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Demystifying Geographies: Peeling Back the Layers Infomay 2014

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Demystifying Geographies: Peeling Back the Layers Infomay 2014 SANDAG Demystifying Geographies: Peeling Back the Layers infoMay 2014 Census Tracts Jurisdictions Tribal Lands Community ZIP Codes Planning Areas 79 15 5 76 76 78 79 78 78 78 67 5 56 79 15 52 67 52 8 5 125 805 8 15 163 94 125 94 282 8 54 125 75 94 805 188 5 905 Introduction Geographic areas are designated divisions of the region used for planning, voting, Table of Contents administrative, and statistical purposes. Dozens of boundaries are defined for Introduction ................................................................. 1 incorporated cities, census tracts, school districts, ZIP codes, political districts, and Comparing Geographic Areas .................................... 2 other areas. SANDAG uses these different types of geographic areas to maintain Types of Geographic Areas ......................................... 4 and report demographic and economic information on the San Diego region. Census Geography ....................................................... 4 Geographic areas defined by the Census Bureau to report census information are Locally-Defined Geographic Areas ............................. 9 incorporated into the locally defined system of nested geographic areas, along Viewing Geographic Areas and Accessing Data ..... 21 with other types of areas that are important for collecting, analyzing, and reporting information. These areas include special districts (such as school and water districts), community planning areas, and political districts. Geographic areas are useful for describing the region, making comparisons between areas, and supporting informed decision-making. This INFO describes the variety of geographic areas that exist within the region and the relationship between these areas. Table 1 provides a brief summary of the definitions for easy reference. Table 1 Summary: Geographies in the San Diego Census Local Blocks Region • Smallest geographic unit, bounded on all sides by visible • San Diego County boundary features Incorporated Cities Block Groups • City boundaries • Contiguous cluster of blocks with a population between Subregional Areas 600 and 3,000 • Aggregation of census tracts Census Tracts Major Statistical Areas • Relatively permanent, homogeneous statistical areas • Aggregation of subregional areas Census Designated Places Special Districts • Densely settled concentrations of population • Districts for the provision of public services identifiable by name, but not incorporated Voting Districts American Indian Areas • Districts for determining the election of political • Federally designated areas for American Indian tribes representatives Metropolitan Statistical Area Community Planning Areas • County or Counties associated with a core urban area • Areas that are the basis for planning and land use Urbanized Areas decisions • Contiguous, densely developed area with 50,000 people Region or more • San Diego County boundary Urban Clusters Incorporated Cities • Contiguous, densely developed area with 2,500 to • City boundaries 50,000 people Subregional Areas ZIP Code Tabulation Areas • Aggregation of census tracts • Approximation of ZIP Code delivery areas April 2014 INFO – Demystifying Geographies: Peeling Back the Layers 1 Comparing Geographic Areas There is a variety of geographic areas within the region and each is important to users of diverse interests and professions. An understanding of what these divisions are and how they are formed is important when selecting an area type for analysis and making “apples-to-apples” comparisons. Confusion may arise from the fact that similarly named areas can be quite different in terms of the area they cover. For example, there are many business and residential addresses in unincorporated areas that use the names of incorporated cities in their mailing addresses, and the ZIP codes assigned to those areas also are identified by the incorporated city name. For example, El Cajon is covered by three ZIP codes: 92019, 92020, and 92021. These ZIP codes not only include the incorporated City of El Cajon, but also much of the adjacent unincorporated area including the communities of Crest, Granite Hills, Harbison Canyon, and a large part of Rancho San Diego (see Map 1). This problem of similarly named geographic areas that have different boundaries are especially prevalent in the unincorporated parts of the region. The community of Ramona is an instance of an area that can be defined in several different ways. As Table 2 and Map 2 show, when someone cites information for Ramona, he or she could be speaking of several different types of areas that vary greatly in geographic size, and consequently the related population is different as well. Table 2 Definitions of "Ramona" Area Name Geography (Sq. Miles) Ramona Census Designated Place 38.4 Ramona ZIP Code 92065 178.4 Ramona Subregional Area 135.9 Ramona Community Planning Area 131.3 Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, SANDAG April 2014 INFO – Demystifying Geographies: Peeling Back the Layers 2 Map 1 Geographic Areas within El Cajon ZIP Codes Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, SANDAG Map 2 Ramona Geographic Areas Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, SANDAG April 2014 INFO – Demystifying Geographies: Peeling Back the Layers 3 Another potential source of confusion is temporal consistency. While some geographic boundaries remain constant over time, others may change in response to development patterns, population growth, or legal mandates. Incorporated cities may annex or (rarely) de-annex land, and Community Planning Areas may merge or split. Unless the change in geographic size is taken into consideration, the degree of population change in the area could be misrepresented. The Community Planning Area of Lakeside is a case in point. As shown in Table 3, Lakeside’s population grew by 28 percent between 2000 and 2010. However, nearly all of the population increase was the result of the Pepper Drive-Bostonia Community Planning area being subsumed into Lakeside. (Population totals within Lakeside’s 2000 era boundary remain mostly unchanged over the same time period.) Table 3 Change in Population 2000 - 2010 Lakeside Community Planning Area 2000 - 2010 Pepper Drive - 2000 2010 2000 - 2010 Change Bostonia share of population population Change (total) (percent) change Lakeside Community Planning Area 57,422 73,292 15,870 28% 98% Former Pepper Drive-Bostonia Community Planning Area 15,146 15,499 15,499 - - Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, SANDAG When comparing areas, another consideration is the size and heterogeneity of the areas being studied. Comparing population density between a large city such as San Diego and a small city such as Del Mar may not provide meaningful insight, as a wide variety of development patterns and densities exist within the City of San Diego. Types of Geographic Areas There are two general types of geographic areas used to analyze and report information about the region. The first group consists of geographic areas defined by the Census Bureau for use in the decennial census and American Community Survey (ACS). The ACS is the Census Bureau’s program for the ongoing collection and reporting of detailed demographic, social, and economic data. The second group includes locally defined geographic areas that are specific to the San Diego region. Census Geography The Census Bureau collects and reports data for many different levels of geography. Prior to each census, the Census Bureau reconfigures geographic areas to conform to its population thresholds and other guidelines. For this effort, the Census Bureau works with local jurisdictions and SANDAG to divide census tracts that grew significantly in population over the decade, delineate block group boundaries, and define Census-Designated Place (unincorporated community) boundaries. These areas are used to report data following the decennial census, as well as ACS data throughout the decade. Additionally, SANDAG releases annual estimates for population and housing, as well as growth forecasts at the census tract level. A description of the most commonly used census-related geographic areas follows: April 2014 INFO – Demystifying Geographies: Peeling Back the Layers 4 Blocks: The block is the smallest geographic unit for which the Census Bureau tabulates data. Census blocks are bounded on all sides by visible features such as streets, streams, power lines, and railroad tracks. In an urban area with a grid street system, census blocks are easily identified as the city blocks. In some instances, invisible boundaries such as property lines and imaginary extensions of streets are used. The boundaries of incorporated cities were used to form census blocks, so blocks nest into city boundaries. Each census block is uniquely identified within a census tract by a four-digit number. Basic census data, such as population counts by age and ethnicity, are available down to the block level of geography for each decennial census. ACS data are not reported at the block level. There are 39,932 blocks in the San Diego region. Block Groups: A block group is a contiguous cluster of blocks within a census tract, identified by the first digit of the four-digit block number. The population within a block group typically ranges between 600 and 3,000 people. This is the smallest geographic area for which ACS information is available. There are currently 1,794 block groups in the San Diego region. Census Tracts: Census tracts are among the most commonly used geographic areas for reporting and analyzing information. They are designed to be relatively permanent statistical areas and
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