Intraoperative Mapping of the Cortical Areas Involved in Multiplication And
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The Neural Correlates of Visual Imagery: a Co-Ordinate-Based Meta-Analysis
cortex 105 (2018) 4e25 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cortex Special issue: Research report The neural correlates of visual imagery: A co-ordinate-based meta-analysis * Crawford I.P. Winlove a, , Fraser Milton b, Jake Ranson c, Jon Fulford a, Matthew MacKisack a, Fiona Macpherson d and Adam Zeman a a Medical School, University of Exeter, UK b School of Psychology, University of Exeter, UK c St George's Medical School, London, UK d Department of Philosophy, University of Glasgow, UK article info abstract Article history: Visual imagery is a form of sensory imagination, involving subjective experiences typi- Received 4 August 2017 cally described as similar to perception, but which occur in the absence of corresponding Reviewed 2 October 2017 external stimuli. We used the Activation Likelihood Estimation algorithm (ALE) to iden- Revised 11 December 2017 tify regions consistently activated by visual imagery across 40 neuroimaging studies, the Accepted 18 December 2017 first such meta-analysis. We also employed a recently developed multi-modal parcella- Published online 2 January 2018 tion of the human brain to attribute stereotactic co-ordinates to one of 180 anatomical regions, the first time this approach has been combined with the ALE algorithm. We Keywords: identified a total 634 foci, based on measurements from 464 participants. Our overall fMRI comparison identified activation in the superior parietal lobule, particularly in the left Neuroimaging hemisphere, consistent with the proposed ‘top-down’ role for this brain region in im- Imagery agery. Inferior premotor areas and the inferior frontal sulcus were reliably activated, a Imagination finding consistent with the prominent semantic demands made by many visual imagery ALE tasks. -
Prefrontal and Posterior Parietal Contributions to the Perceptual Awareness of Touch M
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Prefrontal and posterior parietal contributions to the perceptual awareness of touch M. Rullmann1,2,5, S. Preusser1,5 & B. Pleger1,3,4* Which brain regions contribute to the perceptual awareness of touch remains largely unclear. We collected structural magnetic resonance imaging scans and neurological examination reports of 70 patients with brain injuries or stroke in S1 extending into adjacent parietal, temporal or pre-/frontal regions. We applied voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping to identify brain areas that overlap with an impaired touch perception (i.e., hypoesthesia). As expected, patients with hypoesthesia (n = 43) presented lesions in all Brodmann areas in S1 on postcentral gyrus (BA 1, 2, 3a, 3b). At the anterior border to BA 3b, we additionally identifed motor area BA 4p in association with hypoesthesia, as well as further ventrally the ventral premotor cortex (BA 6, BA 44), assumed to be involved in whole-body perception. At the posterior border to S1, we found hypoesthesia associated efects in attention-related areas such as the inferior parietal lobe and intraparietal sulcus. Downstream to S1, we replicated previously reported lesion-hypoesthesia associations in the parietal operculum and insular cortex (i.e., ventral pathway of somatosensory processing). The present fndings extend this pathway from S1 to the insular cortex by prefrontal and posterior parietal areas involved in multisensory integration and attention processes. Te primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in monkeys can be divided into four Brodmann areas: (BA) 1, 2, 3a, and 3b. Each BA consists of a somatotopically organized map that subserves distinct somatosensory functions1–3. -
Visual Topography of Human Intraparietal Sulcus
5326 • The Journal of Neuroscience, May 16, 2007 • 27(20):5326–5337 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Visual Topography of Human Intraparietal Sulcus Jascha D. Swisher,1 Mark A. Halko,1 Lotfi B. Merabet,1,2 Stephanie A. McMains,1,3 and David C. Somers1,4 1Perceptual Neuroimaging Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, 2Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, 3Neuroscience of Attention and Perception Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, and 4Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 Human parietal cortex is implicated in a wide variety of sensory and cognitive functions, yet its precise organization remains unclear. Visual field maps provide a potential structural basis for descriptions of functional organization. Here, we detail the topography of a series of five maps of the contralateral visual hemifield within human posterior parietal cortex. These maps are located along the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and are revealed by direct visual stimulation during functional magnetic resonance imaging, allowing these parietal regions to be routinely and reliably identified simultaneously with occipital visual areas. Two of these maps (IPS3 and IPS4) are novel, whereas two others (IPS1 and IPS2) have previously been revealed only by higher-order cognitive tasks. Area V7, a previously identified visual map, is observed to lie within posterior IPS and to share a foveal representation with IPS1. These parietal maps are reliably observed across scan sessions; however, their precise topography varies between individuals. -
A Role for the Left Angular Gyrus in Episodic Simulation and Memory
8142 • The Journal of Neuroscience, August 23, 2017 • 37(34):8142–8149 Behavioral/Cognitive A Role for the Left Angular Gyrus in Episodic Simulation and Memory X Preston P. Thakral, XKevin P. Madore, and XDaniel L. Schacter Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02138 Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies indicate that episodic simulation (i.e., imagining specific future experiences) and episodic memory (i.e., remembering specific past experiences) are associated with enhanced activity in a common set of neural regions referred to as the core network. This network comprises the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and left angular gyrus, among other regions. Because fMRI data are correlational, it is unknown whether activity increases in core network regions are critical for episodic simulation and episodic memory. In the current study, we used MRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to assess whether temporary disruption of the left angular gyrus would impair both episodic simulation and memory (16 participants, 10 females). Relative to TMS to a control site (vertex), disruption of the left angular gyrus significantly reduced the number of internal (i.e., episodic) details produced during the simulation and memory tasks, with a concomitant increase in external detail production (i.e., semantic, repetitive, or off-topic information), reflected by a significant detail by TMS site interaction. Difficulty in the simulation and memory tasks also increased after TMS to the left angular gyrus relative to the vertex. In contrast, performance in a nonepisodic control task did not differ statistically as a function of TMS site (i.e., number of free associates produced or difficulty in performing the free associate task). -
Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans Ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai
Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai To cite this version: Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai. Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Frontiers, 2018, 12, pp.93. 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093. hal-01929541 HAL Id: hal-01929541 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01929541 Submitted on 21 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. REVIEW published: 19 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093 Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans J. ten Donkelaar 1*†, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer 2† and Jürgen K. Mai 3† 1 Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2 IMN Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, 3 Institute for Anatomy, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany The gyri and sulci of the human brain were defined by pioneers such as Louis-Pierre Gratiolet and Alexander Ecker, and extensified by, among others, Dejerine (1895) and von Economo and Koskinas (1925). -
The Role of the Superior Temporal Sulcus and the Mirror Neuron System in Imitation
r Human Brain Mapping 31:1316–1326 (2010) r The Role of the Superior Temporal Sulcus and the Mirror Neuron System in Imitation Pascal Molenberghs,* Christopher Brander, Jason B. Mattingley, and Ross Cunnington The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute & School of Psychology, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia r r Abstract: It has been suggested that in humans the mirror neuron system provides a neural substrate for imitation behaviour, but the relative contributions of different brain regions to the imitation of manual actions is still a matter of debate. To investigate the role of the mirror neuron system in imita- tion we used fMRI to examine patterns of neural activity under four different conditions: passive ob- servation of a pantomimed action (e.g., hammering a nail); (2) imitation of an observed action; (3) execution of an action in response to a word cue; and (4) self-selected execution of an action. A net- work of cortical areas, including the left supramarginal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, left dorsal premotor area and bilateral superior temporal sulcus (STS), was significantly active across all four con- ditions. Crucially, within this network the STS bilaterally was the only region in which activity was significantly greater for action imitation than for the passive observation and execution conditions. We suggest that the role of the STS in imitation is not merely to passively register observed biological motion, but rather to actively represent visuomotor correspondences between one’s own actions and the actions of others. Hum Brain Mapp 31:1316–1326, 2010. VC 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: fMRI; imitation; mirror neuron system r r INTRODUCTION ror neurons are visuomotor neurons that fire both when an action is performed and when a similar or identical Motor imitation involves observing the action of another action is passively observed [Rizzolatti and Craighero, individual and matching one’s own movements to those 2004]. -
Functional Connectivity of the Angular Gyrus in Normal Reading and Dyslexia (Positron-Emission Tomography͞human͞brain͞regional͞cerebral)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 8939–8944, July 1998 Neurobiology Functional connectivity of the angular gyrus in normal reading and dyslexia (positron-emission tomographyyhumanybrainyregionalycerebral) B. HORWITZ*†,J.M.RUMSEY‡, AND B. C. DONOHUE‡ *Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, and ‡Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Communicated by Robert H. Wurtz, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, May 14, 1998 (received for review January 19, 1998) ABSTRACT The classic neurologic model for reading, not functionally connected during a specific task. On the other based on studies of patients with acquired alexia, hypothesizes hand, if rCBF in two regions is correlated, these regions need functional linkages between the angular gyrus in the left not be anatomically linked; their activities may be correlated, hemisphere and visual association areas in the occipital and for example, because both receive inputs from a third area (for temporal lobes. The angular gyrus also is thought to have more discussion about these connectivity concepts, see refs. 8, functional links with posterior language areas (e.g., Wer- 10, and 11). nicke’s area), because it is presumed to be involved in mapping Based on lesion studies in many patients with alexia, it has visually presented inputs onto linguistic representations. Us- been proposed that the posterior portion of the neural network ing positron emission tomography , we demonstrate in normal mediating reading in the left cerebral hemisphere involves men that regional cerebral blood flow in the left angular gyrus functional links between the angular gyrus and extrastriate shows strong within-task, across-subjects correlations (i.e., areas in occipital and temporal cortex associated with the functional connectivity) with regional cerebral blood flow in visual processing of letter and word-like stimuli (12–14). -
01 05 Lateral Surface of the Brain-NOTES.Pdf
Lateral Surface of the Brain Medical Neuroscience | Tutorial Notes Lateral Surface of the Brain 1 MAP TO NEUROSCIENCE CORE CONCEPTS NCC1. The brain is the body's most complex organ. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After study of the assigned learning materials, the student will: 1. Demonstrate the four paired lobes of the cerebral cortex and describe the boundaries of each. 2. Sketch the major features of each cerebral lobe, as seen from the lateral view, identifying major gyri and sulci that characterize each lobe. NARRATIVE by Leonard E. WHITE and Nell B. CANT Duke Institute for Brain Sciences Department of Neurobiology Duke University School of Medicine Overview When you view the lateral aspect of a human brain specimen (see Figures A3A and A102), three structures are usually visible: the cerebral hemispheres, the cerebellum, and part of the brainstem (although the brainstem is not visible in the specimen photographed in lateral view for Fig. 1 below). The spinal cord has usually been severed (but we’ll consider the spinal cord later), and the rest of the subdivisions are hidden from lateral view by the hemispheres. The diencephalon and the rest of the brainstem are visible on the medial surface of a brain that has been cut in the midsagittal plane. Parts of all of the subdivisions are also visible from the ventral surface of the whole brain. Over the next several tutorials, you will find video demonstrations (from the brain anatomy lab) and photographs (in the tutorial notes) of these brain surfaces, and sufficient detail in the narrative to appreciate the overall organization of the parts of the brain that are visible from each perspective. -
Translingual Neural Stimulation with the Portable Neuromodulation
Translingual Neural Stimulation With the Portable Neuromodulation Stimulator (PoNS®) Induces Structural Changes Leading to Functional Recovery In Patients With Mild-To-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Authors: Jiancheng Hou,1 Arman Kulkarni,2 Neelima Tellapragada,1 Veena Nair,1 Yuri Danilov,3 Kurt Kaczmarek,3 Beth Meyerand,2 Mitchell Tyler,2,3 *Vivek Prabhakaran1 1. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 3. Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA *Correspondence to [email protected] Disclosure: Dr Tyler, Dr Danilov, and Dr Kaczmarek are co-founders of Advanced Neurorehabilitation, LLC, which holds the intellectual property rights to the PoNS® technology. Dr Tyler is a board member of NeuroHabilitation Corporation, a wholly- owned subsidiary of Helius Medical Technologies, and owns stock in the corporation. The other authors have declared no conflicts of interest. Acknowledgements: Professional medical writing and editorial assistance were provided by Kelly M. Fahrbach, Ashfield Healthcare Communications, part of UDG Healthcare plc, funded by Helius Medical Technologies. Dr Tyler, Dr Kaczmarek, Dr Danilov, Dr Hou, and Dr Prabhakaran were being supported by NHC-TBI-PoNS-RT001. Dr Hou, Dr Kulkarni, Dr Nair, Dr Tellapragada, and Dr Prabhakaran were being supported by R01AI138647. Dr Hou and Dr Prabhakaran were being supported by P01AI132132, R01NS105646. Dr Kulkarni was being supported by the Clinical & Translational Science Award programme of the National Center for Research Resources, NCATS grant 1UL1RR025011. Dr Meyerand, Dr Prabhakaran, Dr Nair was being supported by U01NS093650. -
Human Parietal Cortex in Action Jody C Culham and Kenneth F Valyear
Human parietal cortex in action Jody C Culham and Kenneth F Valyear Experiments using functional neuroimaging and transcranial owes, in large part, to the rapid growth of neuroimaging magnetic stimulation in humans have revealed regions of the studies, particularly experiments using functional mag- parietal lobes that are specialized for particular visuomotor netic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial mag- actions, such as reaching, grasping and eye movements. In netic stimulation (TMS). addition, the human parietal cortex is recruited by processing and perception of action-related information, even when no In one popular view of the visual system [1], visual overt action occurs. Such information can include object shape information is segregated along two pathways: the ventral and orientation, knowledge about how tools are employed and stream (occipito-temporal cortex) computes vision for the understanding of actions made by other individuals. We perception, whereas the dorsal stream (occipito-parietal review the known subregions of the human posterior parietal cortex) computes vision for action. Here, we review cortex and the principles behind their organization. recent advances that address the organization of the posterior parietal cortex and the action-related subregions Addresses within it. We begin by focusing on the role of the dorsal Department of Psychology, Social Science Centre, University of stream in visually-guided real actions. However, we then Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C2 discuss a topic that -
Neuroanatomy: Dissection of the Sheep Brain
Neuroanatomy: Dissection of the Sheep Brain The basic neuroanatomy of the mammalian brain is similar for all species. Instead of using a rodent brain (too small) or a human brain (no volunteer donors), we will study neuroanatomy by examining the brain of the sheep. We will be looking as several structures within the central nervous system (CNS), which is composed of the brain and spinal cord. You will learn individual structures now; later you will be looking at brain systems to see how different parts of the brain form functional units. Just as we differ with respect to individual characteristics, brains also differ slightly in the size, coloration, and shape of some structures. Carefully examine the brain you and your group are dissecting and try to look around the room at some other brains so you can see how the structures may vary. This is especially important when examining the cranial nerves, since rarely will all 12 nerve pairs be preserved on any one brain. This handout will guide you through the dissection and identification of structures. Refer to your text and the accompanying CD for additional information about comparative structures and functions. The last page of this handout lists all the structures you should be prepared to identify for the test. If the structure is marked with *, you should be prepared to identify the function of that structure. Check out the terrific tutorial of a sheep brain dissection on the web site at the University of Scranton (http://academic.uofs.edu/department/psych/sheep/). Lateral View of the Sheep Brain Dorsal Horizontal Section Anterior Posterior Ventral Olfactory bulbs Optic nerves Look for Medulla and chiasm pituitary here External and Midline Anatomy Examine the sheep brain with the membranes intact. -
Windows to the Brain: Introduction to Neuroanatomy
VA Mid-Atlantic Health Care Network Windows to the Brain: Introduction to Neuroanatomy Overview Planes of Section Radiographic Perspective Major Divisions Cortical Lobes, Gyri & Sulci General Functions Brodmann’s Areas Basal Forebrain Subcortical Structures Symptoms Cerebellum Structures Symptoms Katherine Taber, PhD, FANPA MIRECC Assistant Director - Education Research Health Scientist W.G. “Bill” Hefner VAMC, Salisbury NC Research Professor, Div Biomedical Sciences Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Robin Hurley, MD, FANPA MIRECC Associate Director - Education ACOS/Research and Academic Affairs Service Line W.G. “Bill” Hefner VAMC, Salisbury NC Professor, Psychiatry and Radiology Wake Forest School of Medicine revised September 2019 Source: http://www.mirecc.va.gov/visn6/Tools-Tips.asp Use of text, images and other content are subject to the following terms and conditions: Fair Use Is Permitted Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use for non-commercial educational purposes, such as teaching, scholarship, research, criticism, commentary, news reporting, and other content. Unless otherwise noted, users who wish to download or print text and image files from this Web site for such uses may do so without the VISN 6 MIRECC’s express permission, provided that they comply with the following conditions: The content may only be used for personal, educational or non- commercial purposes; Users must always specifically cite the author(s) and source of the content every time the material is used, as they would for material from any printed work; None of the content may be altered or modified. Warranty By downloading, printing, or otherwise using text and image files from this website, users agree and warrant that they will limit their use of such files to fair use.