DOCSLIB.ORG

Structural State of Rare Earth Elements in Eudialyte-Group Minerals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Structural State of Rare Earth Elements in Eudialyte-Group Minerals Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 03, 2021 Structural state of rare earth elements in eudialyte-group minerals Borst, Anouk M.; Finch, Adrian A.; Friis, Henrik; Horsburgh, Nicola J.; Gamaletsos, Platon N.; Goettlicher, Joerg; Steininger, Ralph; Geraki, Kalotina Published in: Mineralogical Magazine Link to article, DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2019.50 Publication date: 2020 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Borst, A. M., Finch, A. A., Friis, H., Horsburgh, N. J., Gamaletsos, P. N., Goettlicher, J., Steininger, R., & Geraki, K. (2020). Structural state of rare earth elements in eudialyte-group minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 84(1), 19- 34. https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.50 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Mineralogical Magazine (2020), 84,19–34 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.50 Article Structural state of rare earth elements in eudialyte-group minerals Anouk M. Borst1* , Adrian A. Finch1 , Henrik Friis2 , Nicola J. Horsburgh1, Platon N. Gamaletsos3,4 , Joerg Goettlicher5, Ralph Steininger5 and Kalotina Geraki6 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, North Street, St Andrews KY16 9AL, United Kingdom; 2Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Postboks 1172, Blindern 0318 Oslo, Norway; 3Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; 4Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; 5Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; and 6Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom Abstract Eudialyte-group minerals (EGM) attract global interest as potential resources for high-field-strength elements (e.g. Zr, Nb, Ta, and rare-earth elements), i.e. critical materials for modern technologies. They are particularly valued for their relative enrichment in the most critical lanthanides, i.e. Nd and heavy rare earth elements (Gd–Lu). However, rare earth element (REE) substitution mechanisms into the EGM structure are still poorly understood. Light and heavy REE may occupy different sites and there may be ordering and/or defect clustering in the structure. This study uses X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the structural state of REE in EGM from prospective eudialyte-bearing complexes. Yttrium K-edge and Nd L3-edge spectra were collected as proxies for heavy and light REE, respectively, and compared to natural and synthetic REE-bearing standards. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure data yield best fits for Y in six-fold coordination with Y–O distances of 2.24–2.32 Å, and a second coordination sphere comprising Fe, Na, Ca, Si and O at radial distances of 3.6–3.8 Å. These findings are consistent with dominant Y3+ substitution for Ca2+ on the octahedral M1 site in all the samples studied, and exclude preferential substitution of Y3+ onto the smaller octahedral Z site or the large low-symmetry N4 site. Using lattice strain theory, we constructed relative partitioning models to predict site preferences of lanthanides we have not measured directly. The models predict that all REE are favoured on the Ca-dominant M1 site and that preferential partitioning of heavy over light REE increases in EGM containing significant Mn in the M1-octahedral rings (oneillite subgroup). Thus, the flat REE profiles that make EGM such attractive exploration targets are not due to preferential partitioning of light and heavy REE onto different sites. Instead, local ordering of Mn- and Ca-occupied M1 sites may influence the capacity of EGM to accommodate heavy REE. Keywords: critical metals, eudialyte-group minerals, peralkaline igneous rocks, rare earth elements, partitioning models, lattice strain theory, XANES, EXAFS, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, high-field-strength elements (Received 7 April 2019; accepted 26 July 2019; Accepted Manuscript published online: 2 August 2019; Associate Editor: Katharina Pfaff) Introduction Eudialyte-group minerals, their alteration products and asso- ciated mineral assemblages are of significant economic interest Eudialyte-group minerals (EGM) are Na-Ca-Zr-cyclosilicates that as they provide potential low-cost resources for elements such accommodate many elements in their complex trigonal crystal as Zr, REE, Nb and Ta. These metals have a wide variety of structure. In addition to the essential constituents Na, Ca, Zr uses in modern technologies, ranging from durable alloys, per- and Si, they host significant amounts of Fe, Mn, REE, Y, Nb, manent magnets, catalysts and energy-efficient lighting phos- Hf, Ti, K, Sr and Ti as well as Cl, F, H O and OH groups 2 phors to rechargeable batteries, and thus crucial enablers of the (Johnsen and Grice, 1999). Consequently, the eudialyte group clean energy and transport transition. Rare earth elements, in encompasses a wide range of minerals of varying compositions particular, are considered critical metals due to challenges in and space groups (Rastsvetaeva and Chukanov, 2012), which at their supply chain and a projected growth in demand present includes over 28 species accepted by the International (Chakhmouradian and Wall, 2012; Hatch, 2012; European Mineralogical Association (IMA), reported from c. 105 localities Commission, 2017; Goodenough et al., 2017; Roskill, 2018; worldwide (Marks and Markl, 2017). Adamas Intelligence, 2019). Significant deposits of EGM are found in peralkaline igneous complexes such as: Ilímaussaq (Greenland); Norra Kärr (Sweden); Lovozero and Khibina *Author for correspondence: Anouk M. Borst, Email: [email protected] (Russia); Kipawa (Canada); and Pajarito (USA) (e.g. Mariano and This paper is part of a thematic set arising from the 3rd International Critical Metals Mariano Jr, 2012; Sjöqvist et al., 2013; Machacek and Kalvig, Conference (Edinburgh, May 2019). 2016; Goodenough et al., 2016; Smith et al., 2016; Marks and Cite this article: Borst A.M., Finch A.A., Friis H., Horsburgh N.J., Gamaletsos P.N., Markl, 2017; Borst et al., 2018). Eudialyte represents a relatively Goettlicher J., Steininger R. and Geraki K. (2020) Structural state of rare earth elements ∼ – ∼ in eudialyte-group minerals. Mineralogical Magazine 84,19–34. https://doi.org/10.1180/ low-grade ore mineral ( 1 10 wt.% total REE2O3, 1 wt.% of mgm.2019.50 Nb2O5 and <0.5 wt.% Ta2O5) compared to carbonatite-hosted © The Author(s) 2019. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 20 Anouk M. Borst et al. REE ore minerals, but their economic importance is enhanced by predominantly occupy 4- or 5-coordinated M2 sites, respectively, relatively high proportions of the more valuable (i.e. more critical) in planar squares or five vertex-pyramids between the six- heavy rare earth elements (HREE) relative to the light rare earth membered rings (Guiseppetti et al., 1971; Johnsen and Grice, elements (LREE) (Fryer and Edgar, 1977; Binnemans et al., 2018), 1999; Rastsvetaeva and Chukanov, 2012; Rastsvetaeva, 2007). as well as relatively low U and Th contents (Schilling et al., 2011) Ordering of elements on the various sites gives rise to a wide and ease of extraction through magnetic separation (Goodenough range of EGM compositions and structural hettotypes, predomin- et al., 2017; Paulick and Machacek, 2017). Recent efforts to improve antly within the R3m, R3m and R3 space groups (Rastsvetaeva, the metallurgical processing of eudialyte focused on resolving 2007, Rastsvetaeva and Chukanov, 2012). issues with the formation of silica gels which hinders metal extraction. The IMA-accepted formula for the eudialyte group is: Θ + Innovative multi-step leaching techniques have been developed and N15–16[M1]6[M2]3[M3][M4]Z3Si24O66–73( )0–9(X)2,where:N =Na , + 2+ 2+ 3+ □ 2+ 2+ + promise potential for upscaling, though economic viability has yet K ,Sr ,Ca , REE , (vacancy), Ba ,Mn or H3O ; to be demonstrated at industry scales (Stark et al., 2016; Balomenos M1=Ca2+, REE3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Na+,Sr2+; M2=Fe2+,Mn2+, + □ + 4+ 5+ 4+ + 2+ 3+ 4+ et al., 2017;Davriset al., 2017; Voßenkaul et al., 2017). Na , ,H3O ,Zr ,Ta ,Ti ,K,Ba or Fe ; M3/4 = Si , At the heart of eudialyte’s commercial value is its relatively flat Al3+,Nb5+,Ti4+,W6+ or Na+, Z =Zr4+,Hf4+,Ti4+ or Nb5+; Θ – 2– 2– 2– 4– – – chondrite-normalised REE profile (Chakhmouradian and Wall, =H2O, OH ,O ,CO3 ,SO4 or SiO4 ; and X =Cl ,F or – 2012, Fryer and Edgar, 1977). Partitioning of REE in minerals typ- OH (Johnsen et al., 2003). ically produces parabolic or curved profiles (due to partitioning Empirical formulae are calculated on the basis of 29 cations for behaviour as a function of ionic radius, e.g. Blundy and Wood, the sum of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Hf, Nb, W and Ta. At present, 200 years 2003) and the unusually flat to HREE-enriched profiles in EGM after eudialyte was first reported (Stromeyer, 1819), the eudialyte hints at substitutions into multiple sites, site ordering and/or group comprises 28 independent IMA-approved mineral species, defect clustering. Furthermore, the open literature is inconsistent and new ones are described regularly (e.g.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chemical Composition and Petrogenetic Implications of Eudialyte-Group Mineral in the Peralkaline Lovozero Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia
    minerals Article Chemical Composition and Petrogenetic Implications of Eudialyte-Group Mineral in the Peralkaline Lovozero Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia Lia Kogarko 1,* and Troels F. D. Nielsen 2 1 Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 September 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 20 November 2020 Abstract: Lovozero complex, the world’s largest layered peralkaline intrusive complex hosts gigantic deposits of Zr-, Hf-, Nb-, LREE-, and HREE-rich Eudialyte Group of Mineral (EGM). The petrographic relations of EGM change with time and advancing crystallization up from Phase II (differentiated complex) to Phase III (eudialyte complex). EGM is anhedral interstitial in all of Phase II which indicates that EGM nucleated late relative to the main rock-forming and liquidus minerals of Phase II. Saturation in remaining bulk melt with components needed for nucleation of EGM was reached after the crystallization about 85 vol. % of the intrusion. Early euhedral and idiomorphic EGM of Phase III crystalized in a large convective volume of melt together with other liquidus minerals and was affected by layering processes and formation of EGM ore. Consequently, a prerequisite for the formation of the ore deposit is saturation of the alkaline bulk magma with EGM. It follows that the potential for EGM ores in Lovozero is restricted to the parts of the complex that hosts cumulus EGM. Phase II with only anhedral and interstitial EGM is not promising for this type of ore.
    [Show full text]
  • New Minerals Approved Bythe Ima Commission on New
    NEW MINERALS APPROVED BY THE IMA COMMISSION ON NEW MINERALS AND MINERAL NAMES ALLABOGDANITE, (Fe,Ni)l Allabogdanite, a mineral dimorphous with barringerite, was discovered in the Onello iron meteorite (Ni-rich ataxite) found in 1997 in the alluvium of the Bol'shoy Dolguchan River, a tributary of the Onello River, Aldan River basin, South Yakutia (Republic of Sakha- Yakutia), Russia. The mineral occurs as light straw-yellow, with strong metallic luster, lamellar crystals up to 0.0 I x 0.1 x 0.4 rnrn, typically twinned, in plessite. Associated minerals are nickel phosphide, schreibersite, awaruite and graphite (Britvin e.a., 2002b). Name: in honour of Alia Nikolaevna BOG DAN OVA (1947-2004), Russian crys- tallographer, for her contribution to the study of new minerals; Geological Institute of Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity. fMA No.: 2000-038. TS: PU 1/18632. ALLOCHALCOSELITE, Cu+Cu~+PbOZ(Se03)P5 Allochalcoselite was found in the fumarole products of the Second cinder cone, Northern Breakthrought of the Tolbachik Main Fracture Eruption (1975-1976), Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It occurs as transparent dark brown pris- matic crystals up to 0.1 mm long. Associated minerals are cotunnite, sofiite, ilin- skite, georgbokiite and burn site (Vergasova e.a., 2005). Name: for the chemical composition: presence of selenium and different oxidation states of copper, from the Greek aA.Ao~(different) and xaAxo~ (copper). fMA No.: 2004-025. TS: no reliable information. ALSAKHAROVITE-Zn, NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)JSi401ZJz(0,OH)4·7HzO photo 1 Labuntsovite group Alsakharovite-Zn was discovered in the Pegmatite #45, Lepkhe-Nel'm MI.
    [Show full text]
  • JOHNSENITE-(Ce): a NEW MEMBER of the EUDIALYTE GROUP from MONT SAINT-HILAIRE, QUEBEC, CANADA
    105 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 44, pp. 105-115 (2006) JOHNSENITE-(Ce): A NEW MEMBER OF THE EUDIALYTE GROUP FROM MONT SAINT-HILAIRE, QUEBEC, CANADA JOEL D. GRICE§ AND ROBERT A. GAULT Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada ABSTRACT Johnsenite-(Ce), ideally Na12(Ce,La,Sr,Ca,M)3Ca6Mn3Zr3W(Si25O73)(CO3)(OH,Cl)2, is a new member of the eudialyte group from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, and is the W analogue of zirsilite-(Ce). It occurs as deeply etched, skeletal crystals to 4 mm and aggregates of crystals to 1 cm. Associated minerals include, albite, calcite, pectolite, aegirine, fluorapophyllite, zirsilite-(Ce), a burbankite- group phase, dawsonite, rhodochrosite, epididymite, galena, molybdenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, quartz, an amphibole-group mineral, sphalerite, stillwellite-(Ce), titanite, cerite-(Ce), tuperssuatsiaite, steacyite, catapleiite, zakharovite, natrolite and microcline. It is transparent to translucent with a vitreous luster and white streak. It is brittle with a Mohs hardness of 5–6. It has no discernable cleavage or parting and an uneven fracture. It is uniaxial negative with v 1.648(1) and 1.637(1). It is trigonal, space group R3m, a 14.237(3) and c 30.03(1) Å, V 5271(2) Å3, Z = 3. The eight strongest X-ray powder-diffrac- tion lines, measured for johnsenite-(Ce) [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 11.308(95)(101), 9.460(81)(012), 4.295(34)(205), 3.547(36)(220), 3.395(38)(131), 3.167(75)(217), 2.968(100)(315) and 2.849(81)(404).
    [Show full text]
  • Eudialyte-Group Minerals from the Monte De Trigo Alkaline Suite, Brazil
    DOI: 10.1590/2317-4889201620160075 ARTICLE Eudialyte-group minerals from the Monte de Trigo alkaline suite, Brazil: composition and petrological implications Minerais do grupo da eudialita da suíte alcalina Monte de Trigo, Brasil: composição e implicações petrológicas Gaston Eduardo Enrich Rojas1*, Excelso Ruberti1, Rogério Guitarrari Azzone1, Celso de Barros Gomes1 ABSTRACT: The Monte de Trigo alkaline suite is a SiO2- RESUMO: A suíte alcalina do Monte de Trigo é uma associação sie- undersaturated syenite-gabbroid association from the Serra do nítico-gabroide que pertence à província alcalina da Serra do Mar. Mar alkaline province. Eudialyte-group minerals (EGMs) occur in Minerais do grupo da eudialita (EGMs) ocorrem em um dique de ne- one nepheline microsyenite dyke, associated with aegirine-augite, felina microssienito associados a egirina-augita, wöhlerita, lavenita, wöhlerite, låvenite, magnetite, zircon, titanite, britholite, and magnetita, zircão, titanita, britolita e pirocloro. As principais variações pyrochlore. Major compositional variations include Si (25.09– 25.57 composicionais incluem Si (25,09-25,57 apfu), Nb (0,31-0,76 apfu), apfu), Nb (0.31– 0.76 apfu), Fe (1.40–2.13 apfu), and Mn Fe (1,40-2,13 apfu) e Mn (1,36-2,08 apfu). Os EGMs também contêm (1.36– 2.08 apfu). The EGMs also contain relatively high contents concentrações relativamente altas de Ca (6,13-7,10 apfu), enriquecimen- of Ca (6.13– 7.10 apfu), moderate enrichment of rare earth elements to moderado de elementos terras raras (0,38-0,67 apfu) e concentrações (0.38–0.67 apfu), and a relatively low Na content (11.02–12.28 apfu), relativamente baixas de Na (11,02-12,28 apfu), o que pode ser corre- which can be correlated with their transitional agpaitic assemblage.
    [Show full text]
  • Leaching of Rare Earths from Eudialyte Minerals
    Western Australia School of Mines Leaching of Rare Earths from Eudialyte Minerals Hazel Lim This thesis is presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Curtin University June 2019 Abstract Rare earths are critical materials which are valued for their use in advanced and green technology applications. There is currently a preferential demand for heavy rare earths, owing to their significant applications in technological devices. At present, there is a global thrust for supply diversification to reduce dependence on China, the dominant world supplier of these elements. Eudialyte is a minor mineral of zirconium, but it is currently gaining significance as an alternative source of rare earths due to its high content of heavy rare earths. Eudialyte is a complex polymetallic silicate mineral which exists in many chemical and structural variants. These variants can also be texturally classified as large or fine-grained. Huge economic deposits of eudialyte can be found in Russia, Greenland, Canada and Australia. Large-grained eudialyte mineralisations are more common than its counterpart. The conventional method of eudialyte leaching is to use sulfuric acid. In few instances, rare earths are recovered as by-products after the preferential extraction of zirconium . As such, the conditions for the optimal leaching of rare earths, particularly of heavy rare earths from large-grained eudialyte are not known. Also, previous studies on eudialyte leaching were focused only on large-grained eudialyte and thus, there are no known studies on the sulfuric acid leaching of rare earths from finely textured eudialyte. Additionally, the sulfuric acid leaching of eudialyte bears a cost disadvantage owing to the large volume of chemicals needed for leaching and for neutralising effluent acidity on disposal.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Mineral from Poзos De Caldas, Minas Gerais
    Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû Ïåêîâ È. Â., Âèíîãðàäîâà Ð. À., ×óêàíîâ Í. Â., Êóëèêîâà È. Ì. Î ìàãíåçèàëüíûõ è êîáàëüòîâûõ àð- ñåíàòàõ ãðóïï ôàéðôèëäèòà è ðîçåëèòà / ÇÂÌÎ. 2001. ¹ 4. Ñ. 10—23. 4+ Burns P. C., Clark C. M., Gault R. A. Juabite, CaCu10(Te O3)4(AsO4)4(OH)2(H2O)4: crystal structure and revision of the chemical formula / Canad. Miner. 2000a. Vol. 38. P. 823—830. Burns P. C., Pluth J. J., Smith J. V., Eng P., Steele I., Housley R. M. Quetzalcoatlite: A new octahed- ral-tetrahedral structure from a 2 % 2 % 40 ìm3 crystal at the Advances Photon Source-GSE-CARS Facility / Amer. Miner. 2000b. Vol. 85. P. 604—607. 4+ 6+ Frost R. L., Keefe E. C. Raman spectroscopic study of kuranakhite PbMn Te O6 — a rare tellurate mi- neral / J. Raman Spectroscopy. 2009. Vol. 40(3). P. 249—252. Grice J. D., Roberts A. C. Frankhawthorneite, a unique HCP framework structure of a cupric tellurate / Canad. Miner. 1995. Vol. 33. P. 823—830. Lam A. E., Groat L. A., Ercit T. S. The crystal structure of dugganite, Pb3Zn3TeAs2O14 / Canad. Miner. 1998. Vol. 36. P. 823—830. Mandarino J. A. The Gladstone—Dale relationship: Part IV. The compatibility concept and its applicati- on / Canad. Miner. 1981. Vol. 19. P. 441—450. Pekov I. V., Jensen M. C., Roberts A. C., Nikischer A. J. A new mineral from an old locality: eurekadum- pite takes seventeen years to characterize / Mineral News. 2010. Vol. 26(2). P. 1—3. Pertlik F. Der Strukturtyp von Emmonsit, {Fe2(TeO3)3$H2O}$xH2O(x = 0—1) / Tschermaks Miner.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrometallurgical Treatment of A
    www.technology.matthey.com Johnson Matthey’s international journal of research exploring science and technology in industrial applications ************Accepted Manuscript*********** This article is an accepted manuscript It has been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but has not yet been copyedited, house styled, proofread or typeset. The fi nal published version may contain differences as a result of the above procedures It will be published in the January 2019 issue of the Johnson Matthey Technology Review Please visit the website http://www.technology.matthey.com/ for Open Access to the article and the full issue once published Editorial team Manager Dan Carter Editor Sara Coles Senior Information Offi cer Elisabeth Riley Johnson Matthey Technology Review Johnson Matthey Plc Orchard Road Royston SG8 5HE UK Tel +44 (0)1763 253 000 Email [email protected] Stopic_06a_SC ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 22/05/2018 https://doi.org/10.1595/205651318X15270000571362 Hydrometallurgical treatment of a eudialyte concentrate for preparation of rare earth carbonate Yiqian Ma, Srecko Stopic*, Bernd Friedrich IME Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, RWTH Aachen University, Intzestraße 3, 52056 Aachen, Germany Email: [email protected] This study was a small part of the EURARE project concerned with the processing of eudialyte concentrates from Greenland and Norra Kärr, Sweden. Eudialyte is a potential rare earth elements (REE) primary resource due to its good solubility in acid, low radioactivity, and relatively high REE content. The main challenge is avoiding the formation of silica gel, which is non-filterable when using acid to extract REE. Some methods have been studied to address this issue and, based on previous research, this paper examined a complete hydrometallurgical treatment of eudialyte concentrate to the production of REE carbonate as a preliminary product.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Geological Association of Canada Mineralogical
    GEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA 2006 JOINT ANNUAL MEETING MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC FIELD TRIP 4A : GUIDEBOOK MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY OF THE POUDRETTE QUARRY, MONT SAINT-HILAIRE, QUÉBEC by Charles Normand (1) Peter Tarassoff (2) 1. Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Atmosphère, Université du Québec À Montréal, 201, avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8 2. Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 2K6 1 INTRODUCTION The Poudrette quarry located in the East Hill suite of the Mont Saint-Hilaire alkaline complex is one of the world’s most prolific mineral localities, with a species list exceeding 365. No other locality in Canada, and very few in the world have produced as many species. With a current total of 50 type minerals, the quarry has also produced more new species than any other locality in Canada, and accounts for about 25 per cent of all new species discovered in Canada (Horváth 2003). Why has a single a single quarry with a surface area of only 13.5 hectares produced such a mineral diversity? The answer lies in its geology and its multiplicity of mineral environments. INTRODUCTION La carrière Poudrette, localisée dans la suite East Hill du complexe alcalin du Mont Saint-Hilaire, est l’une des localités minéralogiques les plus prolifiques au monde avec plus de 365 espèces identifiées. Nul autre site au Canada, et très peu ailleurs au monde, n’ont livré autant de minéraux différents. Son total de 50 minéraux type à ce jour place non seulement cette carrière au premier rang des sites canadiens pour la découverte de nouvelles espèces, mais représente environ 25% de toutes les nouvelles espèces découvertes au Canada (Horváth 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Ikranite: Composition and Structure of a New Mineral of the Eudialyte Group R
    Crystallography Reports, Vol. 48, No. 5, 2003, pp. 717–720. Translated from Kristallografiya, Vol. 48, No. 5, 2003, pp. 775–778. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2003 by Rastsvetaeva, Chukanov. CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY Dedicated to the 60th Anniversary of the Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ikranite: Composition and Structure of a New Mineral of the Eudialyte Group R. K. Rastsvetaeva* and N. V. Chukanov** * Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, LeninskiÏ pr. 59, Moscow, 119333 Russia e-mail: [email protected] ** Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia Received March 14, 2003 Abstract—The crystal structure of a new mineral, ikranite, of the eudialyte group discovered in the Lovozero massif (the Kola Peninsula) was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals belong to the trigonal system and have the unit-cell parameters a = 14.167(2) Å, c = 30.081(2) Å, V = 5228.5 Å3, sp. gr. R3m. Ikranite is the first purely ring mineral of the eudialyte group (other minerals of this group contain ring platforms of either tetrahedral or mixed types). It is also the first representative of the eudialyte group where Fe3+ prevail over Fe2+ ions. © 2003 MAIK “Nauka/Interperiodica”. A new mineral, ikranite, is named after the Shubni- based on the variations in the chemical composition in kov Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Acad- a number of key positions, among which are both A(1)– emy of Sciences.1 This mineral belongs to the eudialyte A(7) and M(2)–M(4) extraframework positions and family, which includes ring zircono- and titanosilicates some framework positions, such as M(1) and Z.
    [Show full text]
  • New Data on Minerals
    RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FERSMAN MINERALOGICAL MUSEUM volume 43 New Data on Minerals FOUNDED IN 1907 MOSCOW 2008 ISSN 5900395626 New Data on Minerals. Volume 43. Мoscow: Аltum Ltd, 2008. 176 pages, 250 photos, and drawings. Editor: Margarita I. Novgorodova, Doctor in Science, Professor. Publication of Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences – Fersman Mineralogical Museum RAS This volume contains articles on new mineral species and new finds of rare minerals, among them – Nalivkinite, a new mineral of the astrophyllite group; new finds of Dzhalindite, Mo-bearing Stolzite and Greenockite in ores of the Budgaya, Eastern Transbaikalia; new finds of black Powellite in molybdenum-uranium deposit of Southern Kazakhstan. Corundum-bearing Pegmatite from the Khibiny massif and Columbite-Tantalite group minerals of rare- metal tantalum-bearing amazonite-albite granites from Eastern Transbaikalia and Southern Kazakhstan are described. There is also an article on mineralogical and geochemical features of uranium ores from Southeastern Transbaikalia deposits. New data on titanium-rich Biotite and on polymorphs of anhydrous dicalcium orthosilicate are published. “Mineralogical Museums and Collections” section contains articles on collections and exhibits of Fersman Mineralogical Museum RAS: on the collection of mining engineer I.N. Kryzhanovsky; on Faberge Eggs from the funds of this museum (including a describing of symbols on the box with these eggs); on the exhibition devoted to A.E. Fersman’s 125th anniversary and to 80 years of the first edition of his famous book “Amuzing Mineralogy” and the review of Fersman Mineralogical Museum acquisitions in 2006–2008. This section includes also some examples from the history of discovery of national deposits by collection’s specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • The Standardisation of Mineral Group Hierarchies: Application to Recent Nomenclature Proposals
    Eur. J. Mineral. 2009, 21, 1073–1080 Published online October 2009 The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals Stuart J. MILLS1,*, Fred´ eric´ HATERT2,Ernest H. NICKEL3,** and Giovanni FERRARIS4 1 Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification, of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA–CNMNC), Secretary *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Laboratoire de Minéralogie et de Cristallochimie, B-18, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium IMA–CNMNC, Vice-Chairman 3 CSIRO, Private Bag 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia 4 Dipartimento di Scienze Mineralogiche e Petrologiche, Università di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy Abstract: A simplified definition of a mineral group is given on the basis of structural and compositional aspects. Then a hier- archical scheme for group nomenclature and mineral classification is introduced and applied to recent nomenclature proposals. A new procedure has been put in place in order to facilitate the future proposal and naming of new mineral groups within the IMA–CNMNC framework. Key-words: mineral group, supergroup, nomenclature, mineral classification, IMA–CNMNC. Introduction History There are many ways which are in current use to help with From time to time, the issue of how the names of groups the classification of minerals, such as: Dana’s New Miner- have been applied and its consistency has been discussed alogy (Gaines et al., 1997), the Strunz classification (Strunz by both the CNMMN/CNMNC and the Commission on & Nickel, 2001), A Systematic Classification of Minerals Classification of Minerals (CCM)1.
    [Show full text]
  • New Mineral Names*
    American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 399–408, 2009 New Mineral Names* GLENN POIRIER,1 T. SCOTT ERCIT ,1 KIMBERLY T. TAIT ,2 PAULA C. PIILONEN ,1,† AND RALPH ROWE 1 1Mineral Sciences Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada 2Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada ALLORIITE * epidote, magnetite, hematite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and cobaltite. R.K. Rastsvetaeva, A.G. Ivanova, N.V. Chukanov, and I.A. Chloro-potassichastingsite is semi-transparent dark green with a Verin (2007) Crystal structure of alloriite. Dokl. Akad. Nauk, greenish-gray streak and vitreous luster. The mineral is brittle with 415(2), 242–246 (in Russian); Dokl. Earth Sci., 415, 815–819 perfect {110} cleavage and stepped fracture. H = 5, mean VHN20 2 3 (in English). = 839 kg/mm , Dobs = 3.52(1), Dcalc = 3.53 g/cm . Biaxial (–) and strongly pleochroic with α = 1.728(2) (pale orange-yellow), β = Single-crystal X-ray structure refinement of alloriite, a member 1.749(5) (dark blue-green), γ = 1.751(2) (dark green-blue), 2V = of the cancrinite-sodalite group from the Sabatino volcanic complex, 15(5)°, positive sign of elongation, optic-axis dispersion r > v, Latium, Italy, gives a = 12.892(3), c = 21.340(5) Å, space group orientation Y = b, Z ^ c = 11°. Analysis by electron microprobe, wet chemistry (Fe2+:Fe3+) P31c, Raniso = 0.052 [3040 F > 6σ(F), MoKα], empirical formula and the Penfield method (H2O) gave: Na2O 1.07, K2O 3.04, Na18.4K6Ca4.8[(Si6.6Al5.4)4O96][SO4]4.8Cl0.8(CO3)x(H2O)y, crystal- CaO 10.72, MgO 2.91, MnO 0.40, FeO 23.48, Fe2O3 7.80, chemical formula {Si26Al22O96}{(Na3.54Ca0.46) [(H2O)3.54(OH)0.46]} + Al2O3 11.13, SiO2 35.62, TiO2 0.43, F 0.14, Cl 4.68, H2O 0.54, {(Na16.85K6Ca1.15)[(SO4)4(SO3,CO3)2]}{Ca4[(OH)1.6Cl0.4]} (Z = 1).
    [Show full text]