Peabody, Massachusetts and Its Leather Workers, 1933-1973 Lynne Nelson Manion

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Peabody, Massachusetts and Its Leather Workers, 1933-1973 Lynne Nelson Manion The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 2003 Local 21's Quest for a Moral Economy: Peabody, Massachusetts and its Leather Workers, 1933-1973 Lynne Nelson Manion Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Industrial Organization Commons, Labor Economics Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Manion, Lynne Nelson, "Local 21's Quest for a Moral Economy: Peabody, Massachusetts nda its Leather Workers, 1933-1973" (2003). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 186. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/186 This Open-Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. LOCAL 21's QUEST FOR A MORAL ECONOMY: PEABODY, MASSACHUSETTS AND ITS LEATHER WORKERS, 1933-1973 BY Lynne Nelson Manion B.A. Syracuse University, 1988 M.A. University of Maine, 1995 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in History) The Graduate School The University of Maine May, 2003 Advisory Committee: Nathan Godfiied, Professor of History, Co-Advisor Marli F. Weiner, Professor of History, Co-Advisor William Baker, Professor of History Elizabeth McKillen, Associate Professor of History Paula Petrik, Professor of History, George Mason University LOCAL 21's QUEST FOR A MORAL ECONOMY: PEABODY, MASSACHUSETTS AND ITS LEATHER WORKERS, 1933-1973 By Lynne Nelson Manion Thesis Co-Advisors: Dr. Nathan Godfried and Dr. Marli F. Weiner An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in History) May, 2003 The industrial working class began the middle decades of the twentieth century with unlimited hope and possibility but ended them fraught with disillusionment and dismay. This marked a disjointed experience as optimism for the future gave way to disenchantment. With the ratification of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933 and the National Labor Relations Act in 1935, hundreds of thousands of workers across the United States became union members. The euphoria that this initial burst of unionization created, however, could not be sustained throughout the post-World War II years. The Cold War, McCarthyism and later the onset of de-industrialization ushered in new phases in working class history marked by the gradual ineffectiveness of the working class to shape domestic policy. In order to provide better insight on the potential, achievements, and disappointments of the industrial working class in the twentieth century, this study examines a community-based leather worker's union-Local21-in the small New England city of Peabody, Massachusetts, from 1933 to 1973. Eighteen miles northeast of Boston, Peabody was considered the leather capital of the world in 1919 when it employed 8,600 people in 106 tanneries and produced more leather in a year than anywhere else in the world. Because of their importance in the early and mid- twentieth century, Peabody and its leather workers offer an insightful case study for understanding the working class during a transformative period. Growing out of community unrest during the New Deal era, Local 2 1 persevered through the darkest days of the national union movement after World War I1 and remained a community- based union intent on creating a more democratic culture-a culture based on a moral economy stressing the needs of the working class individual over corporate profits. Even though the union's gains did not totally alter the social and industrial landscape of Peabody, for a brief time Peabody leather workers gained a measure of power that allowed them to have a voice in reshaping their workplace and community. DEDICATION To Bradie and Dacie: Though I study the past, you are the future. In Memory of Pauline Comora and Eleanor Ryder: Two women who inspired my sense of curiosity. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Every endeavor in life requires the input and help of others. This work was no exception. Many people offered assistance throughout the research and writing process. Dr. Marli F. Weiner provided encouragement and advice early on when I was debating whether I should pursue a Ph.D. in history. Her support at the outset never wavered throughout the next six years. The attention she gave my dissertation in the final months helped me strengthen my arguments, solidify my thinking, and hone my writing. Dr. Nathan Godfried in his role as graduate coordinator and later as co-chair of my dissertation committee exceeded the job requirements for both of these positions. His dedication and commitment to helping me become a better scholar was instrumental in my finishing this project and my degree. His love of history and desire to promote the interests of the working class inspired my thinking and served as a role model for my work. Dr. Paula Petrik, Dr. William Baker, and Dr. Elizabeth McKillen offered assistance throughout this project. Dr. Petrik instilled in me the necessity of telling a story and making sure the thesis was clearly visible. This advice guided every page of the dissertation. Her belief in my abilities as a historian provided solace at various low points of my graduate career. Dr. William Baker never failed to make me smile whenever things became too stressful. His advice has informed many of the decisions I have made. Prior to joining my committee, Dr. Elizabeth McKillen read earlier drafts of my dissertation and prospectus. The attention she gave to my work was significant. The comments she made on the earlier drafts were helpful and insightful. Her scholarship provided a model to strive for and measure against. Travel support from the University of Maine's Charles J. Dunn Dissertation Research Grant aided the research process. Without the monetary assistance from this grant, I would not have been able to travel throughout the northeast doing research. A research stipend from the University of Maine allowed me to spend one year focused on writing. I am grateful to Bob Quinn, of Picture Business Productions, for providing transcripts from a documentary he did on the leather industry in Peabody, Massachusetts. These transcripts were instrumental in helping me understand the con~munityof Peabody and its leather workers. On a personal level, my parents, Donald and Dorothy Nelson, have offered encouragement, support, and child-care from the beginning of my graduate career. Their willingness to put their own lives on hold and travel eight hours every few months to help me meet the continuing array of deadlines has been incredible. If my mother had not watched my children off and on for the last six years, I would not have been able to finish this work. Her ability to keep my house clean, laundry washed, and refrigerator stocked also provided me with extra time to research and write. My daughters, Bradie and Dacie, collectively and individually have aided this project. Bradie literally has been with me every step of the way in my graduate career. I was pregnant with her when I took my first graduate class as a Master's student, and she has never known a time when her mother was not reading, researching, and writing. As I completed this dissertation, she completed her first large research project-a six-grade, three-month science project. Together we met our deadlines and offered each other support. At times when I wanted to quit, Bradie gave advice and words of wisdom far beyond her eleven years. Dacie was born as I was finishing my Master's degree. She has probably spent more time at Fogler Library than many undergraduates. Dacie's ability to remind me that life exists outside of class assignments and dissertation deadlines has kept me fi-om missing out on the really important things in life: basketball games, flag-football, skiing, walking the dog, and cuddling with a little girl. And lastly, thanks to Will for making this journey exciting and keeping me motivated. TABLE OF CONTENTS .. DEDICATION ..............................................................................................................11 ... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...........................................................................................111 INTRODUCTION: Peabody and Its Leather History ..................................................1 CHAPTER ONE: The Birth of a Union: The NLWA Rises from the Chaos .............22 CHAPTER TWO: Strength and Unity: The Early Days of Local 2 1 .........................73 CHAPTER THREE: Social Equality: A Community of Workers Creates Change .......................................................................................................... -123 CHAPTER FOUR:. The. Repression. of the Postwar Years: Local 2 1's Fight to Retain Solidmty Unionism.......................................................................... 183 CHAPTER FIVE: Epilogue: A Community Responds to a Dying Industry ............232 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................-248 BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR ............................................................................265 INTRODUCTION: Peabody and Its Leather History The history of the working class is the history of people, their problems and their choices, their potential to change social relations, as well as their powerlessness to bring about change. Learning from them does not mean sanctifying
Recommended publications
  • Acacia Nilotica Pods)
    J Biotechnol Biomed 2019; 2 (1): 015-023 DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-9128006 Research Article Innovation an Eco Friendly Technology: Tanning System using Semi Chrome and Improved Indigenous Tannins (Acacia Nilotica Pods) Haj Ali Alim A1*, Gasm elseed GA2, Ahmed AE3 1Department of National Leather Technology Center, Industrial Researcher and Consultant Center, Khartoum, Sudan 2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan 3Department of Chemistry, Sudan University for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan *Corresponding Author: Alim Abd Elgadir Haj Ali, Department of National Leather Technology Center, Industrial Researcher and Consultant Center, Khartoum, Sudan, P.O Box: 5008, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 08 January 2019; Accepted: 16 January 2019; Published: 21 January 2019 Abstract Semi-chrome tanned leathers were obtained using spray dried powder which were carried out using leaching of 70% crushed ‘Garad’ and 30% ‘Neem’ barks mixture to develop the fulfillment of ‘Garad’ tanning power. Tanning system was conducted in industrial research consultancies center, Sudan. Mechanical and physio-chemical analyses of the leather were executed using SLTC. Mechanical properties of the produced leather were compared with traditional tanned leather and the strengths, of tensile, one edge tear and two edges tear, of semi chrome tanned leather were: (200 kg/cm2, 52 and 100 kg/cm) respectively where the distension and strength of grain was (10 mm) and the thermal stability (100°C). The experimental explain that the blending ‘Garad-Neem’ significantly enhanced the quality of tannins powder and tanned leather. Keywords: Leather; Acacia Nilotica; Azadirachta Indica; Pre-tannage; Semi-Chrome Tannage; Mechanical; Physicochemical Properties 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Position and Extent of the Elongation Zone in the Root Tip of the Broad Beanvicia Faba L
    BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM (PRAHA) 8 (6) : 427--430, 1966 Position and Extent of the Elongation Zone in the Root Tip of the Broad Bean Vicia faba L. ALENA ADA_MKOVX and KAREL BENE~ Institute of Experimental Botany, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Praha* Received November 9, 1965 Abstract. It was found by measuring the length of the cortex cells of the root tips of the broad bean Vieia faba L. that the beginning of the elongation zone lies at about 1--2 ram from the initials and its end at about 7--8 mm fl'om the initials. Shrinkage of the object during micro- technical treatment was negligible. The autonomy of the individual tissues of the root tip was taken into account. Introduetion Biochemical investigation of anatomically strictly defined parts of the root tip has become a common method for studying cell growth and tissue differ- antiation (BRow~r and BROADBENT 1951, I~OBINSO~r and BROW~r 1952). The results of the present work should serve as an anatomical basis for a series of papers dealing with the biochemical investigation of growth and differenti- ation processes in the bean root tip. The beginning and end of the elongation zone should be established here. Material and Methods Seeds of the broad bean Vicia faba L. cultivar Chlumeck~ were sterilized for 4 min with 70 % ethanol, washed for 8 h in running tap water and left to swell for 12 h in distilled water at 26 ~ C. The seeds were then placed onto wet paper wool laid on PVC plates with openings so that they lay above the opening.
    [Show full text]
  • Gifts and Commodities (Second Edition)
    GIFTS AND COMMODITIES Hau BOOKS Executive Editor Giovanni da Col Managing Editor Sean M. Dowdy Editorial Board Anne-Christine Taylor Carlos Fausto Danilyn Rutherford Ilana Gershon Jason Throop Joel Robbins Jonathan Parry Michael Lempert Stephan Palmié www.haubooks.com GIFTS AND COMMODITIES (SECOND EditIon) C. A. Gregory Foreword by Marilyn Strathern New Preface by the Author Hau Books Chicago © 2015 by C. A. Gregory and Hau Books. First Edition © 1982 Academic Press, London. All rights reserved. Cover and layout design: Sheehan Moore Typesetting: Prepress Plus (www.prepressplus.in) ISBN: 978-0-9905050-1-3 LCCN: 2014953483 Hau Books Chicago Distribution Center 11030 S. Langley Chicago, IL 60628 www.haubooks.com Hau Books is marketed and distributed by The University of Chicago Press. www.press.uchicago.edu Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. For Judy, Polly, and Melanie. Contents Foreword by Marilyn Strathern xi Preface to the first edition xv Preface to the second edition xix Acknowledgments liii Introduction lv PART ONE: CONCEPTS I. THE COmpETING THEOriES 3 Political economy 3 The theory of commodities 3 The theory of gifts 9 Economics 19 The theory of modern goods 19 The theory of traditional goods 22 II. A framEWORK OF ANALYSIS 25 The general relation of production to consumption, distribution, and exchange 26 Marx and Lévi-Strauss on reproduction 26 A simple illustrative example 30 The definition of particular economies 32 viii GIFTS AND COMMODITIES III.FTS GI AND COMMODITIES: CIRCULATION 39 The direct exchange of things 40 The social status of transactors 40 The social status of objects 41 The spatial aspect of exchange 44 The temporal dimension of exchange 46 Value and rank 46 The motivation of transactors 50 The circulation of things 55 Velocity of circulation 55 Roads of gift-debt 57 Production and destruction 59 The circulation of people 62 Work-commodities 62 Work-gifts 62 Women-gifts 63 Classificatory kinship terms and prices 68 Circulation and distribution 69 IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Cash on the Table 1
    Cash on the Table 1 Introduction Markets and Moralities Edward F. Fischer Moral values inform economic behavior.1 On its face, this is an unas- sailable proposition. Think of the often spiritual appeal of consumer goods or the value-laden stakes of upward or downward mobility. Think about the central role that moral questions regarding poverty, access to health care, the tax code, property and land rights, and corruption play in the shap- ing of modern governments, societies, and social movements. Think of fair trade coffee and organic produce and the thrift expressed in Walmart’s everyday low prices. The moral aspects of the marketplace have never been so contentious or consequential. Despite this relationship, the realm of economics is often treated as a world unto itself, a domain where human behavior is guided not by emo- tions, beliefs, moralities, or the passions that fascinate anthropologists but by the hard calculus of rational choices. The attraction of this Homo eco- nomicus paradigm rests in its parsimony, in the way it translates the chaos of everyday life and human behavior into a metric system complete with mathematical models based on assumptions about self-interest and maxi- mization (see Beckert 2002; Carrier 1997; Fullbrook 2004; Stiglitz 1993). Authors of economics textbooks often liken the workings of markets to nat- ural forces, distancing themselves from the field’s historical roots in phi- losophy and ethics. On issues of value and morality, many economists plead COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL www.sarpress.org 3 Edward F. Fischer agnosticism—it is not a question of good or bad, they say, but rather of effi- cient or inefficient (see Becker 1996; Becker and Becker 1996; Samuelson 1976).
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Download (202184 Bytes)
    EASA Biennial Conference Experiencing Diversity and Mutuality Ljubljana, Slovenia 26-30 August 2008 Ships passing in the night? Interdisciplinarity, East-West relations and commoditization of knowledge in anthropology of post-socialism Kacper Pobłocki Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Central European University, Budapest, Hungary Abstract: Debates on 'native anthropology', 'anthropology with an accent' and so forth have usually focused on colonialism as the main culprit of asymmetric relations between anthropological knowledges. By bringing the recent dispute between Western and 'native' anthropologist of post-socialism into the 'world anthropologies' debate, I seek to highlight those aspects of current epistemic inequalities that are not post-colonial in nature, but result from global commoditization of knowledge. I ponder why Western anthropologists who started visiting Eastern Europe from the 1970s, concluded that 'native' academic knowledge is inferior to their own output. This was not due to a prejudice brought from afar, I argue, but rather was a result of their field experiences. I discuss how three types of native 'captive minds' (communist, nationalist, and neo-liberal) emerged, and how encountering (or learning about) them made Western anthropologist uninterested in (and distrustful of) local epistemic production. I focus on the putative nationalist 'captive mind', and argue that the straw man of East European 'positivist' science (as opposed to the superior 'theory-oriented' Western anthropology) emerged due to recent changes in the political economy of the academia. I show how the 'theoretical turn' was experienced differently in Western and Polish academia, and how these changes, explained by the different regimes of value, show that there has been an increase only in 'ritual' exchange between parochial and metropolitan anthropology rather than meaningful communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Theorem and the Matthew Hfed?
    The Thomas Theorem and The Matthew Hfed? ROBERT K MERI'ON, Cohmbiu University and Russell Sage Foundation Eponymy in science is the practice of affixing the names of scientists to what they have discovered or are believed to have discovered,’ as with Boyle’s Law, Halley’s comet, Fourier’s transform, Planck’s constant, the Rorschach test, the Gini coefficient, and the Thomas theorem This article can be read from various sociological perspectives? Most specifical- ly, it records an epistolary episode in the sociointellectual history of what has ’ The definition of epw includes the cautionary phrase,“or are belkvedto have discovered,” in order to take due note of “Stigkr’s Law of Eponymy” which in its strongest and “simplest form is this: ‘No scientific discovery is named after its original discovereV (Stigler 1980). Stigler’s study of what is generally known as “the normal distribution” or “the Gaussian distribution” as a case in point of his ixonicaBy self-exemplifyingeponymous law is based in part on its eponymous appearance in 80 textbooks of statistics, from 1816 to 1976. 2 As will become evident, this discursive composite of archival dccuments, biography of a sociological idea, and analysis of social mechanisms involved in the diffusion of that idea departs from the tidy format that has come to be p&bed for the scientific paper. This is by design and with the indulgent consent of the editor of SocialForces. But then, that only speaks for a continuing largeness of spirit of its editorial policy which, back in 1934, allowed the ironic phrase “enlightened Boojum of Positivism” (with its allusion to Lewis Carroll’s immortal The Hunting of the &ark) to appear in my very fist article, published in this journal better than 60 Y- ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Theory's Essential Texts
    Conference Information Features • Znaniecki Conference in Poland • The Essential Readings in Theory • Miniconference in San Francisco • Where Can a Student Find Theory? THE ASA July 1998 THEORY SECTION NEWSLETTER Perspectives VOLUME 20, NUMBER 3 From the Chair’s Desk Section Officers How Do We Create Theory? CHAIR By Guillermina Jasso Guillermina Jasso s the spring semester draws to a close, and new scholarly energies are every- where visible, I want to briefly take stock of sociological theory and the CHAIR-ELECT Theory Section. It has been a splendid privilege to watch the selflessness Janet Saltzman Chafetz A and devotion with which section members nurture the growth of sociological theory and its chief institutional steward, the Theory Section. I called on many of you to PAST CHAIR help with section matters, and you kindly took on extra burdens, many of them Donald Levine thankless except, sub specie aeternitatis, insofar as they play a part in advancing socio- logical theory. The Theory Prize Committee, the Shils-Coleman Prize Committee, SECRETARY-TREASURER the Nominations Committee, and the Membership Committee have been active; the Peter Kivisto newsletter editor has kept us informed; the session organizers have assembled an impressive array of speakers and topics. And thus, we can look forward to our COUNCIL meeting in August as a time for intellectual consolidation and intellectual progress. Keith Doubt Gary Alan Fine The section program for the August meetings includes one regular open session, one Stephen Kalberg roundtables session, and the three-session miniconference, entitled “The Methods Michele Lamont of Theoretical Sociology.” Because the papers from the miniconference are likely to Emanuel Schegloff become the heart of a book, I will be especially on the lookout for discussion at the miniconference sessions that could form the basis for additional papers or discus- Steven Seidman sion in the volume.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2019 Newsletter
    Winter 2018 Aboriginal Education SHARING STORIES TO S UPPORT OUR CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES voice kiʔsuk kyukyit – Good afternoon, Ktunaxa territory xastsxlxalt – Good day, nslxcin from Sinixt territory Weyt-kp – Hello, Secwepemc territory Tawnshi - Hello, Michif (Language of the Metis People) Nestled in the mountains with still a light frosting of snow, Aboriginal Education is well underway for the 2018-2019 school year. We are moving forward with the Aboriginal Education department goals of improving literacy and numeracy through land based learning, providing opportunities for students to share their individual stories, and working toward Truth before Reconciliation, deepening relationships with the traditional territories our school district operates on and the Metis Nation. Created by the Aboriginal Education staff last year, we looked at the fire within and our daily work with students, families, and communities. This is such an exciting time in education, in history, and in our personal stories – as we all witness Indigenous ways of knowing blossom! What does blossoming look like in SD8? Whether that is through student pride in sharing a pow wow dance, a personal regalia story, a drum song, a new graphic design, entrance to College, or graduating with dignity and identity, or connecting to community teachings, or finding a sense of belonging in school, the faces of SD8 Aboriginal students, their learning, their successes and their dreams and goals are diverse. Yet, we see the goals of our District Enhancement Agreement flourishing through a variety of student successes, as individual as each of those bright faces. The District Aboriginal Education Advisory Committee and Elders’ Council, for the first time this year, welcomed guests from both the Syilx, Okanagan Nation Alliance, as well as guests from Enderby, from the Secwepemc Nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis-1949-S649l.Pdf (10.18Mb)
    1 LEATHEBS EMPLOYED I ·l THE 'l'EAC I.NG OF LEA'll:iERCRAFT ii LEA'IDERS ff LOYED I THE 'l'E ' C I TG OF LEATHERCRAFT By HARRY LEE ..s -, ITH Bachelor of Science ort.h Texas State Teachers College Denton, Texas 1947 Submitted to the Department of Industrial Arts Education Oklahoma Agx-icultural and echenieal. College In Partial Fulfillment. of the Requirement.a For the Degree of TER OF SCIEJ'"CE 1949 iii 1iies1s .vis · r a · Head, School of Iniust.ria.l Arts Ed.ucation WX1 Engineering Shopwork 236 592 iv AC K.J.~O' LE.DGMEN'rs 'lhe writer expresses hi sincere appreciation to Dr. De itt Hunt,, Head of the Department.. of Iroustrial. Arts Fiiucation and Engineering Shopwork, Ok1ahoma Agricul.tural am · echanical College1 for his helpful assistance and guidance during the preparation and completion of thia study. Appreciation is extentled to nw wife, Eunice Blood mith, for her encouragement and help throughout the preparation of this study. V TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. PRELIMI STATEMENTS ••••••••• • •• • l Purpose oft.he Study ••••••••••••• l '.Ille Importance of the Study ••••••••• 2 Delimit.ations • •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 Def'inition of Terms ............. 3 A Preview of Organization •••••••••• 4 II. HISTORICAL STUDY OF LET.HER • • •• • • •• • • 5 The Raw Material • • • • • ., • • • • • • • • • 5 'Ihe Evolution of Leather ••••••••••• 6 '!he Egyptian Leather • • • • • • • • • • • • • 7 Early .Arabian Leather • • • • • • • • • ••• 7 The Jewish Babylonian Leather •••••••• 8 Gl"ec ian Leatber • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 Roman Leather • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 European Leather of the Middle Ages •••• • 9 Leather of the Far East • • • • • • • • • • • ll American Leather ••••••••••••••• 11 III. PRI CIPAL TYPES OF LEATHERCRAFT TERIALS • • • 14 Alligator • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• .•• 14 Cabretta • • • • • • • • • • .
    [Show full text]
  • General Robert E. Lee (1807-70) and Philanthropist George Peabody (1795-1869) at White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, July 23-Aug
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 444 917 SO 031 912 AUTHOR Parker, Franklin; Parker, Betty J. TITLE General Robert E. Lee (1807-70) and Philanthropist George Peabody (1795-1869) at White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, July 23-Aug. 30, 1869. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 33p. PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Civil War (United States); *Donors; *Meetings; *Private Financial Support; *Public History; Recognition (Achievement); *Reconstruction Era IDENTIFIERS Biodata; Lee (Robert E); *Peabody (George) ABSTRACT This paper discusses the chance meeting at White Sulphur Springs (West Virginia) of two important public figures, Robert E. Lee and George Peabody, whose rare encounter marked a symbolic turn from Civil War bitterness toward reconciliation and the lifting power of education. The paper presents an overview of Lee's life and professional and military career followed by an overview of Peabody's life and career as a banker, an educational philanthropist, and one who endowed seven Peabody Institute libraries. Both men were in ill health when they visited the Greenbrier Hotel in the summer of 1869, but Peabody had not long to live and spent his time confined to a cottage where he received many visitors. Peabody received a resolution of praise from southern dignitaries which read, in part: "On behalf of the southern people we tender thanks to Mr. Peabody for his aid to the cause of education...and hail him benefactor." A photograph survives that shows Lee, Peabody, and William Wilson Corcoran sitting together at the Greenbrier. Reporting that Lee's own illness kept him from attending Peabody's funeral, the paper describes the impressive and prolonged international services in 1870.
    [Show full text]
  • Alden Shoe Company
    Est. 1884 Alden Shoe Company 1 Taunton Street Middleborough, MA 02346 508-947-3926 Fax 508-947-7753 www.AldenShoe.com The Alden Shoe Company has manufactured quality shoes for men since 1884. With over 130 years of unwavering dedication to the highest standards of shoe-making, we proudly offer our collection of American handcrafted footwear. Not redone yearly at the drawing board, but reaffirmed continuously in the shop, heavy with the scent of rich leathers carefully worked to offer the best. The original tassel moccasin. Often copied... never equalled. Tassel Moccasins Shell Cordovan Calfskin Suede Q 563 Color 8 Cordovan 561 Dark Brown Calfskin 666 Mocha Kid Suede 664 Black Cordovan 660 Black Calfskin Q 3403 Snuff Suede Q 662 Burnished Tan Calfskin Aberdeen Last 663 Burgundy Calfskin Aberdeen Last Single oak leather outsoles Single oak leather outsoles Aberdeen Last C 8-13 Single oak B 8-13 D 6-13 leather outsoles Additional sizes C 7-13 E 6-13 for 660: D 6-13 B 8-13 AA 8 1/2-14 E 6-13 C 7-13 A 8 1/2-14 EEE 6-12 D 6-13 B 14, 15 E 6-13 C 14, 15 EEE 6-12 D 14, 15 E 14 EE 6-13 EEE 13 EEEE 7-12 3 Using the centuries-old method of pure vegetable tanning and hand finishing, the single tannery still producing genuine shell cordovan today is indeed practicing a rare art. The tanning process takes a full six months to complete and produces leather that is soft and supple, yet very durable..
    [Show full text]
  • Shoe and Leather Encyclopedia;
    TS 945 .S35 - Copy 1 Shoe "d Leather Encyclopedia ISSUED BY THE SHOE AND LEATHER GAZETTE SAINT LOUIS Shoes of Quality As a business man you know that a factory with a large output can produce an article of manufacture at less cost than can a factory with a small output. Therein lies the explanation of the unusual quality in American Lady and American Gentleman Shoes. They are made by the largest makers of shoes in the world. Their enormous purchases insure the best quality of materials at the lowest price. They get the best workmen—can employ the best designers—their selling expense must be less per shoe. All of this result in but one thing—the best shoes for the money. You get the benefit. The H B Idea "KEEP THE QUALITY UP " St. Louis m&k r Jb MB Boston Shoexo- TRADE MARK All Leather Shoes In all lines of shoes for men, women and children, the "All Leather" line brings the best results for the merchant :: :: Senate and Atlantic SHOES FOR MEN Pacific and Swell SHOES FOR WOMEN Red Goose School Shoes FOR BOYS AND GIRLS CATALOG ON REQUEST Friedman-Shelby Shoe Co. 1625 Washington Ave. - - ST. LOUIS COPYRIGHT 1911 TRADESMEN'S PUBLISHING CO. ©CI.A292164 SHOE and LEATHER ENCYCLOPEDIA A Book of Practical and Expert Testimony by Successful Merchants Each A rticle a Chapter Each Chapter a Single and Separate Subject PUBLISHED BY THE SHOE AND LEATHER GAZETTE SAINT LOUIS - ' ..-— - " " mm i n i ~ T The Nine O'Clock^ School Shoe Dealer is IS A Public Benefactor As He Aids in the Distribution of Free Flags to Schools Read all about this fascinating trade attraction in our special "Nine O'clock" Catalog.
    [Show full text]