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Prehistorical The Chronological History of Harlingen, Texas1 Prehistorical Before there were animals and before there were people, there were the land and the nameless river. Together they would shape the topography of the Harlingen area. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) is a basin. The basin is a comparatively flat plain with a gentle slope to the northeast away from the river, which would be called the Rio Bravo, the Rio Grande del Norte, and eventually the Rio Grande, and towards what was to be designated the Gulf of Mexico. The political entities which were to come to be, Cameron County and most of Willacy County, lie in the basin subdivision called the Rio Grande Delta. "The area occupied by the delta, both ancient and recent, was once a broad valley, up to 400 feet deep, which was eroded from the coastal plain by the Rio Grande. It has since been filled with materials brought down by the river from inland areas." The only natural drain in Cameron County is the Arroyo Colorado. Arroyo is the Spanish word meaning small stream. It flows along the only two exposed geologic formations. These are the Beaumont Formation of Pleistocene age and the overlying sediments of Holocene (Recent) age. Both geologic ages created material deposits related to the rising and falling of the sea during and after the last major advance of the continental glaciers in North America. All of the Holocene age deposits are less than 5,000 years old. South and east of Harlingen are the cutoff meanders, called resacas, of the Rio Grande. Natural depressions called potholes also abound. These are usually round. The soils in the vicinity of Harlingen, 26° 12' north 97° 42' west and elevation 36 ' above sea level, have been classified by the Soil Conservation Service as Chromusterts and Pellusterts. These are level, very slowly permeable, high shrink-swell clayey soils. They fall into the Harlingen association, Harlingen-Montell saline association, and the Montell association. The area has a variable climate because, for about seven months of the year, it is influenced by maritime conditions, but in the other five cooler months is subject to continental conditions. It is termed a modified marine, or coastal-type, subtropical and semiarid climate. It is characterized by long, hot summers and short, mild winters occasionally punctuated by severe freezes. At Harlingen, on the average, the last date when the temperature is 32° F or below in spring is February 4, and the first date in fall, December 12. The average length of the warm season in Harlingen is 341 days. While the mean average temperature is 74 degrees, extremes may range from 12° to 107°. The climate is tempered by the Gulf breezes which tend to stabilize the temperature. 1 This Chronology is an on-going work in that it remains open to additions, corrections and dele- tions as new historical material is uncovered. Please contact Norman Rozeff of the Harlingen Historical Preservation Society. The material in the Chronology is primarily from newspaper accounts, Mrs. Gerald McKenna's Harlingen Golden Anniversary Celebration –April 24-30 (1960) Official Program, The Hand- book of Texas Online, Soil Conservation Service and Corps of Engineers publications, church histories, and literature and archives researched by Norman Rozeff, Betty Murray, Mary Lou Rumbo, and Jay Rus- sell. Although this chronicle contains material of a genealogical nature it is not meant to be a repository for genealogical history as such. The relative humidity of the LRGV decreases slightly from east to west as the distance from the Gulf increases. At noon, Central Standard Time, the east-to-west variation in relative humidity is estimated at 70 to 67 percent in January, 65 to 59 percent in April, 55 to 52 percent in July, and 63 to 60 percent in October. The prevailing winds are southeasterly to south-southeasterly for much of the year, but in the October through April period may be frequently interspersed with northerly winds wrought by the passage of Pacific and Canadian cold front systems. The area is semi-arid in that the average annual rainfall totals are fairly low and the rain is not evenly distributed by month nor across localities. In an average year, free-water (lake) evaporation of 58 inches exceeds precipitation by 32 to 36 inches. Flood – producing rains may occur in any season. In April 1991 Harlingen officially recorded 17.15 inches in one six hour cloudburst and over 20 inches in unrecorded areas of the city. This may have been a once in 500 year event. The approximately 92 1/4 year rainfall record for Harlingen as compiled by NOAA is: Harlingen Rainfall Data from May 1911 through April 2003 Rainfall Data Through 2003 Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Ttl Harlingen Yrs. 1911 1 2.27 0.41 2.16 0.00 1.70 0.00 0.66 1.91 9.11 1912 2 2.38 1.78 0.38 2.98 0.05 8.45 0.00 0.60 1.76 6.47 0.85 1.72 27.42 1913 3 1.53 1.21 1.72 0.72 2.14 5.41 0.61 0.56 8.43 2.06 0.18 1.34 25.91 1914 4 0.10 1.37 1.84 1.72 9.63 0.50 0.00 2.79 2.12 3.25 4.62 2.07 30.01 1915 5 3.98 0.16 3.91 1.85 1.08 1.39 1.19 3.79 1.16 1.19 0.23 0.78 20.71 1916 6 0.29 0.00 0.08 0.40 2.51 0.97 7.21 10.34 2.71 1.96 2.22 0.76 29.45 1917 7 0.00 1918 8 0.00 1919 9 2.68 5.84 0.13 5.40 4.22 0.13 1.45 19.85 1920 10 1.24 0.42 0.34 0.03 1.89 3.09 0.00 0.35 2.09 1.35 1.32 0.00 12.12 1921 11 0.25 0.62 2.66 1.93 2.79 2.06 2.95 0.11 4.53 2.57 1.02 0.07 21.56 1922 12 1.05 0.43 0.94 0.74 2.00 7.16 2.27 1.94 13.18 0.49 5.17 0.12 35.49 1923 13 0.13 12.10 1.23 0.46 0.33 0.93 1.03 0.33 12.72 7.84 2.85 2.79 42.74 1924 14 4.58 0.47 0.35 0.00 6.07 1.63 0.96 0.46 4.75 2.42 0.00 2.24 23.93 1925 15 0.73 0.00 3.08 1.04 1.71 3.69 0.00 2.16 9.56 1.53 0.74 4.12 28.36 1926 16 2.39 0.06 3.12 0.57 1.53 5.77 3.84 1.61 3.13 1.18 1.47 1.68 26.35 1927 17 1.11 0.83 0.12 0.22 2.02 4.88 3.75 0.04 3.12 1.43 0.45 1.27 19.24 1928 18 0.65 1.75 0.14 1.47 5.00 1.14 0.18 0.00 10.39 0.50 4.80 0.80 26.82 1929 19 0.12 0.35 1.05 1.30 6.26 0.30 2.05 2.92 3.80 3.05 4.00 0.90 26.10 1930 20 0.55 0.45 0.86 1.10 4.70 2.95 2.40 0.00 5.65 9.04 5.15 0.00 32.85 1931 21 5.22 1.00 0.00 0.60 4.22 5.10 4.10 2.40 1.56 0.65 1.25 0.82 26.92 1932 22 0.73 1.32 1.20 3.55 1.64 2.75 1.15 3.25 7.85 3.40 2.02 0.48 29.34 1933 23 1.26 0.07 0.28 0.79 3.00 0.45 6.41 4.94 18.25 4.85 1.45 0.00 41.75 1934 24 3.61 0.45 1.20 0.45 1.20 0.40 4.35 2.00 6.67 0.02 1.20 1.75 23.30 1935 25 0.42 1.01 0.87 4.46 8.60 7.50 2.57 0.82 6.07 1.40 0.17 4.03 37.92 1936 26 0.32 1.08 0.07 1.90 3.85 0.30 3.06 7.45 8.72 0.31 0.30 2.15 29.51 1937 27 1.85 1.11 0.42 0.50 4.42 0.00 4.08 1.00 1.70 3.35 1.75 7.59 27.77 1938 28 1.25 0.30 3.45 1.75 2.02 1.38 0.01 6.92 1.17 0.02 1.62 1.86 21.75 1939 29 1.82 0.08 0.63 1.34 3.92 7.83 0.35 0.89 1.74 0.11 0.03 0.20 18.94 1940 30 0.09 0.45 4.13 0.03 5.90 3.78 0.70 0.60 1.35 2.57 1.91 9.11 30.62 1941 31 9.17 1.01 3.92 5.75 6.95 4.90 1.00 2.05 3.10 5.37 0.20 2.57 45.99 1942 32 1.03 1.15 0.05 0.10 2.40 6.00 2.82 0.80 0.62 1.10 0.75 0.25 17.07 1943 33 1.82 0.50 0.70 0.00 7.47 0.90 0.00 0.51 4.88 1.60 1.37 2.45 22.20 1944 34 0.74 0.40 1.73 0.00 5.25 1.30 4.30 7.20 6.43 2.85 1.60 1.80 33.60 1945 35 1.30 2.92 0.00 1.65 0.40 0.90 3.50 8.68 0.90 3.05 0.30 0.20 23.80 1946 36 1.85 1.30 0.20 3.30 0.60 3.60 0.02 1.17 8.60 6.03 0.27 0.39 27.33 1947 37 0.56 0.82 0.40 2.19 2.75 1.66 0.49 7.27 0.46 0.65 2.42 0.64 20.31 1948 38 1.14 2.05 0.49 0.15 5.32 0.20 1.98 4.57 8.06 2.24 0.54 0.01 26.75 1949 39 0.73 2.85 1.24 0.89 0.81 1.02 5.00 0.96 0.18 1.30 14.98 1950 40 0.33 0.17 2.12 0.91 3.73 4.08 0.35 1.18 1.69 3.53 1.78 0.00 19.87 1951 41 0.12 1.59 0.28 2.04 0.89 3.74 2.52 6.08 2.66 0.45 0.21 20.58 1952 42 0.54 0.20 0.34 0.82 3.97 3.01 0.72 0.34 4.30 0.00 3.41 0.57 18.22 1953 43 0.38 0.94 0.47 0.51 0.10 0.16 0.92 11.28 0.57 2.62 0.44 1.22 19.61 1954 44 0.32 0.01 0.38 4.18 0.46 2.43 0.18 3.41 1.21 6.77 1.38 0.09 20.82 1955 45 0.75 0.28 0.03 0.36 0.97 0.00 5.70 2.01 12.30 2.70 1.85 0.25 27.20 1956 46 0.01 1.17 1.00 2.43 0.26 1.98 0.64 0.30 1.66 1.55 0.32 0.07 11.39 1957 47 0.17 2.42 2.62 4.34 2.32 6.67 0.07 0.34 0.43 0.30 2.95 0.33 22.96 1958 48 5.12 7.13 0.74 0.08 2.53 2.34 1.45 0.00 8.05 10.73 1.73 1.66 41.56 1959 49 1.53 2.39 0.32 1.76 5.38 4.46 0.64 1.14 0.09 5.33 2.73 0.34 26.11 1960 50 0.22 1.00 1.07 2.28 1.34 1.76 0.42 6.28 7.44 3.58 1.14 2.83 29.36 1961 51 1.38 0.25 0.00 2.49 0.42 1.79 2.69 4.52 8.30 0.90 1.61 0.71 25.06 1962 52 0.34 0.13 1.30 0.85 0.69 2.98 0.00 0.88 2.28 1.35 1.95 1.64 14.39 1963 53 0.20 0.44 0.05 0.39 6.07 1.88 1.92 2.75 4.29 3.75 4.31 2.55 28.60 1964 54 0.17 1.51 0.08 0.75 2.65 2.96 0.42 0.27 2.76 0.48 0.65 1.69 14.39 1965 55 0.32 2.70 0.68 0.31 1.11 0.93 0.20 2.73 12.90 1.16 3.76 4.26 31.06 1966 56 3.52 0.92 0.80 3.51 7.99 5.15 1.48 3.00 2.56 4.19 0.09 0.35 33.56 1967 57 1.43 1.03 1.12 0.06 1.88 0.86 0.56 5.65 14.36 5.24 3.34 3.65 39.18 1968 58 3.79 1.57 0.93 0.77 4.83 2.49 2.74 2.71 4.98 1.87 0.49 0.15 27.32 1969 59 0.39 2.09 0.84 0.13 4.06 0.62 0.19 3.73 5.84 0.44 1.04 0.30 19.67 1970 60 3.82 0.87 0.72 1.60 4.40 3.85 1.96 1.32 7.84 3.56 0.32 0.31 30.57 1971 61 0.80 1.21 0.08 0.93 0.39 2.33 1.96 3.20 8.35 2.73 0.49 1.66 24.13 1972 62 0.46 1.14 3.17 1.04 2.61 4.73 2.85 0.58 4.49 0.51 1.27 0.37 23.22 1973 63 4.56 7.28 0.31 0.71 0.45 7.51 1.64 8.96 4.83 4.40 1.68 0.17 42.50 1974 64 1.21 0.02 0.24 1.02 1.10 1.92 1.24 4.21 10.46 3.71 0.42 0.91 26.46 1975 65 1.55 0.58 0.12 0.02 1.98 2.27 8.64 4.44 8.60 1.04 0.27 1.61 31.12 1976 66 0.30 0.04 0.20 9.52 1.87 2.15 8.87 5.55 3.55 7.11 3.53 1.95 44.64 1977 67 1.78 1.65 0.17 3.35 1.24 7.27 1.88 0.42 2.78 2.20 2.19 0.36 25.29 1978 68 3.54 1.40 0.02 1.65 0.02 2.37
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