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BASELINE REPORT India BASELINE REPORT India of the UNEP-GEF Project entitled; “Conservation and sustainable use of cultivated and wild tropical fruit diversity: promoting sustainable livelihoods, food security and ecosystem services” February 2014 TM Gajanana, Hugo A. H. Lamers, Shalendra Rajan, Awtar Singh, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Indrapal Singh, Vasudeva Ramesh, Narasimha Hegde, MR Dinesh, V Dakshinamoorthy Citation: Gajanana, TM, Lamers, HAH, Rajan S., Singh A., Singh SK, Singh I, Vasudeva R, Hedge N, Dinesh MR, Dakshinamoorthy V (2014) Baseline report India for the UNEP-GEF Project entitled: conservation and sustainable use of cultivated and wild tropical fruit diversity: promoting sustainable livelihoods, food security and ecosystem services. Copyright 2014 Bioversity International College of Forestry, University of Dharwad (CoF) Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Acknowledgement This baseline report is a joint endeavour of Bioversity International together with Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (IIHR), Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture (CISH), National Research Centre for Citrus (NRCC), National Research Centre for Litchy (NRCL) and the College of Forestry (CoF) of the University of Agricultural Sciences in Dharwad, Lifetrust and Ecowatch. The following staff contributed in designing the impact framework, formulating impact indicators and research questions, developing the group exercises and baseline questionnaire, conducting the focus group discussions and interviews, data entry, data cleaning, data analysis and writing the final report: National level: TM Gajanana, Hugo AH Lamers, Froukje Kruijssen, Maya Subedi, Sudha Mysore, Elena Borasino, Wouter van Os. Malihabad team: Shalendra Rajan, Barsathi Lal, Ramkishore, Surendra Kumar Rawat, Shadab Ahmed (CISH) Pusa team: Awtar Singh, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Kannaiah Kumar (NRCL) Amravati team: Indrapal Singh, Nilesh Kalambe, Deepak Shirole, Vijay Ande, Madura Makhe Rajender Karle, R.P. Jichkar (NRCC) Sirsi team: Vasudeva Ramesh, Sreekanth Gunaga, Narasimha Hedge, MB Naik, Srinivas, Ganapathy, Manjunath, Deepa (CoF and Lifetrust) Chittoor team: MR Dinesh, V Dakshinamoorthy, Hari Ram, Gopi, Rajani Kumar, Bhuvaneshwari (IIHR) We thank UNEP/GEF and the Indian Government for making the funds available to accomplish this work. Foremost we would like to thanks all the farm household members, over 1.000 men and women that have dedicated their valuable time to provide us with their knowledge and information regarding their fruit trees, livelihoods and farm management system. Without their time, help and collaboration this baseline study would not have been possible. Acronyms: GEF : Global Environmental Facility UNEP : United Nations Environment Program BI : Bioversity International ICAR : Indian council of Agricultural research ICHORD : Indonesian Centre for Horticultural Research and Development MARDI : Malaysian Agricultural and Rural Development Institute DoA : Department of Agriculture TFTGR : Tropical Fruit Tree Genetic Resources project IIHR : Indian Institute of Horticulture Research CISH : Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture NRCC : National Research Centre of Citrus NRCL : National Research Centre of Litchy CoF : College of Forestry (University of Agriculture Science, Dharwad) FGD : Focus Group Discussions FCA : Four Cell Analysis CBM : Community Biodiversity Management DIVA-GIS : Free computer program for mapping and geographic data analysis HH : Household Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 General project focus and objectives ................................................................... 7 1.2 Introduction of target species ............................................................................... 7 1.3 Site selection methodology and results ................................................................ 8 1.4 CBM approach; activities and planned interventions .......................................... 9 2. Objectives of the impact assessment and baseline study ......................................... 10 2.1 Specific objectives of the baseline study ........................................................... 10 2.2 Project impact framework, rationale and indicators .......................................... 11 2.3 Major research questions ................................................................................... 12 3. Implementation structure & methodologies ............................................................. 12 3.1 Empirical research set-up ................................................................................... 12 3.2 Data collection methods ..................................................................................... 13 3.3 Sample selection ................................................................................................ 13 3.4 Justification of major variables used .................................................................. 14 3.5 Data management, cleaning & analysis ............................................................. 14 4. Diversity assessment ................................................................................................ 16 4.1 Description of project sites ................................................................................ 16 4.1.1 Malihabad ................................................................................................... 16 4.1.2 Pusa ............................................................................................................. 16 4.1.3 Amravati ..................................................................................................... 17 4.1.4 Sirsi ............................................................................................................. 18 4.1.5 Chittoor ....................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Diversity available per site ................................................................................. 20 4.2.1 Malihabad ................................................................................................... 20 4.2.2 Pusa ............................................................................................................. 25 4.2.3 Amravati ..................................................................................................... 32 4.2.4 Sirsi ............................................................................................................. 35 4.2.5 Chittoor ....................................................................................................... 44 5. Socio-economic assessment ..................................................................................... 48 5.1 Household characteristics .................................................................................. 48 5.1.1 Amravati ..................................................................................................... 48 5.1.2 Malihabad ................................................................................................... 48 5.1.3 Pusa ............................................................................................................. 49 5.1.4 Sirsi ............................................................................................................. 50 5.1.5 Chittoor ....................................................................................................... 50 5.2 Farm system and practises ................................................................................. 51 5.2.1 Amravati ..................................................................................................... 51 5.2.2 Malihabad ................................................................................................... 51 5.2.3 Pusa ............................................................................................................. 52 5.2.4 Sirsi ............................................................................................................. 53 5.2.5 Chittoor ....................................................................................................... 53 5.3 Welfare and income level .................................................................................. 54 5.3.1 Amravati ..................................................................................................... 54 5.3.2 Malihabad ................................................................................................... 55 5.3.3 Pusa ............................................................................................................. 56 5.3.4 Sirsi ............................................................................................................. 58 5.3.5 Chittoor ....................................................................................................... 59 5.4 Knowledge and opinions related to agricultural biodiversity ............................ 60 5.4.1 Amravati ..................................................................................................... 60 5.4.2 Malihabad ................................................................................................... 61 5.4.3 Pusa ............................................................................................................. 62 5.4.4 Sirsi ............................................................................................................
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