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Islam Beliefs and Practices

Self evaluation: Before you start this unit, tick the box you think is most relevant to you:

I don’t much anything about yet I know a little about Islam I know a about Islam

Lesson 1: Qualities of LO: To describe qualities of Allah and explain why they are important to Qualities of Allah

Everyday Muslims hear and say the words ‘Allahu Akbar’, which means ‘ is the greatest’. Muslims, like Christians, are monotheistic, which means they only believe in one God. Muslims believe that God, or Allah, is so great he is beyond human understanding, and greater than anything humans can imagine. In Islam, there are 99 in the Qur’an (the holy book of Islam) and (sayings of the Prophet ), which can help a Muslim to understand something of God’s nature. Each name describes a quality that God has revealed about himself.

In the table below, read the different qualities and draw an emoji or symbol to help you remember the quality. The first one has been done for you.

Symbol/Emoji Key term Definition Omnipotent All powerful

Immanent The idea God is present and involved with life on earth and in the universe

Transcendent The idea God is beyond and outside life on earth and the universe

Omnibenevolent All loving and all kind

Merciful Shows compassion or to humans

Fairness The idea that God treats people fairly and impartially without favour or discrimination

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Many Muslims memorise the names of God and recite them when they are praying privately. Each name can help them feel God’s presence. Lesson 2: Prophet Muhammad

LO: To examine the timeline of key events in the life of Prophet Muhammad

Muslims believe that Allah (God) revealed himself to people through prophets, for example the Prophet Muhammad, and the holy books (such as the Qur’an). Prophets are humans specially chosen by Allah to tell people how they should live and behave. Muslims believe there have been 124,000 prophets and the last one was the Prophet Muhammad.

The Life of Prophet Muhammad

Watch: https://www.truetube.co.uk/film/how-islam-began-ten-minutes

Answer the following questions from watching the video:

1. Where was Muhammad born?

2. What was Makkah like to grow up in?

3. Which God did Muhammad believe in?

4. What was the Night of Power?

5. What was Muhammad?

6. What does Islam mean?

7. What does Muslim mean?

8. What is the Night Journey?

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Below read all about the Prophet Muhammad’s life. D

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Read all the text about Muhammad’s life.

Muhammad was born in Makkah in about 570CE. He was poor because both of his parents had died by the time he was 6. He went to live with his uncle who was a trader and eventually became a trader too. Muhammad became known as a reliable man. When he was 25, he married his employer; a rich 40 year old widow called Khadija. He could have led a very easy life but he was upset with conditions in Makkah. He hated the way that women & the poor were treated badly, plus drunkenness and gambling. Also some people worshipped idols. Muhammad was very thoughtful and would often spend nights in . One night he was praying in a cave when he heard an angel. This was the angel Jibril. This is known as the Night of Power. The angel told Muhammad to recite something. Muhammad could not read but the angel said that he was Allah’s messenger. These words became the words of the . For the next 12 years Muhammad began to preach about the word of Allah. He said that Allah was the only one God, and live a purer life. Muhammad said Allah was the creator and he would one day judge them. Some people believed Muhammad, but many said he was either lying or mad. But he never gave up. After many battles, Muhammad returned in 630 CE to Makkah and set up the Ka’aba as the centre of for Allah. It is still a very important town and all Muslims try to visit it at least once in their lifetime. Using the information above, plot the key moments of Muhammad’s life onto the timeline below

570 CE 635 CE

Muhammad is Muhammad born 4 dies

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Muhammad’s Importance

Belief in prophets is a key for Muslims. Muslims believe that Allah sent 124,000 prophets in all, starting with Adam. Other prophets include Noah, , and, of course, Muhammad.

Muhammad was the last of the prophets – called the ‘Seal of the Prophets’. Allah told Muhammad that no more prophets or books would be sent to humans, so people needed to listen to Muhammad’s warnings and guidance. The he founded – Islam- has kept to the words of the Qur’an, because it is the word of God (Allah). Since Muhammad was the one to receive and explain these words of God, and since the Qur’an remains unchanged, Muhammad must be the most important prophet.

Muhammad is also very significant to Muslims since he is a role model because he set the perfect example. He was a perfect Muslim because: of the way he lived his life; he was a true family man; and a very good leader in both religious and non-religious matters. What Muhammad said and did helps Muslims know how to live as good Muslims but also keep the .

Answer the following questions in full sentences, using the text above.

1) What is a key belief for Muslims?

2) Which religion did Muhammad found?

3) Provide three why Muhammad is so significant to Muslims

QUICK! LEARNING QUIZ!

1) Name three qualities of God 1))

2) How many names does Allah have?

3) Why are the names of Allah important to Muslims?

4) What is a prophet?

5) Why is Muhammad important?

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Complete the word search

I M T R L H M P C K F O I P Q

H S X R T A R I A O M K M R U

F V L I A O E A L N Z T M O R

P P D A P N B S I S L Y A P A

I A S H M A S P Y U U K N H N

H D E G X Z O C F X K M E E G

T T O B Q T S I E P H H N T D

E G T N E I C S I N M O T H A

U X W N Y R D W N Z D I J O M

Q V T V E C I T S U J E T O M

S P X M F A I R N E S S N D A

O M N I B E N E V O L E N T H

M M H R M A K K A H A L L A U

Z P E Q K L O W U L K I P Q M

L R Q T O Y E I L A E X F C O

ALLAH FAIRNESS HADITH IMMANENT ISLAM JUSTICE MAKKAH MERCIFUL MUHAMMAD MUSLIM OMNIBENEVOLENT OMNIPOTENT OMNISCIENT PROPHET PROPHETHOOD QURAN SEAL TRANSCENDENT

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The Qur’an Lesson 3: The Qur’an

LO: To explain why the Quran is important to Muslims.

The Qur’an is believed to be the literal word of God, which was revealed to Prophet Muhammad by the Angel .

“The of The Book is from Allah, the Mighty, the Wise.” Qur’an 39:1

The Qur’an is considered to be guidance for mankind and provides the distinction between right and wrong. It provides direction and guidance to help God’s creation to judge and choose between right and wrong. The Qur’an is the final scripture revealed by Allah. Anyone who handles or touches the Qur’an has to follow certain rules. They must be clean and wash in special ways called ablutions.

Watch: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/zbjqhyc

Answer the following questions from watching the video:

1) What is the Qur’an?

2) What is the word for God?

3) What is a follower of Islam called?

4) Which language is the Qur’an in?

5) What is the main teaching of the Qur’an?

6) In the Qur’an, what does Allah tell Muslims?

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The message of the Qur’an

The Qur’an has five key messages: 1. Allah is good and powerful 2. There will be a Judgement Day at the end of time 3. We have to Allah because of his goodness and power worship 4. We should be generous to others, because Allah is generous to us

5. Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah and tells us how to live in the way Allah told us to in the Qur’an Other holy books in Islam

As the Qur’an is difficult to understand, Prophet Muhammad’s sayings and actions were also recorded in the and Hadith. These help Muslims to understand how to do what God tells them they must do in the Qur’an. So for example, the Qur’an demands Muslims pray five times a day, but it is the Sunnah and that tell them what to do when they pray.

“The guidance given in the Qur’an is what makes it the most important book for Muslims”

Answer this question. Success criteria:  Introduction which explains key words e.g. Qur’an and Muslims  Balanced point of view: agree and disagree  Quotes and key words  Conclusion Starter sentences: • The Qur’an is… • Many Muslims would agree that is the most important book for Muslims because… • However, other Muslims would argue that the Hadith and the Sunnah are also significant because.. • In conclusion,

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The Five Pillars of Islam Lesson 4: The Five Pillars of Islam LO: To describe the five pillars of Islam and explain why they are important to

Muslims.

The Five Pillars of Islam are five duties for all Muslims. They are central to Muslims practices, and they have great impact on daily life. Muslims believe that they support the main principles and beliefs of Islam, just as pillars are used to support a building. They can be seen as the key to living a perfect Muslim life.

Read the text below and fill in the gaps using the word bank. 1. Shahadah The Shahadah is the statement that sums up what all ______believe. It says: “There is no God but Allah and Muhmmad is the Prophet of Allah.” The Shahadah runs throughout a Muslim’s life. They are the first words whispered into the ear of a new born ______. The Shahadah forms part of the (call to prayer), which is said five times a day. The words are repeated as a person dies or said for someone as they die.

The words of the Shahadah are the first of the ______Pillars. This is arguably the most important Pillar of Islam. If you did not believe this you would not be a Muslim and therefore none of the other ______would matter to you.

Word bank: baby Five 9 Muslims Pillars

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The Shahadah connects to the Muslim concept of tawhid. Tawhid is a belief which is the basis of the religion of Islam. It means the ‘oneness of God’. This concept of Tawhid makes Islam a monotheistic religion. The Arabic word for God, ‘Allah’, means ‘the God’, that is the one and only God’. The belief of tawhid is repeatedly daily in the Shahadah. A Muslim’s most important duty is to declare in the one God. Using the above, answer the following questions

1. What is tawhid?

2. How are tawhid and Shahadah connected?

3. Does a Muslim think about the concept of tawhid on a daily basis? If so how?

Lesson 5:

LO: To explain why Salah is important to Muslims.

2. Salah: Prayer Salah is prayer, five times a day.

Prayer involves a set of movements, called ra’akah. The most important movement or position is kneeling on the floor with the forehead touching the floor. This shows total submission to Allah, showing Muslims believe Allah to be greater than anything else. Salah is important because it teaches many different things:

• Discipline (must meet the correct prayer times and always be facing Makkah); • Humility (Allah is the most important figure in life); • Brings a Muslim’s thoughts regularly back to Allah throughout the day. Using the above, answer the following questions

1. How many times a day should a Muslim pray?

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2. What are the set of movements involved in prayer called? Why are they important?

3. What three things does salah teach Muslims? Lesson 6: Sawm and Eid LO: To explain how Muslims observe Sawm and explain how Muslims celebrate

Eid

3.Sawm Muslims are expected to fast during the month of Ramadan. During Ramadan, Muslims do not eat or drink during daylight hours.

Islam states that certain people are exempt such as those who are too ill to fast. This is because Islam is not a religion that makes impossible or unfair demands on people. Ramadan is a very important month in the because they believe it was during Ramadan the Qur’an was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Another why sawm is important to Muslims is because it allows you to show appreciation for what God has given you and to consider those who are less fortunate.

The festival at the end of Ramadan is called Eid-ul-Fitr.

Now research Eid-ul-Fitr and answer the following question;

Use this website if possible: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z4cmkmn

How do Muslims celebrate Eid-ul Fitr?

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Lesson 7: and LO: To explain how Muslims observe Sawm and explain how Muslims celebrate

Eid.

4.Zakah Zakah is giving to charity from your own money. It is a duty for all Muslims. Zakah should be given anonymously (no name) so there is no pride in giving – people shouldn’t give to look good. Only Allah knows how much someone gives. In Islam all wealth is a gift from Allah. Humans only have wealth from Allah and they should look after it and will be judged on how they used it. For a Muslim, paying Zakah once a year at 2.5% of money they have left after paying for all their needs and bills follows Qur’anic teaching to think of others and share Allah’s wealth.

Using the above, answer the following questions

1) What is zakah?

2) How much zakah should a Muslim give?

3) Why should Muslims give zakah?

5.Hajj This is the Muslim pilgrimage (religious journey) to Makkah. It must be done once in a lifetime if a Muslim is physically able and can afford it. By making this special journey, a Muslim comes closer to Allah. Hajj allows Muslims to remember the sacrifice the prophet Ibrahim was prepared to make (Allah asked him to sacrifice his only son).

Muslims go to Makkah because this is Islam’s most holy city which contains the Ka’aba (a pure place of worship) and is a very significant city in the Prophet Muhammad’s story.

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Watch this video about hajj: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7q_LcqbvKI

Complete this fact file using this website: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zcrkxnb/revision/1

What is hajj? Where is Makkah? What are conditions like for hajj?

The stages of hajj

Ihram: Ka’aba Safa and Marwah

Mina: Muzdalifah: Eid-ul-Adha

Nature and importance of importance of hajj

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Learning quiz! 1. What is the Qur’an?

2. Explain 3 messages of the Qur’an

3. Why are the Sunnah and Hadith important as well?

4. Name the Five Pillars of Islam

5. What is the Shahadah?

6. What is tawhid?

7. How many times a day should a Muslim pray?

8. Which direction should a Muslim always pray towards?

9. What is adhan?

10. What is the month of fasting called?

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11. What is the festival called at the end of the month of fasting?

12. Name 3 ways a Muslims celebrates this festival

13. What is zakah?

14. How much should a Muslim give in zakah?

15. What is hajj?

16. Describe 4 of the steps of hajj

17. What is Eid-ul-adha?

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“The Five Pillars are far more significant to Muslims than the Qur’an”

Evaluate this statement.

Success criteria:  Introduction which explains key words e.g. Five Pillars, Qur’an and Muslims  Balanced point of view: agree and disagree  Quotes and key words  Conclusion

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Glossary Write in the definition for the following key words

Islam

Qur’an

Allah

Hadith

Sunnah

Adhan

Makkah/

Revelation

Prophet

Prophet Muhammad

Muslim

Salah

Sawm

Hajj

Zakah

Shahadah

Tawhid

Ramadan

Eid-ul-Fitr

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Eid-ul-Adha

Mosque

Ihram

Omnibenevolent

Omnipotent

Omniscient

Merciful

Justice/Adalat

Ka’aba

Self evaluation: Now you have finished this unit, tick the box you think is most relevant to you:

I still don’t feel confident in my knowledge about Islam

Now, I know quite a lot about Islam

Now, I feel very confident in my knowledge about Islam

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