc to t | focus | s is i : o: o to: to ho h Pho Ph P

“The availability and cost of ﬁ nance is being squeezed and there is a mounting ﬁ nancial risk rising in line with the scale and complexity of wind energy projects.”

THE FINANCIAL CRISIS IN BRIEF... by Chris Rose

There are many contributing factors to the economic- fi nancial-banking crisis that has been roiling the world’s economies the past several years. Analysts say the crisis began in the US in summer 2007 when plummeting real estate prices prompted people with little or no equity to just walk away from their “sub-prime” mortgages. This accumulating debt spread to a largely unregulated fi nancial system, resulting in a credit slowdown that eventually led to massive unemployment. Almost a year later, on 15

o September 2008, the US ot investment bank Lehman kph Brothers, which had purchased stoc i many of the toxic sub-prime mortgages, fi led for bankruptcy, oto:

Ph the biggest such event in American history and a major contributor to bank closures on wind energy investments, the technology has one hand, and on the other hand, EU renewable and bailouts, massive declines continued to expand: with an average annual energy policies requiring a 20% share of renewa- in global stock and bond market growth rate of 23% over the last 15 years, bles in the overall energy supply by 2020. markets, companies closing Europe surpassed the 100 GW milestone in the However, today in the post-fi nancial crisis their doors, and a stubborn recession. middle of 2012. Meanwhile offshore wind power era, and as the industry comes of age, “major Few nations were immune to experienced phenomenal growth this year with manufacturers and utilities simply can’t afford to the intensifying global crisis more than 50% more new offshore capacity being develop and build the really big initiatives on the which eventually became a installed in the fi rst half of this year compared to balance sheet. It doesn’t wash with the share- factor in 2009 in Europe’s the same period in 2011. holders and it ties up valuable capital and cash sovereign-debt crisis and current concerns over the durabil- But these impressive growth rates mask fl ow for fi rms that are under increasing pressure ity of the Euro. Although hard to growing problems for the sector. The availability to innovate and grow,” Barber noted. arrive at an exact total for the and cost of fi nance is being squeezed and there Meanwhile, the fi nan- fi nancial loss, one recent report is a mounting fi nancial risk rising in line with the cial crisis has had a dra- by the non-profi t Better Markets scale and complexity of wind energy projects, matic impact on bank said in mid-September of this year that the cost to America’s especially offshore. Annual growth in Europe has lending. Due to the economy alone is more than been stuck at around 10GW since 2009. On top political response to the $12.8 trillion. of this come the wobbles in government support crisis, banks are now schemes for wind power. The impacts of these required to hold greater factors have already begun to show and for 2013 capital assets and have and 2014 the outlook is not rosy. a lower share of their assets in risky capital, The shifting sands of the wind energy under the so-called fi nance landscape Photo: HG Capital Basel III requirements. During the strong growth years private investment Tom Murley The result is that, “there became the largest source of capital for wind were around 40 banks lending to wind in 2007, projects largely thanks to the increased reliability but today there are only around 20,” according to of the technology and decreasing costs on the Tom Murley of HG Capital.

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 31 | focus |

THE FINANCIAL CRISIS Because wind energy is very capital intensive its investments in wind power: in October 2012 IN BRIEF... upfront at the beginning of a project – the turbine PensionDanmark bought a 50% stake of three US by Chris Rose itself represents 76% of the major capital cost wind farms from German energy group E.ON and onshore and 51% offshore - and therefore requires earlier on this year the group invested $680 mil- Many economists predict parts or all of Europe’s higher loans than, say, gas projects, it is more lion for a 30% stake in Anholt offshore wind farm economy will go through a exposed to lending costs. But it is not interest in Denmark by buying a 20% stake from DONG stagnating period of time simi- rates, which are generally low, that is creating the energy. That deal was an extension of a 2010 lar to Japan’s “lost decades” problem, it is what banks charge on top of interest agreement with DONG on Nysted wind farm which which began after 1990 when – the risk premium. gave PensionDanmark a 50% stake a bubble created by highly- infl ated housing and stock “Back in 2008 the risk premi- for $125 million. Yet more invest- prices began tanking and um was almost nothing,” Christian ment is planned, the company say, the nation’s Gross Domestic Kjaer, CEO of EWEA, explained. with the aim to invest a further $2 Product started sliding. To “Today, banks have increased billion in infrastructure over the add to these woes, there’s risk premiums and our industry, next fi ve years. the so-called dreaded double dip, when national economies because it is capital intensive, has Photo: PensionDanmark Asked why PensionDanmark in Europe and elsewhere not benefi tted from low interest chose this investment path, that had slowly climbed out rates. The cost of capital today Torben Möger Pedersen, CEO, of recessionary status found is at best the same as 2008, but said PensionDanmark is “able to themselves treading water perhaps higher,” he said. “The make investments with a long time until beginning to sink into recession again. problem is that the capital is not horizon in illiquid markets, hence The Guardian reported in mid- reaching our industry because ripening the illiquidity premium August that the Eurozone was it gets stuck in the banks,” he Toben Möger Pedersen of these markets. The main role close to following the UK into added. for the infrastructure investments is to provide a a double-dip recession after In the meantime, banks are also shortening return well above the current bond yields with a the 17-country economy fell by 0.2% in the second quarter the length of their loans from around 10 to about lower risk profi le and more sensitivity to the busi- of this year. fi ve years adding another diffi culty for wind pro- ness cycle than equity investments.” An economic update from jects since longer loans are generally required. “Investments in wind farms – and other types the International Monetary However, while some banks are wind energy shy, of infrastructure – thus make perfect sense for Fund (IMF) in early October others - and other investors - are continuing to a long term investor like a pension fund. With was equally, if not more, bond yields at historically blunt. The report, World express an enthusiasm to Economic Outlook (WEO): get involved in wind energy low levels only very modest Coping with High Debt and and to offer project fi nance. “While some banks are returns can be expected from Sluggish Growth, noted that “As a result, competition fi xed income. And the perfor- “global economic recovery and interest is heating up,” wind energy shy, others mance of equities in com- has suffered new setbacks, meaning that “for developing years might well be very and uncertainty weighs heavily are continuing to express on the outlook.” The report’s ers both large and small, the volatile and driven by global executive summary said one ability to attract and retain an enthusiasm to get economy imbalances and the of the key reasons for the set- the right level of investment involved in wind energy fact that Europe and the US backs and uncertainty “is that remains,” Barber said. “Yes, are struggling to overcome policies in the major advanced deals are typically taking the fi nancial crisis,” Pedersen economies have not rebuilt and to offer project confi dence in medium-term longer to close and yes, the ﬁ nance.” added. prospects.” due diligence and assess- “We have identifi ed this It said investors continue to ment process has got sub- area as a very interesting be pre-occupied primarily by stantially lengthier, but for the resilient few, the opportunity for investors who can commit large risks related to the viability possibilities remain compelling,” he added. amounts and can accept investments with a low of the Eurozone and secondly to major US fi scal policy mis- degree of liquidity. And our intention is to raise takes. The report downgraded What’s new in wind energy fi nance? our investment in direct infrastructure, preferably projected global growth to Pension funds and insurers for instance are in- renewable energy projects in the next four to fi ve 3.3% this year and 3.6% in creasingly dipping their toes into the water by pur- years. We expect most of the investments to be 2013. In July, the IMF forecast direct, either by ourselves or with consortia of called for 3.5% global growth chasing equity stakes in projects and investing in this year and 3.9 in 2013. projects which have been deemed too risky by the other institutional investors.” In addition, an April forecast banks, Barber said. Both have a greater amount PensionDanmark’s move could be considered for 2013 growth was revised of capital over long run liabilities which “should as part of a broader shift: at a time when there from 2% down to 1.5% for ad- be matched with long run assets like wind power,” is a need for large scale investment in renew- vanced economies, and from able energy and infrastructure but banks cannot 6% down to 5.6% for emerg- Kjaer said. “They are a natural partner with wind ing markets and developing energy, but the sector doesn’t know enough about provide long-term fi nance, alternative sources of economies. wind. Wind power and electricity infrastructure capital are emerging. projects provide long run safe returns,” he added. One insurance group, RSA, said they have been One pension company in particular is noted for involved in wind energy insurance for 30 years

32 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | focus |

insuring from the earliest stages of a wind farm be slashed. It is also important to note that the THE FINANCIAL CRISIS including shipment of materials, through to the EIB continues to fi nance coal, gas and nuclear IN BRIEF... operation of the wind farm. “Wind energy pre- projects and the question remains whether or not by Chris Rose sents numerous growth opportunities for every- the EIB will revise its policies to keep them in line one. Investing in wind presents an exceptional with meeting the EU’s 2020 targets, potentially “Output is expected to remain sluggish in advanced economies ■ opportunity to boost growth for the European freeing up more funds for renewables. but still relatively solid in many economy – reinvigorating the manufacturing sector emerging market and developing and delivering a lasting legacy in terms of supply economies,” the report said. chain expertise and growth,” Mark Potter, Head of “Unemployment is likely to stay Renewable Energy, at RSA said. elevated in many parts of the world. And fi nancial conditions will remain fragile.” The report International fi nancial institutions: also said there is now a 1 reaching limits? in 6 chance of global growth Meanwhile, international fi nance institutions “Investments in wind farms falling below 2%, which would such as the European Investment Bank (EIB), be consistent with a recession make perfect sense for a long in advanced economies and the European Bank for Reconstruction and low growth in emerging market Development (EBRD) and the International term investor like a pension and developing economies. Finance Corporation (IFC), are also active in wind fund.” “Ultimately, however, the WEO energy fi nance. forecast rests on critical policy For the EIB alone, lending to renewable en- action in the euro area and the United States, and it is very dif- ergy has grown to reach €6.2 billion in 2010. fi cult to estimate the probability that this action will materialize.” The report paints a dreary The European Investment Bank in Luxembourg picture for the future. “In many advanced economies, injections Photo: EIB of liquidity are having a positive impact on fi nancial stability and output and employment, but the impact may be diminishing. Many governments have started in earnest to reduce excessive defi cits, but because uncertainty is high, confi dence is low, and fi nancial sectors are weak, the signifi cant fi scal achievements have been accompanied by disappointing growth or recessions. At the same time wind energy, given the right conditions, can provide jobs, boost the local economy, cut dependence on fossil fuels, and, when there is enough wind energy in the overall energy mix, it can reduce wholesale electricity prices.

Moreover, the share of lending to renewables in the overall EIB portfolio tripled from below 10% in The impact of the crisis in short 2006 to more than 30% in 2010. In 2011 the EIB fi nanced wind farms totaling 4,000 MW in capac- • The cost of debt has risen from around 5.4% in 2007 to an expected 7.5% post ity worth €1.7 billion. 2012 “In 2008 when lending to offshore froze, the • Risk premiums have risen considerably since the crisis EIB stepped in. That also had the knock-on effect • Banks are less willing to enter into syndicated loans (provided by a group of stimulating further investment,” Kjaer said. of lenders and arranged by one or several commercial banks) which was During the 2005-2011 period the EIB fi nanced the main source of fi nance for offshore €1.4 billion worth of offshore projects in the UK, • Retroactive changes have occurred in government support for wind €883 million in Germany, €750 million in Belgium energy and €240 million in Denmark. And, it’s overall • Capital markets are more rigid limiting long-term lending lending to onshore at that time was slightly higher • A shift from recourse to non-recourse loans (where the lender can only than offshore. seize collateral in case of default) has occurred But the EIB has spent large amounts on recov- • Loan periods are shorter ery aid in recent years and future lending could

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 33 | focus |

Changes in national support schemes spell trouble

ne of renewable energy’s biggest battles of Othe moment is changes in national government support schemes. All over Europe governments have been faltering on their approach to renewable energy support schemes, as a result of the fi nancial crisis and partly to a misperception which blames renewables for some of their economic woes. Cuts to subsidies began in countries like Spain and the Czech Republic and now have a hold in countries from Portugal to the UK. However, in broad terms there is increasing evidence of a north-south divide in western Ireland Europe with recession and austerity slowing down markets like Spain and Portugal, while renewable United energy support remains stable in countries includ- Kingdom ing Germany, Denmark and Finland. The direct impacts of volatile government m com co policies go deep: “continued policy uncertainty Belgium ia. can damage investment prospects and lead to tol

Fo slower green growth,” Mark Potter from RSA o - k warned. Meanwhile Kjaer warned of a “con- enk c lch tagion effect” as one government starts to reevaluate its support for renewables, others Ome a na n may replicate. ■ n An

d France and an imu lli n k hak y K Se rge to: to Pho

Portugal Spain

34 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | focus |

Finland A closer look at wind Sweden energy’s safe havens and troubled zones

Estonia ■ markets with stable support schemes ■ orange: markets with uncertain support schemes Latvia Denmark ■ markets in paralysis

Netherlands Poland Germany

Czech Rep

Austria Hungary Romania

Bulgaria

Italy

Greece © maximillion - Fotolia.com

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 35 | focus |

A grey short-term outlook

experienced workers when it comes to renewables,” Murley said. Overall, mature markets in Europe are slowing dramatically, the US market is facing huge uncertainties hinging on whether or not the government will extend the Production Tax Credit which supports the industry, and even the Chinese market is uncertain. “Spain is dead, Greece as well, Germany and France are moving at a snail’s pace and Sweden is hesitating,” Klaus Schreiber from Gothaer Allgemeine Versicherung AG said. But, on a bright- er note, “Finland, Poland and Romania will remain interesting,” he added. “We don’t expect higher lending levels or a greater risk appetite in 2013 and 2014, but in 2015 this may change. However if one more country and its banks slip, this may just stay a dream,” Schreiber warned.

Photo: iStockphoto Getting hands on fi nancing “There are two fundamental ways in which the wind energy sector can better source fi nancing and gain a greater level of understanding n 2012 international credit markets continued througho ut the investment community. First, by Ito shrink and the investment banking com- taking the time to really understand what it is munity became increasingly constrained in its that makes the fi nancial and investment markets lending which, combined with political uncertainty tick. And second, by recognising that in order to has meant a diffi cult year. “There’s more cau- secure competitive fi nance and foster an effec- tion, wind is perceived as being risky so people tive long-term relationship with fi nancial partners, prefer to stick to what they know,” Tom Murley of they need to invest time and effort in building HG Capital said. “Although the situation is not that partnership, right from the very start,” Adam getting worse, European banks remain burdened Barber said. with troublesome assets like Spanish government Kjaer echoed that call saying that there is a bonds,” Murley added. need to engage with insurers, pension funds and But there are a host of players within the others to explain the merits and risks of the tech- market including relative newcomers like pension nology. “Wind energy provides medium to high funds and insurers. “Many of these fi rms have returns over a long period in particular compared not just developed a credible and wholly relevant to coal or gas which has signifi cant fuel and car- market proposition but moreover have demon- bon price risks.” strated a canny ability to listen to the demands Meanwhile, the industry itself needs to cast of the market, communicate and engage,” Barber the net wider and seek new sources of funding said. from international fi nancial institutions and export Murley, however sounded a note of caution on credit agencies to insurance and pension funds, pension funds saying that they may not provide he said. the fi nancing relief the sector might be expect- Christopher Mansfi eld from DIF added yet ing. “Pension funds are conservative institu- another dimension saying that the wind energy tions…and there is a lack of both experience and sector needs to “produce cashfl ows that are in

36 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | focus |

line with expectations, especially underlying drive to build renewables “The right including improving the accuracy of is still there at least in Europe: the renewable long term wind production studies.” EU is actively discussing extend- But he acknowledges the diffi cul- ing renewable energy targets, the energy policy ties in this: “the industry needs to European Commission has identifi ed environment can present investment cases that are wind energy as the primary electricity sustainable, which is a tricky thing for generating technology by 2050 and make Europe a seller to do.” the goal to reduce carbon emissions Mark Potter an attractive On the other side of the coin, by 85-90% by 2050 is still in place. governments must ensure stable renewable energy On the one hand, policy makers both national place for inward support schemes, which is far from being the case and at EU level must realise that “the right renew- investment, today, and they should consider that, if they want able energy policy environment can make Europe green growth, they need to put in place measures an attractive place for inward investment, bringing bringing billions that frees up the capital stuck in banks and chan- billions of pounds and jobs to European shores of pounds nels it towards renewable energy, Kjaer said. On a and benefi ting not only the core wind energy broader level, an EU-wide 2030 target for renew- sector, but across the renewables eco-system, and jobs to able energy would set the standard for this, he including fi nancial services,” as Mark Potter of European added. RSA put it. On the other hand, the wind energy sector shores.” Facing new realities itself needs to seek out innovative fi nancing solu- And so it seems that the wind energy sector has to tions and engage with the fi nancial community to face up to new realities: the one or two years ahead get the message across that wind energy is an will almost defi nitely be tough and companies face attractive asset with medium to high returns over a huge uphill struggle to gain fi nancing. But the a long period of time. ■

Wind energy may face an uphill struggle Photo: iStock

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 37 | country focus |

In 2012, Wind Directions will take a look at a selection of wind A closer look at… energy markets across Europe and beyond. Cyprus By Chris Rose

yprus, the third largest island in the CMediterranean Sea, is slowly turning to wind power and other renewables to help meet the nation’s energy needs and reduce its heavy reliance on expensive imported oil. Five wind farms with a total capacity of 146.7 MW are connected to the electricity grid and two other wind farms with a joint capacity of a further 18.3 MW are Photo: Cyprus Wind Energy Association currently being built, said Christos Tsingis, Secretary General of the Cyprus Wind Energy Association. Cyprus has a target of 300 MW of wind power by 2020, Tsingis said, and the nation has committed to achieving an EU target of 13% of its energy coming from renewables in the next eight years. Of that, 7% should come from onshore wind with 4% from photovoltaic, CSP and Alexigros wind farm, Cyprus biomass covering the rest, according to a briefi ng note by EWEA. The Cypriot National Renewable achieve even greater goals with multiple tariff of 16.6€c/KWh, said Tsingis, add- Energy Action Plan splits the overall 13% benefi ts for our country,” he said. ing wind energy producers in Cyprus are Renewable Energy target into 16% renew- EWEA has noted the 300 MW of obliged, because of the island nation’s able electricity, 23.5% renewable energy onshore wind on isolated electricity in heating and cooling, and 4.9% renew- Cyprus, which “Wind energy is very system, to deliver able energy in transport. is about 9,250 important for Cyprus to the Transmission Tsingis said the nation, a former British square kilometres System Operator colony that attained independence in 1960, and has an esti- because there is daily forecasts for is on track to meet its renewable targets. mated population of enough wind to cover a 72 hours with no “The picture formed today as to the 1,140,000, expect- deviation greater potential of renewable energies in Cyprus, ed to be installed signiﬁ cant proportion of the than 20% or they renewable technologies that could be by 2020 would total energy produced on the pay a fi ne. implemented, the technical and economic produce 0.5 TWh, EWEA notes that characteristics, the institutional frame- up from 82 MW and island” small-scale wind work (albeit incomplete) and especially 0.02 TWh in 2010. The association added farms with a capacity up to 30kW can the increased investor interest highlights that the total wind share of electric con- benefi t from the support scheme to that the conditions today are ideal not sumption for 2020 is expected to be 6.8%. save energy and to encourage the use only to achieve our national goal but to Wind farms have a subsidised feed-in of renewables. Up to 55% of the eligible

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2,000 MW of electricity east to west across the Mediterranean linking Israel, Cyprus and Greece. Both Israel and Cyprus have made natural gas discoveries in offshore areas in recent years, Reuters said, and it could be used to generate electricity for domestic and export use. “The realisation of this ambitious pro- Photo: Cyprus Wind Energy Association ject, in conjunction with the ability to produce electricity from renewable sources, can lead us to complete independence from imported fossil fuels and to solve defi nitively the effi ciency of electricity production in Cyprus by domestic production, thus opening new horizons to export Cyprus electricity power across the EU,” Tsingis said. Cypriots were initially quite sceptical Orites wind farm, Cyprus about the development of wind energy, he said, but with increased knowledge of wind power and through watching the budget can be covered by the grant with remains the case with the connection fi rst wind farms on the island operate a cap of €50,000 for non-commercial ac- of the fi rst wind farms. In most cases local residents have begun changing tors. For operators engaged in commer- developers only cover 50% of the costs their attitude and in a number of cases cial activities, 15% to 30% of the budget associated with grid connections and not have become strong supporters of the can be covered up to €45,000. reinforcement and extension of the grid. technology and its ability to create green This support comes in the form of Priority access to the grid is guar- electricity. state grants and subsidies fi nanced from anteed by the Cypriot legislation to the “Wind energy development is very the revenue of the renewable energy and electricity producers using renewables, important for Cyprus because there is Energy Conservation Fund resulting from EWEA also notes. All the energy pro- enough wind resources in order to cover the energy tariff imposed on all electricity duced by renewables is fed to the grid a signifi cant proportion of the total ener- consumers, says EWEA. through mandatory procurement by the gy produced on the island from imported “In addition, all renewable technologies Electricity Authority of Cyprus. All energy fossil fuels,” Tsingis said. only need to cover 50% of the cost of the produced from renewables is given prior- “Although Cyprus is [a] moderate to connection to the transmission or distribu- ity dispatch unless the security/reliability low wind resource area, wind turbine tion systems. The rest of the system is at technology has been developed so rap- of the cost is covered “Wind turbine risk. idly in recent years that the production by the Electricity of Tsingis said a capacity of wind power in Cyprus can far Cyprus Authority. technology has proposal to build an surpass the targets set for the country Renewable technolo- developed so rapidly underwater electric- from EU until 2020.” gies are not charged ity cable connection Cyprus will benefi t, he said, if there for ancillary services that wind power in between Israel and is a simultaneous development of all or costs arising from Cyprus can far surpass mainland Europe via renewable energy sources -- wind, solar, maintaining additional Cyprus and Greece photovoltaic, biomass, waves, etc. reserve capacity. The the EU’s 2020 targets could, if implemented, He added that all wind power develop- benefi ts are not limited set for the country.” change the island na- ments on the island are almost certainly in time (provided that tion’s energy scene. going to be onshore facilities, he added, the application for connection to the grid Reuters reported in January that a as recent research by private companies is approved).” Cyprus-based group including Greece’s indicates there are no shallow waters near EWEA says that all renewable installa- state-controlled power utility PPC had the Cyprus coast and investing in medium- tions have grid connection priority rights said it planned to lay the world’s long- scale offshore projects in deep waters is and currently no connections for renew- est subsea power cable linking Europe not a very attractive option right now. able installations are delayed due to and Asia. Turn to p.8 for an interview with capacity limitations in the grid. “The 10- The news agency said the 1,000 Neoklis Sylikiotis, Minister of Commerce, year Transmission System Development kilometre link, called the EuroAsia Industry and Tourism and Energy Plan will seek to ensure that this Interconnector project, could carry in Cyprus ■

40 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | opinion |

Sing from the same hymn sheet

n any organisation, when delivering a mes- One of the conclusions in the report is that Isage it always helps if everyone is on the the taxation and return on taxation for wind is same page. For policy makers within govern- far higher than that for natural gas. The report ment it is critical. claims that in Spain €1 invested in wind gives a The UK recently did itself no favours when return in taxation of €0.33 compared to €0.11 new Tory energy minister John Hayes told two for CCGT. In Germany, a €1 investment in wind national newspapers that “enough is enough” gives a €0.52 return, compared to €0.19 for and that it was extraordinary that so many wind CCGT. turbines had been “peppered” over the country, Carmen Becceril, President of Spanish wind often against local opposition. company, Acciona said: “it shows that it is very Not only did the message sound a contradic- good business for governments to develop and By Junior Isles tory note to the coalition government’s offi cial increase the role of wind in the energy mix.” line, it was a completely different tune to the Joao Costeira, COO, EDP one he had been singing just a day earlier. Renováveis, noted: “most countries Junior Isles is the Editor-in- Addressing wind industry delegates for the fi rst in Europe are buying gas from outside Chief of The Energy Industry time at the RenewableUK 2012 conference in the EU. So that wealth is going abroad Times newspaper and an Glasgow, Hayes seemed to express support whereas with wind, almost everything Energy Media Consultant with for wind and spoke of the need for clarity and that we are installing – especially the Man in Black Media. certainty in renewable energy policy to create turbines, which are the biggest part the right framework for investment. “Renewables of the capex – are produced within matter in the energy mix”, he said. the country [they are being installed] or inside Just hours after Hayes’ surprise about-turn, the EU.” UK Energy Secretary Ed Davey was forced say: These arguments appear to be a sound basis “there are no targets – or caps – for individual for the continued development of wind but are renewable technologies such as onshore wind. no guarantee of the future. Progress has been Nor are there reviews being done of onshore impressive so far but there is still a question wind on the basis of landscape or property mark as to what happens post-2020. values.” He confi rmed there would be no policy The European Parliament has at least shown change. willing to commit to binding targets for renewa- But mixed messages and inconsistency do bles to 2030. The importance of such long-term little to promote investor confi dence in the UK, targets is almost as important as having policy which will be a big contributor to the EU’s drive that is stable and consistent. to continue the promising growth of the wind It is also important that targets are binding. power market. Power generators are in a long-cycle business Favourable and consistent EU policy has seen and need to have a high degree of certainty that installed wind capacity grow at an average of 15- policy will last longer than the typical four-year 16% a year between 1995 and 2011, to surpass term of the incumbent government. While no the 100 GW mark in 2012. government can guarantee that any policy will In the last 10 years or so, only gas has last beyond its term, when it comes to energy beaten wind in terms of new generating capacity they should work hard to ensure that the funda- additions – although this could turn in the com- mentals or underlying goals of their policy have ing years. broad cross-party support. The macroeconomic benefi ts of wind compared Davey recently said that this is one ad- to other technologies were highlighted at the vantage of having a coalition government. It Global Clean Energy Forum in Barcelona in October. sounds good – at least on paper. But as with EDP and Acciona developed a study together any song, the most important thing is that the with Ernst & Young that analyses the value crea- carefully composed sheet music translates into tion potential of wind energy policies in Europe, an orchestral masterpiece where all the instru- comparing wind energy with combined cycle gas ments work in harmony and all voices sing the turbine (CCGT) plants. same song. ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 41 | best of blog | Keeping up with the blog

Do you follow the EWEA blog on www.ewea.org/blog? Updated several times a week, the blog covers news and opinion on a variety of topics linked to wind energy. Below, blog editor Zoë Casey selects three top stories from the past couple of months.

Do wind turbines really ruin a good night’s sleep? By Zoë Casey, EWEA Photo: EWEA/Bickley

new study has hit the headlines claiming that “participants were asked before-and-after IWT A“wind turbines can ruin a good night’s sleep,” questions about sleep quality and insomnia, as the UK’s Daily Mail put it. It is apparently the attitude towards IWTs, and psychiatric fi rst study to clearly link wind farms to sleep prob- disorders,” the study says. No sound lems for those living in proximity. measurements were made during the study, so Scratch a little deeper and you might fi nd it is not clear what sound levels the residents that the study – based on a questionnaire given experienced, which, for a study investigating Zoë Casey picks her fa- to two sets of adults in Maine, USA, one living wind turbine noise, is odd to say the least. vourite blog posts from the near a wind farm and one not – is not quite as You may be interested to note that an increas- past two months conclusive as it fi rst might seem. ing body of evidence exists showing that First, the sample size is small. Twenty-three there is no link between wind turbines and and 15 adults at the Mars Hill and Vinalhaven adverse health effects. In 2010 the Australian sites respectively, completed the questionnaires. Government National Health Medical Research Recruitment of participants into the far group Council concluded: “there are no direct patho- continued until there were similar numbers as in the logical effects from wind farms and that any near group, 25 and 16 for Mars Hill and Vinalhaven, potential impact on humans can be minimised respectively,” the study itself says. Secondly, “it was by following existing planning guidelines.” In clear to the respondents that the questionnaire January 2012 a study for the Massachusetts was directed at investigating adverse health Department of Public Health said: “there is effects potentially associated with IWT [Industrial insuffi cient evidence that noise from wind Wind Turbines] and no distractor questions were turbines is directly…causing health problems or included,” again quoted directly from the study. disease.” There are many more studies, which Meanwhile, the study was based on a can be viewed on EWEA’s blog. questionnaire alone given to residents: As Robert Hornung, President of the Canadian Wind Energy Association, put it: “wind has also been attacked by opponents on the grounds that it is harmful to human health. This is despite the fact that the balance of scientifi c evidence clearly shows that wind turbines do not adversely affect human health, and in fact, wind energy is broadly recognised to be one of the safest forms of electricity generation available today.” EWEA is holding a technology workshop on wind turbine noise in the UK in December. More information: www.ewea.org/events (Published 7 Nov 2012)

Zoë says: noise is an issue that regularly crops up and this blog post should help to silence the Phoh to:t iSSttockphphhotoot critics.

42 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | best of blog | Local communities invest in Danish wind energy

By Fiona Woo, World Future Council

inds of 60 km per hour hit us as soon as the guidelines set out by the Danish Renewable cil ci c n un

we alighted from the bus at Hvide Sande – Energy Act. This wind co-operative has 400 local ou o

W C e C

“White Sand” – on the west coast of Denmark, stakeholders, and with an annual return of 9 to r tur t u

home to a community-owned wind energy project 11% the turbines are expected to pay for them- Fu F d ld comprising three 3 MW turbines. All that could selves in 7 to 10 years. The fund is used to initi- rldrl be heard was the powerful wind: the generators ate new business initiatives for the benefi t of the Wo W o: o to: to t

cannot be heard over the considerable sound of harbour and local municipality. ho Pho Ph P the wind. Over 100 wind turbine co-operatives have a The region serves as a living example of 100% combined ownership of three-quarters of the renewable energy already in action. Wind plays a country’s turbines. The price per kWh for electric- big role in this area of Europe: 87% of the coun- ity from community-owned wind parks is competi- try’s electricity consumption that day was covered tive with conventional power production. by wind power, and, in Denmark as a whole, €16 Winds of change are blowing through the million from local residents is being invested in European energy sector. As we observe in Denmark renewable energies. and other countries, the co-operative enterprise The three wind turbines at the Hvide Sande model is highly successful, allowing people, local harbour were set up in December 2011. 80% communities and regions to be the driving force of the wind farm is owned by the Holmsland Klit of the biggest transformational process in Europe Tourist Association foundation, a local business since the industrial revolution. fund which initiated and fi nanced the project. (published 17 Oct 2012) Hvide Sande’s North Harbour Turbine Society I/S pay an annual rent of €644000 to the lo- Zoë says: community-owned wind farms are one cal harbour. The other 20% is owned by local way of boosting public acceptance and this blog A windy day at the Hvide residents living within a 4.5 km radius, as per post highlights Denmark’s successful approach. Sande community wind farm

The “dash for gas” not wanted by wind turbine- supporting public By Chris Rose, EWEA

new UK-wide poll indicating that more than the Co-operative, which commissioned the ICM Atwo-thirds of respondents would favour a com- poll for the launch of the Co-op’s Manifesto for a munity-owned wind turbine close to their home community energy revolution which it is backing rather than a shale gas well is bound to raise with £100 mn of investment, as saying. questions about Chancellor George Osborne’s The newspaper also noted that another recent proposed “dash for gas.” poll, by YouGov, showed that 55% of people want The Guardian reported that the poll, conducted more wind farms, compared to just 17% who want by ICM Survey, shows only coal and nuclear are more gas power stations. It also showed that less less popular that shale gas. than one in three people thinks the government When asked to choose between having the two should give the go-ahead to fracking. energy sources within two miles of their home, In a twist to the tale of support for renewables, the Guardian noted, 67% of respondents favoured the BBC reported that some people in Wales are a turbine, compared to just 11% who would sup- feeling threatened if they support wind power port the gas development. development. The BBC spoke to several farmers The poll showed 49% of people would support and members of communities who said that the a wind turbine within two miles of their home, actions of protesters make them feel intimidated with 22% against, the newspaper said, adding and afraid to attend meetings to voice their sup- that if the project were community-owned, support port for wind farms publicly. rose to 68% and opposition plummeted to 7%. (published 26 Oct 2012) ■ “This poll puts to the sword the myth that the public are set against onshore wind and wish to Zoë says: given many negative wind power head- rush into a second dash for gas,” the Guardian lines in the UK the news in this blog is a welcome quoted Paul Monaghan, head of social goals at surprise!

Are you interested in contributing to the EWEA blog? Contact [email protected]

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 43 | feature |

Single electricity market will pave the way to energy security and the EU’s climate targets

Wind power’s success goes hand in hand with a fully functioning EU market for electricity. Chris Rose explores the benefi ts of one Europe-wide market… n hi he EU’s wind power sec- European Commission takes some steps anc Ttor can potentially deliver Shortly after the EWEA report was published, a number of major benefi ts to the European Commission published a EA/Bi W

EW E Europe in the next four decades Communication on the key actions needed to : o: o to: t

o if policy makers work swiftly to build an internal EU energy market.

Pho Ph P create a fl exible and effi cient In February 2011, the EU Heads of State Internal Energy Market (IEM) that agreed on the need to complete the internal en- embraces increased wind energy ergy market by 2014, but we are still a long way integration. from achieving that. “An effi cient, interconnected That’s the overarching point and transparent European internal energy market of a new report — Creating the will offer citizens and businesses secure and sus- Internal Energy Market in Europe tainable energy supplies at lowest possible cost,” — published in September the Commission said in its Communication. by the European Wind Energy It then suggested several steps including remov- Association (EWEA). ing regulated energy prices. Currently only nine EU The report notes that while countries - Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Paul Wilczek, politicians are trying to establish a single IEM Finland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Slovenia, EWEA’s Senior Regulatory by 2014, EU electricity market rules must refl ect Sweden and the UK - do not have energy prices Affairs Advisor the energy generation mix of the future and help set by state intervention. Regulated energy prices usher in a fl exible power system with a large-scale do not give citizens the best deal and can slow uptake of wind power and other renewable energy down investments, the Commission said. sources. In response, Paul Wilczek, EWEA’s Senior It was written as the Single European Act — Regulatory Affairs Advisor, said that removing “If Europe is creating a single market in goods, capital, people regulated prices is one step on the way to an and services — turns 25, and yet there is still no internal market, but fossil fuel and nuclear subsi- serious about single market in electricity in the trading bloc. dies, market concentration and a lack of market decarbonising “Wind power is capable of supplying a share transparency are equally big problems that need of European electricity demand comparable to the to be tackled urgently. the power levels currently being met by conventional tech- The Commission also criticised the introduc- sector in a nologies such as fossil fuels, nuclear and large tion of capacity payments. “Before Member hydro power,” the report notes. States intervene in the market on a national cost-effective “The envisaged share of around 14% of elec- basis, cross-border solutions should be consid- manner, it has tricity demand (up from some 6.5% currently) met ered. Usually, European solutions are more cost by wind in 2020, and the 2050 scenarios from effective,” the Commission said. to create a the European Commission showing wind energy “The European Commission is right to be criti- market that as the key generating technology — providing be- cal of capacity payments, which are a disincentive tween 31.6% and 48.7% of electricity production to invest in urgently needed grid infrastructure facilitates this — require market rules to adapt to the generation and create another distortion to the energy mar- transformation.” mix of the future,” it added. ket,” Wilczek said.

44 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | feature |

More action needed The EWEA report, however, contains recommendations that go much further than the Commission’s Communication. Signifi cant cooperation between policy makers and electricity sector stakeholders is needed in order to make the necessary changes to a European energy market that has been developed with traditional centralised power plants in mind, it says. Wilczek, who worked on the new report, said “if Europe is serious about decarbonising the power sector in a cost-effective manner, it has to create a market that facilitates this transformation.” “EWEA’s new report sets out how a single market in electricity could simultaneously create benefi ts for all producers and consumers and integrate renewable energy sources.” The report noted that increased emissions- free wind power integration into the electricity market can help society and the environment CreatingCreating the Internal by helping to insure security of supply, reduce EEnergynergy MMarketarket inin EuropeEurope electricity prices and fuel import bills, drive economic growth, job creation and competitive- A report by the European Wind EnergyEnergy Association - SSeptembereptember 20201212 ness, aid into climate change mitigation efforts. It found that, because structural market dis- Download a copy for free at www.ewea.org/publications tortions remain the main obstacle to creating an internal energy market, a level playing fi eld must be created by removing regulated prices and excessive market concentration to enable The report’s top recommendations small- and medium-sized power generators to enter the market. • Remove regulated energy prices • Remove coal, gas and nuclear subsidies before support for mature Tomorrow’s electricity market renewables Flexibility will become the main feature of • Improve market transparency tomorrow’s European power system, the report • Design electricity market rules that cover larger geographic areas to said, adding the market will push out ineffi cient smooth out variability in wind power and polluting high marginal costs producers, • Design electricity market rules with shorter trading time horizons to slow ramping and infl exible power plants with improve forecast accuracy the introduction of wind energy and other vari- • Create functioning intraday – markets that can change throughout the able renewables. day - and balancing markets at Member State level EWEA Research Offi cer Ivan Pineda, who also • Improve the EU-wide target model – a blueprint for the integration of worked on the new report, said electricity is still Europe’s electricity markets - to allow for the large-scale deployment of a common good that faces high trade barriers wind energy for commercial exchange between countries. • Step-up cooperation between Member States on electricity markets “One the one hand, a single electricity • Establish grid support services markets to create additional non-discrimi- market is important for promoting economic natory revenue for all generators. growth,” Pineda said. “Because having a larger market place for investing and procuring electricity and services will reduce electricity prices for consumers by increasing competition. “Our policy recommendations are aimed at lower- “On the other, it will allow integration of large ing risks for generators in an integrated market amounts of renewable energy that the EU needs through transparent and level playing fi eld rules. for meeting its climate targets and achieving Also, by opening new sources of revenues for security of supply.” generators, such as grid support services, our Pineda added the cost-effi cient integration recommendations aim at providing the power of wind power highly depends on the market system with the fl exibility required for large-scale design and rules for electricity trading. integration of wind.” ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 45 www.ewea.org The voice of the wind energy industry

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Wind turbines and aircraft: fi nding ways to coexist

Lights on wind turbines designed to warn aircraft of their presence can be a disturbance to nearby residents. Philippa Jones investigates a new solution to this conundrum. Photo: Vestas

Radar Installation on turbines at Näsudden wind farm

48 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | technology corner |

uch attention has been given to the prob- Mlems related to radar and the development Aircraft traverse the sky over a wind farm of wind power. Indeed, at least 19 GW of wind projects were blocked in the EU because of radar diffi culties, according to a survey by EWEA carried out last year. But radar is not the only problem to be overcome if wind turbines and aircraft are to co-exist peacefully. The aviation lights sitting on the top of wind turbines to warn planes of their presence can pose their own questions. In an attempt to overcome this issue, Vestas has acquired and implemented a solution that only activates the aviation lights when an aircraft is close to a wind power plant. This minimises any visual impact on the local environment and makes it easier for wind turbines and planes to get along - a relationship that is vital if wind power is to fulfi l its potential in Europe. “Wind farm owners worldwide are required to conform to national regulations and recommendations for marking the wind turbines as air traffi c obstacles,” Morten Sloth, manager of mature products and options in Vestas Turbines R&D division, explains. “Legal requirements are region specifi c, but most solutions provide continuous lighting.” Vestas has therefore recently put to work the so-called Obstacle Collision Avoidance System (OCAS), which should facilitate the happy co-existence of wind farms and aircraft. Acquired from Norwegian radar specialists OCAS AS in October 2011, the technology only activates the

aviation lights on the top of wind turbines when Photo: iStock an aircraft is operating in the immediate vicinity of a wind farm. “This minimises the visual impact and opens up new commercial opportunities band”. Then, once the aircraft has safely passed for sites with regulatory lighting restrictions, [by the activation area, the lights are automatically allowing] potentially taller, higher-yielding turbine switched off again. “The system doesn’t require heights,” says Sloth. any installation in the aircrafts,” confi rms Sloth. “Due to The system is based “on a powerful, low-ener- Vestas has initially installed the system in the height of gy radar system sited at the wind power plant,” he the Swedish wind power plants of Gansparken, explains. “The radar scans the surrounding area Näsudden Väst and Stugyl that are situated on wind turbines, – with a target range of up to fi ve kilometres and the island of Gotland. These plants consist of 27 they can be covering up to 220° – for nearby aircraft.” If an Vestas V90-2.0 MW and V90-3.0 MW-turbines aircraft is detected, the radar “tracks its heading, and are owned by 700 smaller companies and regarded speed and altitude and gauges whether or not the private owners, including Wickman Wind. Andreas as obstacles to system should trigger a warning to the incoming Wickman, CEO of Wickman Wind, says that his aircraft,” adds Sloth. “If a warning is triggered, company is “receiving a lot of positive feed-back aircraft in the OCAS automatically activates the primary visual from the locals” about the technology, and Sloth warning by switching on all the wind power plant agrees that the results appear to be rosy. “If the same way that aviation lights.” The technology also offers an op- system experiences a failure, all aviation lights on communication tion whereby “a secondary warning can be applied the wind farm will be switched on,” he says, but to issue an audio alarm directly to the pilot on an adds that “this has not happened yet in opera- towers or approved VHF frequency in the general aviation tion”. Since being put into operation, “the OCAS chimneys are.”

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 49 | technology corner |

systems have registered all fl ights night which are very bright”. Askew says that the Radar Installation during tests and sent the required OCAS technology “will help in areas where there on Näsudden signals to the aircraft,” he says, is a need for the warning lights, which will only noting that “no failures have been increase as turbines get taller, but where there is Photo: Vestas reported from the operation sites”. concern over visual impact”. Moreover, he insists Moreover, according to Sloth, that the system “has a good heritage as it was the technology is attractive for originally designed to warn low fl ying aircraft of companies like Vestas because the presence of power cables crossing fjords”. it engenders relatively low costs. While, “the OCAS solution is solving one of the “The cost is very much driven by the major challenges regarding wind and aviation, not number of radars required to cover only between the wind farm owners and the avia- the surrounding of the site with 360° tion authorities, but also for the public living close [surveillance],” he explains. “Hence, to the wind farm,” Sloth agrees that solutions re- the cost is driven by the site layout, main to be found for other problems in this area. its complexity and the number of “One of the issues still being addressed by stake- turbines.” Given this positive result, holders like the wind industry, military and civil Vestas now plans to roll out the aviation is the distance from the nacelle to the technology “globally with a focus blade tip,” he says. “Normally an object must be on countries with high restrictions marked at the highest point, but on a wind turbine to aviation marking and ambitious the highest point is moving and changing between renewable energy plans”. the three blades,” explains Sloth. Therefore, There were some “some up-start “lights in the blade tips would disturb pilots problems” with the installation of the more than helping them and it would become technology on Gotland, according to very annoying to neighbours [of wind farms]”. He Wickman, namely “problems to have says that this issue is currently being worked on the radar signals clear and steady,” in different forums and that Denmark is working but he says that since then everything has gone on new regulations to tackle this diffi culty. “This “OK” and that his company plans to make use is driven by Trafi kstyrelsen under the Ministry of of the technology on other of its wind farms. Transport and the wind industry is involved.” For However, for him the technology “is expensive” Askew, “the most acute problem” related to avia- and therefore “defi nitely not for single turbines”. tion remains “the interaction with radars as wind “Five to ten units is the minimum turbines can be categorised as needed to hold costs down,” he “it is safe to aircraft by current radar systems”. suggests, explaining that “one But he says that progress is like- radar costs around €100,000 say that [aviation wise being made in this domain and for our wind farm of 27 wind solutions] is a very too. “There are a number of tech- turbine generator systems we nologies being developed at the “Half of all needed fi ve radar units”. busy area and has moment to mitigate the effects wind farm According to RenewableUK, not yet and these are at various stages half of all wind farm develop- of development from research to developments ments in the UK will face objec- seen any impacts near deployment.” will face tions from aviation stakeholders from the economic Each country is obviously dif- on the grounds of radar interfer- ferent and, as the UK Department objections from ence, obstruction or impact to downturn.” of Energy and Climate Change aviation low fl ying. Paul Askew, head of (DECC) points out, “each area of aviation at RenewableUK, believes that OCAS is aviation demands its own solutions” with objec- stakeholders a good solution to some of the problems associ- tions raised by both military and civilian bodies. on the grounds ated with wind farms and aviation. “Due to the Moreover, solutions are not cheap. A full set of height of wind turbines, they can be regarded as technical solutions to all affected radars could of radar obstacles to aircraft in the same way that com- cost up to £100 million between now and 2020, interference, munication towers or chimneys are,” he says. according to Renewable UK. This is a consider- “Onshore this is generally when they reach tip able amount of money, especially in the current obstruction or heights of 150 metres or more, although if they economic climate. However, according to Askew impact to low are in proximity to aerodromes that height can be “it is safe to say that this is a very busy area and much lower.” Therefore, “regulations will demand has not yet seen any impacts from the economic ﬂ ying.” that they are lit with aviation warning lights at downturn.”■

50 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 Book your Lighting stand now! the way EWEA OFFSHORE 2013 19 - 21 November 2013 Frankfurt, Germany

EWEA OFFSHORE 2013 will be a guiding light for the offshore industry, providing the latest information, predicting trends, showcasing cutting-edge innovations and connecting key industry and political players.

19 – 21 NOVEMBER This event has everything you need to light your way towards www.ewea.org/offshore2013 future growth.

SUPPORTED BY: ORGANISED BY:

Tuesday 19 - Thursday 21 November 2013 - Messe, Frankfurt, Germany ee lee l ite h

| mini focus: wind farm tourism | Wh o to: to Pho P

A museum, a city tour…. and a wind

farm? By Zoë Casey

Visitor centres at wind farms are starting to crop up across Europe. Zoë Casey went exploring to discover how they can change public opinion.

isible from the aircraft as you land, visible school children across Scotland have been invited Vfrom the city’s main shopping street, the to design the renewable energy of the future with 140 turbines at Whitelee wind farm dominate winning designs to be displayed in the centre next Glasgow’s southern skyline. year. Meanwhile, the centre also offers children’s Whitelee is one of Europe’s largest onshore birthday parties and turbine tours. wind farms and, with the 600,000 or so residents But it’s not just science and education visitors of Glasgow at its feet, a visitor come for, it’s also because the cen- centre offering creative insights “We have many tre itself is an attractive Alpine-like

Photo: EWEA/Visscher into wind energy, and a coffee shop visitors from eco-building with huge windows and with a spectacular view, clearly a viewing terrace that allows you to makes good public-relations sense. Glasgow, but also stare out onto the spectacular wind “We have many visitors from from around the farm and surrounding highlands Glasgow, but also from around and, if you’re lucky with the weather, the world with student groups world with student over the river Clyde to the Isle of from France and as far afi eld as groups from Aran, all the while nursing a cup of Thailand,” Andrea McFetridge from coffee. “People come here just for the visitor centre said. Since it France and as far the views,” McFetridge said. opened its doors at the end of aﬁ eld as Thailand.” The centre is powered by the 2009 over 250,000 visitors have wind farm and solar panels on its fl ocked to see the science exhibition. Created by roof which means from time to time when the both the wind farm’s owners Scottish Power – a winds are too light and the sun is not strong subsidiary of Iberdrola – and the Glasgow Science enough the centre is plunged into darkness Centre, it houses hands-on, innovative activities before it switches over to the grid. It also has which appeal to children and adults alike. a free electric car charging point, counters that One exhibit asks you to locate wind turbines show how much electricity the farm is producing on a hilly site, then a wind machine blows and and the total amount produced and a wind turbine the effi ciency of your choice of turbine location is blade on display. revealed. Another is a television game-show style Whitelee bursts with fresh ideas; in October interactive video game asking wind energy ques- the centre held a star-gazing night when over tions, while yet another activity station invites you a hundred people came to admire the starry to try and balance electricity on the national grid. Scottish skies and hoped to catch a glimpse of Children and students are clearly a target the Northern Lights which were visible in Scotland audience for the centre. Primary school children at the time. And, on Halloween over 100 children visit in groups up to twice a day and secondary and parents gathered at the wind farm for an

52 EWEA staff pile into the WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 turbine near Aachen | mini focus: wind farm tourism | Photo: EWEA / Visscher

The science exhibition at Photos of visitors adorn the

Whitlee Photo: Whitelee inside of the turbine at Aachen evening of ghost-spotting walks around the tur- of the top of the turbine’s hub and marvelling at “The [visitor- bines. The centre has also hosted local farmers the sights as the blades swoosh by a few metres markets, demonstrations from local cooks and away. friendly] horse-riding familiarisation days – especially de- Inside the turbine’s nacelle, where the genera- turbine is very signed for those who believe horses are spooked tor is, visitors can gain an understanding of how by wind turbines. the turbine produces energy and the spaces in important to The farm has also become a magnet for dog which engineers have to work – the nacelle is show people walkers and cyclists previously unable to access small and in the summer temperatures can be the site. “Before the wind farm was built Whitelee stifl ing. An electronic display shows how much about wind was inaccessible bog land. Now there are miles electricity the turbine is producing, as well as the energy.” of cycling and walking tracks and in the winter total output over its lifetime which, in October we even get skiers and snowboarders up here,” 2012 was 3,682,4099 kilowatt hours of energy. McFetridge said. Whitelee plans to capitalise on Managed by WindVision, this 1.5 MW Enercon its outdoor activities by extending and actively turbine with a 66 metre rotor diameter has promoting new cycling tracks, she added. already attracted thousands of visitors. “This While Whitelee has successfully turned itself turbine is very important to show people about into a tourist attraction and education hub, has it wind energy,” Pieter De Greef from WindVision had any impact on public acceptance? McFetridge said. “By coming up here you can see how simple thinks so. “The visitor centre and turbine tours wind energy is and how harnessing the power of help changes people’s minds by presenting the the wind makes sense,” he said. ■ facts,” she said. “But we do have the odd anti- wind visitor and that’s fi ne too. At least they’re coming to fi nd out more,” she added. Whitelee facts Reaching new heights in Aachen Distance from Glasgow: 30 kilometres Standing in a fi eld outside of Aachen in western Opening hours: 10am – 5pm 7 days a week from 1 march to the end of Germany is a wind turbine with a difference: November. inside the turbine tower a spiralling staircase of Entrance charge: Free 300 steps 65 metres high takes you right to the More information: www.whiteleewindfarm.com top of the wind turbine where a special glass viewing platform has been constructed just under the turbine nacelle. Aachen facts On a good day you can see for miles out over Distance from Aachen: 7 km an area of outstanding natural beauty and far Entrance charge: Free beyond the other turbines of Vestachau wind Visits: held on Tuesdays and Thursdays and arranged by fi lling in an online form farm. And once you’ve had a tour of the platform (German only) at www.aachen-hat-energie.de you can go even higher by poking your head out

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 53 | spotlight on grids |

“The supergrid means a

transformed energy system” Photo: FOSG

Europe’s energy infrastructure urgently needs updating. In this interview, Ana Aguado, CEO of Friends of the Supergrid, explores how this can be done.

What is the supergrid and why do we need support at EU level, existing differences in combating climate change and secure and it? the electricity regulatory frameworks of the independent energy supplies. Consumers We defi ne the supergrid as “a pan-Euro- Member States, and, as a consequence of need to understand that in order to exploit pean transmission network facilitating the the two previous points, a lack of incen- our renewable energy sources there is no integration of large-scale renewable energy tives to investors. other way than the supergrid. and the balancing and transportation of electricity, with the aim of improving the Do we yet have the technology to deliver a The European Commission has said it European market”. supergrid? wants a single market in electricity by In order to transform our energy sys- Yes, we can start the supergrid in the 2014 – is that goal realistic? tems to one that is based on clean and North Sea by building supernodes: No, it cannot be since the necessary invest- indigenous resources there is no other way Alternating Current (AC) is used to collect ments in transmission networks in Europe but to build a European high voltage net- the energy from offshore wind parks and have not been made in the last 15 years. work able to integrate all those renewable then Direct Current (DC) to transmit this The regulatory frameworks will certainly energy sources, cope with their variability energy to distant load centres. We then evolve in the right direction by 2014 but it and transport electricity over long distanc- convert back to AC for connection to exist- will not be suffi cient for a single market. es. We call such an EU planned network, ing transmission systems. We propose to the supergrid. do this using many supernodes connected If you could look-ahead to 2020, then 2030 in a DC grid to allow multidirectional power and fi nally 2050, how would you describe What is Friends of the Supergrid? fl ows depending on supply and demand. Europe’s electricity infrastructure and mar- Friends of the Supergrid (FOSG) was ket at those points? launched in 2008 when 13 founding mem- One of your stated aims is “improving the If we really wish to decarbonise the power ber companies decided that it was time for European market” what does this mean? sector and the European economy as Europe to work in practical terms towards Will consumers benefi t? much as 90% by 2050 the necessary a transformed energy system. Today FOSG One of the reasons why Europe can steps should be taken now. Investments counts on the support of 25 companies still not benefi t from a single electricity related to energy in general and to infra- representing the entire supply chain neces- market is due to the lack of necessary structure in particular are by defi nition long- sary to build a European supergrid. Our infrastructure. Moreover, much necessary term. The networks or generation units fi rm belief is that there will be no transition infrastructure hasn’t been built in the last built today will last in most cases for at without transmission. 15 years partly due to public opposition. least 40 years; and nobody wishes to have I am personally very fond of this project Citizens and consumers in Europe were stranded assets at a certain moment. that goes beyond the integration of mar- not very in favour of the idea of building But decarbonising means a completely kets or even of renewable energy sources high voltage networks for the sake of different way in planning the networks (which would nevertheless already justify trade or the removal of grid congestion. and certainly in the generation sources to the supergrid); it means greater EU integra- Conventional power stations can be built be used. I therefore see new targets for tion through a new electricity sector that close to consumption zones and the renewables by 2030 and beyond if still will drive Europe towards a sustainable general benefi ts that a single market can necessary and the fi rst phases of the su- future thanks to the innovation and the bring thanks to transmission are too vague pergrid being built by 2020 or right after. new opportunities that it implies. to be appreciated by consumers. However, Regarding the single electricity market, the supergrid means a transformed energy I would guess that we can start benefi tting What are the three main barriers lying in system where clean and indigenous en- from regional electricity markets by 2016 the way of the supergrid? ergy sources will be used, it means local and from a single electricity market hope- A lack of the necessary strong political employment and increased GDP, it means fully before 2020, maybe 2018? ■

54 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 | EWEA news |

Wind industry loses committed journalist

Crispin Aubrey - dedicated wind energy jour- was involved in a landmark campaign and nalist, environmental campaigner, and Wind court case in the 1970s – the ‘ABC defence Directions writer and former editor - died of campaign’, where ‘ABC’ were the three ryant

a heart attack on 28 September 2012. defendants’ initials, with ‘A’ being Aubrey - B Christian Kjaer, EWEA’s Chief Executive, defending reporters who were threatened ason described the news as devastating: “He is with deportation for exposing government J an immeasurable loss to the wind energy secrets. oto: Ph industry and to journalism, both as a re- Passionately pro-renewables, Aubrey spected colleague and a valued friend. began writing and editing Wind Directions writing – and making an at times complex “We are forever in Crispin’s debt for in the 1990s. For a number of years, he subject clear and comprehensible – and a his huge contribution to the European was involved in the writing and production meticulous attention to detail, which were Wind Energy Association as long-time of every single page of the magazine, and invaluable to the magazine and to EWEA. editor of and writer for our magazine Wind in recent issues he penned the always Aubrey also wrote three books and was Directions,” Kjaer said. impeccably researched ‘Technology Corner’. closely involved in the UK’s Glastonbury mu- Born in Surrey, UK, the 66 year old His self-effacing manner and gentle humour sic festival as press offi cer for many years. began his career with British magazine Time belied an immense knowledge of wind en- He is survived by his wife, three daughters, Out, investigating environmental issues. He ergy and journalism, an immense talent for and four grandchildren.

EWEA 2013 Technology It’s never too early conference dinner workshops in 2013 to begin planning to take place in EWEA’s series of workshops on technol- Those with an interest in helping to ogy issues continues in 2013 with a develop Europe’s massive offshore wind Hofburg second resource assessment workshop, potential should mark their calendars for as requested by participants at the May the EWEA OFFSHORE 2013 conference

a 2011 edition. It will take place in the 19-21 November.

mer second quarter of the year. Held in Frankfurt, Germany, the He This will be followed by a workshop world’s largest offshore conference and o to: to

ho dedicated to wind forecasting, another exhibition will build on the success of Pho topic requested by EWEA members. This the 2011 edition in Amsterdam and offer will take place in the fourth quarter of attendees a myriad of opportunities to 2013 and is being organised in associa- learn, network and socialise while also tion with the ANEMOS Consortium. getting a better understanding of the Exact dates and venues of both rapidly-growing offshore wind sector. workshops to be announced by the end And even though it’s still 2012, don’t of 2012. forget to plan for the EWEA 2014 Annual For questions about EWEA workshops contact Tim Event, 10-13 March in Barcelona, Spain. Robinson: [email protected] Visit www.ewea.org for more details.

Reading corner Professor Peter Tavner from Durham University, UK, and Track Chair for science and technology at EWEA 2013 in Vienna, UK explains his new Built as part of the city’s medieval forti- book, “offshore wind turbines – reliability, availability and maintenance” fi cations, the Hofburg is the Habsburg’s Offshore wind power is a challenging technology. Early experience shows former imperial residence, and, during that the resource offshore is excellent but the manufacturing and installation the EWEA 2013, the building will host the CAPEX costs are high. This places emphasis on Developers and Operators to Peter Tavner popular conference dinner on 6 February. ensure that assets operate to their maximum capability with the lowest OPEX costs. This book This event typically sells out so book your gives the facts and fi gures about offshore operations, fi rmly based on operational experience. ticket early! During the evening profes- The main fi nding was that large offshore wind farm performance can be improved beyond sionals from the wind industry will get present experience and beyond onshore performance. Results show that offshore wind the chance to meet over an excellent power stations can and will be a major electrical power contributor but we must approach meal and enjoy an evening of high-class their operational performance with the same professionalism as the multi-MW wind turbine entertainment. developers and designers. For more information: www.ewea.org/annual2013 The book is published by the Institution of Engineering and Technology: www.theiet.org/books-offshore

WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 55 | new members |

EWEA welcomes new members

BASF SE (Germany) Marlow Ropes Ltd. (United Kingdom) the learning curve of wind energy at sea. Extreme BASF supports the development of wind power as Marlow Ropes Ltd produces ropes for the Yachting, conditions and high reliability makes testing and a climate-friendly source of energy in the energy Military, Arboriculture, Winchline, Film & Theatre fi eld datasets crucial. In a large climate chamber, mix. BASF’s portfolio for wind power applications Rigging and Safety & Access markets. More recently component suppliers can take their solutions to comprises epoxy and coating systems, special Marlow have expanded their factory to allow more the limit: system tests in extreme temperatures. grouting mortars and concrete additives as well machines to service the Marine and Offshore market. OWI-Lab also carries out offshore fi eld measure- as lubricants. The innovative solutions from BASF As a UK rope manufacturer Marlow has a high quality ments on different components for R&D purpose. facilitate more effi cient manufacturing, coating brand and pride themselves on quality and innova- www.owi-lab.be and maintenance of rotor blades, foundations, tion from start to fi nish in every product. towers and gearboxes of wind turbines. In this way www.marlowropes.com Centrum Rozwoju Energetyki (Poland) BASF helps to make wind turbines more profi table Centrum Rozwoju Energetyki (CRE) is an engineer- and more durable. BASF continually develops and National Instruments Italy S.r.l. (Italy) ing and consultancy fi rm that has excelled in the improves its wind power portfolio in close coopera- Since 1976, National Instruments has equipped implementation and management of investments tion with its customers. engineers and scientists with tools that accelerate in wind power and other renewable energy sourc- www.windenergy.basf.com productivity, innovation and discovery. NI’s graphi- es. We offer our clients comprehensive engineer- cal system design approach provides an integrated ing, fi nancial, business and project management Fill GmbH (Austria) software and hardware platform that speeds the advice in the designing, measurement, sale and www.fi ll.co.at development of any system needing measurement installation of wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, and control. From the development of more energy- waste to energy and biomass technologies. CRE Hytorc UNEX Ltd. (United Kingdom) effi cient systems to enhanced environmental moni- is one of the few companies that has successfully HYTORC is dedicated to delivering the safest and toring and cleaner systems, many of today’s most launched and completed renewable energy pro- simplest industrial bolting systems to assure joint pressing issues are being addressed with applica- jects in Poland. integrity. With over 40 years of experience, nearly tions powered by NI products. www.c-re.pl every innovation in torque and tensioning systems www.ni.com has come from HYTORC. Our engineering team Syndicat des Energies Renouvelables (France) continues to push the limits to deliver the best Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Application www.enr.fr equipment possible. There is no bolting challenge Lab (OWI-Lab) (Belgium) that we cannot solve! By building up dedicated test infrastructure, and Thrustmaster of Texas, Inc. (United States) www.hytorc.co.uk setting up R&D projects, the OWI-Lab contributes to www.thrustmastertexas.com

Events

EWEA 2013 Annual Event EWEA OFFSHORE 2013 4-7 February 2013 19 – 21 November 2013 Vienna, Austria Frankfurt, Germany www.ewea.org/events www.ewea.org/events E-mail: [email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Tel: +32 2 213 18 60 Tel: +32 2 213 1860

56 WIND DIRECTIONS | December 2012 WINDPOWER is the Source to Find Your Business Solutions

The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) is a national trade association representing wind power project developers, equipment suppliers, services providers, parts manufacturers, utilities, researchers, and others involved in the wind industry. AWEA also represents hundreds of wind energy advocates from around the world.

AWEA WINDPOWER® Conference & Exhibition is the annual focal point for wind professionals; it’s where serious wind professionals convene to grow their companies, ﬁnd real solutions to business challenges, learn from industry leaders and experts, discover the latest in industry products and services, and reconnect with colleagues and friends.

Solutions for Success www.WINDPOWERexpo.org

Scan this code with your smartphone to learn more! | the last word |

“Our aim should be to supply Europe with 100% renewables”

enewable energy has had an incredible needs to improve its competitiveness. Prices for Rsuccess in Germany. When renewables fi rst onshore wind energy have undercut prices for coal came up, they were a niche product for a minor- in Germany and producers of offshore wind energy ity and almost no one - not even we, the Greens are expected to decrease the costs signifi cantly over - anticipated the success they have had in the the next years to become competitive. meantime. German wind energy plants generated But offshore wind energy is also highly depend- electricity worth €5.96 bn in 2011 and made up ent on a speedy and well planned grid connection. 9.2% of the 25% renewables share in total energy The disaster with the transmission system operator production in Germany in 2012. However, this is TenneT TSO Gmbh in Germany has generated a not a development that is restricted to Germany. huge fi nancial loss for offshore wind energy produc- Potential for wind energy can be found in many ers. The government under Merkel has acted too regions in Europe. Great Britain, for instance, late and done too little to avoid the situation. The Photo: Alliance ‘90/The Greens focuses on offshore wind energy. question remains why a not suffi ciently fi nanced Germany’s energy transformation away from company was chosen to shoulder such a cost By Cem Özdemir, coal and nuclear energy towards renewables intensive and critical project. This underlines the co-chairman of the German requires a European approach. For Europe and its importance of cohesive and anticipatory policies. political party Alliance ‘90/ member states, renewables, on the Future technological options should The Greens one hand, provide the opportunity “Our aim should be explored. Promising new technolo- to transform the energy system gies such as ‘power to gas’ uses towards clean and sustainable be to supply existing gas grid infrastructure to energy forms. On the other hand Europe with store electricity and provide it when they offer economic benefi ts such and where needed. In this electroly- as new jobs and independence 100% renewables sis process power from wind energy from energy imports. There are therefore a plants is used to generate hydrogen also challenges ahead of us. The which can be treated like natural gas. potential for renewables differs European A network of pioneers is currently de- among Member States. However, approach to a veloping this technology in Germany. our aim should be to supply Europe Wind energy has been supported with 100% renewables. Therefore shared electricity by many individual, small producers a European approach to a shared grid is pivotal.” in its early years. The market has electricity grid is pivotal in order to developed incrementally and today allocate renewables where they are needed. We offers business opportunities for a wide range of need more cooperation among Member States actors. Just recently wind energy in Europe has regarding the production and transmission of re- achieved the milestone of 100 gigawatt (GW) of newables. Similar to the former European Coal and installed capacity a year. In 2011 wind energy Steel Union it is necessary to organise an Internal contributed 10% of Europe’s power capacities and Market for renewable energies. Hence, European created hundreds of thousands of much needed leaders can contribute in setting up a fostering sustainable jobs. regulatory framework. Just imagine: this could substitute the power Wind energy in Germany has benefi ted from production of 39 nuclear plants. a fostering political environment. The Renewable The last six years have shown that the EU’s Energy Law ensures planning security through Member States can accelerate their effort to ex- guaranteed prices per kWh of wind energy. The pand their wind energy production. There is a huge development of wind energy from a niche to a com- potential for wind energy in Europe. Let’s create petitive energy form is mainly due to this supportive ways to make wind energy the energy source for framework. However, the wind energy sector also Europe’s future! ■

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