Reading Beyond the Folder: Classroom Portfolio Assessment As
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READING BEYOND THE FOLDER: CLASSROOM PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT AS A LITERACY EVENT A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Curt M. Greve August 2016 Dissertation written by Curt M. Greve B.A., Kent State University, 2006 M.A., University of Dayton, 2011 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2016 Approved by Brian Huot, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Pamela Takayoshi, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Derek Van Ittersum, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Sandra Murphy, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Christopher Was, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Accepted by Robert W. Trogdon, Chair, English Department James L. Blank, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii Table of Contents List of Figures ..................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ....................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... viii Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoretical Background ......................................... 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review ............................................................................. 34 Chapter 3: Methods ........................................................................................... 81 Chapter 4: Results and Analysis ..................................................................... 134 Chapter 5: Conclusion: ................................................................................... 212 Appendix A: Edited Collections on Portfolios ................................................ 230 Appendix B: Rodney’s Portfolio Fact Sheet .................................................... 231 Appendix C: Recruitment Script for Portfolio Survey ................................... 232 Appendix D: Portfolio Survey Consent Form ................................................ 233 Appendix E: Classroom Portfolio Assessment Survey ................................... 235 Appendix F: Recruitment Script for Interviews .............................................. 241 Appendix G: Field Note Consent Form ........................................................... 243 Appendix H: Document Collection Consent Form ......................................... 244 Appendix I: Classroom Observation Consent Form ........................................ 245 References ........................................................................................................ 247 iii List of Figures Figure 1. Portfolio Publications from 1985-2011 .............................................. 26 Figure 2. Chart of Codes from Edited collections on portfolios in Press from 1978- 1999 ................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 3. College/University Demographics ..................................................... 84 Figure 4. Participant Position in the Departments Demographics ..................... 84 Figure 5. Participants Degrees Held Demographics .......................................... 84 Figure 6. Word Cloud Generated from Initial Coding .................................... 114 iv List of Tables Table 1. Francis’s Portfolio Description ............................................................ 95 Table 2. % of Rodney’s Classes Observed ........................................................ 97 Table 3. % of Francis’s Classes Observed ......................................................... 97 Table 4. Interview Time Table ......................................................................... 107 Table 5. Sample Coding Sheet ......................................................................... 112 Table 6. Sample of Initial Coding .................................................................... 114 Table 7. Interview Excel Cell Counts .............................................................. 116 Table 8. TAW-G Examples ............................................................................. 119 Table 9. TAW-S Examples .............................................................................. 120 Table 10. TAC Examples ................................................................................. 120 Table 11. TAP Examples ................................................................................. 121 Table 12. PE Examples .................................................................................... 122 Table 13. TE Examples .................................................................................... 123 Table 14. ST Examples .................................................................................... 124 Table 15. WT Examples................................................................................... 125 Table 16. TO Examples ................................................................................... 126 Table 17. INT Examples .................................................................................. 127 Table 18. RC Examples ................................................................................... 128 v Table 19. RUC Examples ................................................................................ 128 Table 20. RAD Examples ................................................................................ 129 Table 21. VR Examples ................................................................................... 130 Table 22. GT Examples ................................................................................... 130 Table 23. SA Examples .................................................................................... 131 Table 24. MINB Examples .............................................................................. 132 Table 25. TIM Examples ................................................................................. 132 Table 25. Students with Previous Portfolio Experience .................................. 138 Table 26. Students Who Had Been in Graded/Not Graded Portfolio Classes . 141 Table 27. Coding Key with Abbreviations and Small Descriptions ................ 145 Table 28. Interview Turns talking Totals ......................................................... 146 Table 29. Tally of Occurrences of Codes in Participants Interviews .............. 147 Table 30. Percentage of Nature of the Discourse Comments .......................... 148 Table 31. Examples of Student’s Reactions to “New” Kinds of Response in the Classes .............................................................................................................. 149 Table 32. % Frequency of Codes for Content of Discourse ............................ 151 Table 33. Increases/Decreases in Categories from students who participated in multiple interviews ........................................................................................... 153 Table 34. Increases/Decreases in Nature of the Discourse Categories ............ 156 vi Table 35. Breakdown of Anna’s Increase/Decrease Categories for Content of Discourse ......................................................................................................... 162 Table 36. Breakdown of Chloe’s Increase/Decrease Categories for Content of Discourse .......................................................................................................... 167 Table 37. Breakdown of Will’s Increase/Decrease Categories for Content of Discourse .......................................................................................................... 175 Table 38. Breakdown of Kara’s Increase/Decrease Categories for Content of Discourse .......................................................................................................... 182 Table 39. Breakdown of Holden’s Increase/Decrease Categories for Content of Discourse .......................................................................................................... 187 Table 40. Breakdown of Ryan’s Increase/Decrease Categories for Content of Discourse .......................................................................................................... 194 vii Acknowledgements First, I want to thank Brian Huot, who has played many important roles in my professional development first as my teacher and mentor and later as a friend. Without your summer course in 2005, I would not be where I am today. Your summer course altered my ideas of teaching and learning. Over the years you have kindled my curiosity in assessment and learning. You inspired ideas in this dissertation; the ugly sentences are my own. To Pam, you always made me feel like a scholar who had important things to contribute to the field. You saw good in my projects and pushed me to explore those ideas. To Derek, your feedback in R&I was so in-depth that it made me feel inadequate in my own response practices. You also helped me to worry less about sharing my ideas. To Sandy, who was my portfolio hero long before I was able to fully articulate my idea of a portfolio or how powerful they were. Your input on this dissertation has gone beyond my expectations. To my friend Bill, you helped me get through the difficult times of graduate school and helped me think about my work in different ways. Meeting for our own dissertation boot camp kept me focused and motivated. My friends, the assessment nerds, Bill, Elliot, Nikki,