Anaerobic Digestion Energy Recovery from Bio Effluent, Sludge and Mixed Organic Waste Energy Recovery from Bio Effluent, Sludge and Mixed Organic Waste

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Anaerobic Digestion Energy Recovery from Bio Effluent, Sludge and Mixed Organic Waste Energy Recovery from Bio Effluent, Sludge and Mixed Organic Waste ANAEROBIC DIGESTION ENERGY RECOVERY FROM BIO EFFLUENT, SLUDGE AND MIXED ORGANIC WASTE ENERGY RECOVERY FROM BIO EFFLUENT, SLUDGE AND MIXED ORGANIC WASTE New Energy production is one of the four key businesses of Waterleau, next to water, air and waste treatment. Waterleau has acquired substantial know-how in the production of green energy from both organic and non-organic waste. Biogas from organic waste is obtained through anaerobic digestion, a series of processes in which micro organisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen hence producing biogas, a valuable energy source NEW ENERGY from wastewater from biomass from waste aerobic wwt anaerobic wwt anaerobic digestion drying non toxic toxic biogas biogas combustion recover & recycle biogas SOLUTIONS FOR GREEN ENERGY Waterleau offers the complete range of anaerobic digestion technology, both wet anaerobic digestion (BIOTIM® WET AD) as dry anaerobic digestion (BIOTIM® DRY AD). For wet anaerobic technology WATERLEAU offers as wel thermophilic (BIOTIM® WET AD thermophilic) as mesophilic turnkey solutions (BIOTIM® WET AD mesophilic). The Waterleau BIOTIM® and LUCAS® reactor range includes solutions for the production of green energy from every concentration of organic waste and load: Wastewater from food & beverage industry Concentrates from agro & food processing industry Sludge from municipal wastewater Bio waste Liquid and dewatered manure and chicken litter Slaughterhouse waste Energy crops; maize and grass silage Kitchen and restaurant waste (KRW) Organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) Mixed bio waste 2 WATERLEAU ANAEROBIC REACTOR RANGE The appropriate choice of the anaerobic reactor type depends on the composition of the organic waste. Choosing the appropriate anaerobic reactor for a specific organic effluent or organic waste is a key to success. BIOTIM® UASB High volumetric loading rates can be reached in certain wastewaters. The BIOTIM® UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor is the most commonly used system mainly because of its simplicity and robustness. BIOTIM® UAT The UAT (Upflow Anaerobic Tower) technology can be applied on easily and fast biodegradable wastewater flows generated by the Food & Beverage industry or the chemical industry. Applying hydraulic loading rates between 18-25 kg COD/m³ per day, the UAT solution generates a reduction of the reactor volume up to 33% compared to a conventional reactor. BIOTIM® UAC The BIOTIM® UAC (Upflow Anaerobic Contact) reactor is a hybrid reactor (combination of an UASB reactor with an AC process) for wastewater or concentrates that show no granule formation and/or require a longer hydraulic retention time than a UASB. BIOTIM® CSTR The BIOTIM® CSTR is Waterleau’s Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor. This type of reactor is typically used for very concentrated waters or for waters rich in solids. BIOTIM® Solids Waterleau’s BIOTIM® solids reactor is specially designed to treat sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Sludge from both primary and secondary treatment is mixed and heated to accelerate biological conversion. BIOTIM® WET AD Waterleau has designed a BIOTIM® wet AD reactor with appropriate pre-treatment for the treatment of organic waste with a high moisture content such as kitchen and restaurant waste, manure or energy crop. BIOTIM® DRY AD The organic content of dry solids in mixed organic household waste is approximately 50% The BIOTIM® dry AD technology is specially designed to handle this type of waste successfully. SETTING STANDARDS IN DIGESTER TECHNOLOGY KITCHEN WASTE & MANURE 3-9 % DM 20-100 kg COD/m³ BIOTIM® UASB BIOTIM® UAT WATERLEAU UASB +/- 1% DM 3-6 % DM 3 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF EFFLUENTS FROM THE INDUSTRY The BIOTIM® and LUCAS® anaerobic wastewater treatment technologies are Waterleau’s flag-ship solutions for the production of biogas from bio-effluent. In combination with aerobic treatment, up to 99% from the effluent’s organic load can be removed, allowing the final effluent stream to be discharged safely or to be further treated for reuse purposes. Waterleau offers turn-key solutions for anaerobic digestion in different industries: Brewery industry Food & beverages Dairy industry Potato processing Sugar industry Bakery and yeast Agro-industry Chemical industry BEET/SUGAR CANE VINASSES CHEMICAL INDUSTRY Waterleau has designed and built an anaerobic treatment Waterleau’s daugther company KARY-PLANAQUA has plant for one of the largest producers of yeast and bakery designed and built the high rate anaerobic treatment plant at ingredients, capable of treating vinasses containing high levels Bitterfeld with a capacity of 40.000 kg COD/day. The Upflow of BOC, COD & TSS but also containing high concentrations of Anaerobic Tower (UAT) produces 1,2 MWe from high-loaded potassium, sulphates, nitrogen and bivalent ions. wastewater coming from the chemical industry. The anaerobic effluent is further treated in the municipal waste water The key to success of anaerobic treatment in this particular case treatment plant. is the spilt up between the biomass retention time and the hydraulic retention time: a BIOTIM® UAC reactor is followed by an external sludge separation system (SEPAFLOC®) with biomass recirculation. This solution combines the advantages of CSTR and UASB technology and excludes their potential drawbacks. Other advantages are the small footprint (up to 70% less space) and the lower anaerobic effluent TSS values, facilitating the aerobic post-treatment. Mauri Hull, United Kindom Bitterfeld, Germany BIOTIM® UAC - Biogas: 14.344 Nm³/day BIOTIM® UAT - 10.400 Nm³ biogas /day 4 Heineken, Spain Tereos, France Biogas production: 9.600 Nm³/day Biogas production: 26.000 Nm³/day WATERLEAU HAS DESIGNED AND BUILT MORE THAN 100 AD REFERENCES IN THE FOOD & BEVERAGE INDUSTRY Heineken, The Netherlands Biogas production: 3.905 Nm³/day Claerebout Waesten, Belgium Diageo Kumasi, Ghana Biogas production: 11.400 Nm³/day Biogas production: 3.200 Nm³/day WATERLEAU COUNTS MORE THAN 400 REFERENCES IN THE ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER Castel, Togo Biogas production: 2.600 Nm³/day 5 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SLUDGE FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER Sludge, the semi-solid material left over from the sewage treatment process must be treated and disposed of in a safe and effective manner. Next to sludge drying and incineration, Anaerobic Digestion is used for the degradation of the organic matter thereby reducing the sludge volume. The methane generation is a key advantage of the anaerobic process. The methane can be used in co-generators for producing heat and electricity. WATER PRIMARY TREATMENT Water inlet Screen Oil & sand catcher SLUDGE BIOGAS ENERGY SECONDARY TREATMENT Sedimentation Thickener Flotation Gas ow monitoring Cogeneration unit Biological reactor tank Digester Desulphurisation Electric Thermal power energy Clarier Dewatering Flare Boiler Coagulation Sludge storage Flocculation To river TERTIARY TREATMENT Sand ltration UV Chlorination Process MWTP Marrakech ENERGY FROM SLUDGE IN FEZ AND MARRAKECH In large wastewater treatment plants like Fez or Marrakech, the BIOTIM® AD technology allows the production of up to 70% of the plants energy needs while reducing the carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions. In both wastewater treatment plants, the cogeneration solution meets the CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) requirements of the Kyoto Protocol Office. Marrakech, Morocco Fez, Morocco BIOTIM® solids - Biogas: 18.000 Nm³/day – Energy production: 1,8 MWe BIOTIM® solids - Biogas: 28.800 Nm³/day – Energy production: 3,2 MWe 6 Marrakech, Morocco 1,8 MWe Fez, Morocco 3,2 MWe Fez, Morocco UP TO 70 % OF THE ENERGY NEEDS OF A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT CAN BE PROVIDED BY SLUDGE DIGESTION 7 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BIOMASS YOUR PROJECT PARTNER FROM DEVELOPMENT TO CONSTRUCTION Waterleau has developed proprietary technology for the production of biogas from organic waste. BIOTIM® WET AD (mesophilic as well as thermpohilic process designs) and BIOTIM® DRY AD are Waterleau’s anaerobic digestion solutions for the treatment of a wide variety of organic waste. Waterleau counts several references of organic waste treatment plants, each with a solution adapted to its specific types of organic waste. Two other partners within the Waterleau Group offer additional expertise in organic waste treatment. IBH Consulting Engineers, a Waterleau company located near Brussels, relies on a track record of 30 years of expertise in feasibility studies, project management and operation of municipal waste management, including anaerobic digestion treatment plants. Kary-Planaqua, our Waterleau company located in Bremen, Germany, is also a provider of turn-key solutions for the treatment of biowaste. The combined expertise in the anaerobic digestion of wastewater and organic waste within the group, makes Waterleau a reliable provider of feasibility, consultancy and turnkey solutions. FEASABILTY - TENDER & PROCESS MANAGEMENT - ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY R&D - DESIGN & BUILD - OPERATION & MAINTENANCE R&D - DESIGN & BUILD - OPERATION & MAINTENANCE 1 TON OF KITCHEN WASTE PRODUCES 120 NM3 OF BIOGAS 8 BIOTIM® WET AD: MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC Waterleau has developed proprietary technology for the production of biogas from organic waste. BIOTIM® WET AD (mesophilic as well as thermophilic process designs) and BIOTIM® DRY AD are Waterleau’s anaerobic digestion solutions for the treatment of a wide variety of organic waste. BIOTIM® WET AD DIGESTOR BIOTIM® WET AD is available in both mesophilic
Recommended publications
  • Re-Examining the Role of Nuclear Fusion in a Renewables-Based Energy Mix
    Re-examining the Role of Nuclear Fusion in a Renewables-Based Energy Mix T. E. G. Nicholasa,∗, T. P. Davisb, F. Federicia, J. E. Lelandc, B. S. Patela, C. Vincentd, S. H. Warda a York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK b Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH c Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK d Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LS, UK Abstract Fusion energy is often regarded as a long-term solution to the world's energy needs. However, even after solving the critical research challenges, engineer- ing and materials science will still impose significant constraints on the char- acteristics of a fusion power plant. Meanwhile, the global energy grid must transition to low-carbon sources by 2050 to prevent the worst effects of climate change. We review three factors affecting fusion's future trajectory: (1) the sig- nificant drop in the price of renewable energy, (2) the intermittency of renewable sources and implications for future energy grids, and (3) the recent proposition of intermediate-level nuclear waste as a product of fusion. Within the scenario assumed by our premises, we find that while there remains a clear motivation to develop fusion power plants, this motivation is likely weakened by the time they become available. We also conclude that most current fusion reactor designs do not take these factors into account and, to increase market penetration, fu- sion research should consider relaxed nuclear waste design criteria, raw material availability constraints and load-following designs with pulsed operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovative Nuclear Reactor Development
    THREE-AGENCE STUDY IAEA INNOVATIVE NUCLEAR REACTOR DEVELOPMENT Opportunities for International Co-operation Profil couleur : Generic CMYK printer profile - None Composite Trame par dØfaut INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY 9, rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris, cedex 15, France The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established on 1st February 1958 under the name The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an of the OEEC European Nuclear Energy Agency. It autonomous body which was established in received its present designation on 20th April November 1974 within the framework of the 1972, when Japan became its first non-European Organisation for Economic Co-operation and full Member. NEA membership today consists of Development (OECD) to implement an inter- 28 OECD Member countries: Australia, Austria, national energy programme. Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, It carries out a comprehensive programme of Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, energy co-operation among twenty-six* of the Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, OECD’s thirty Member countries. The basic aims of the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Republic of the IEA are: Korea, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. • to maintain and improve systems for coping The Commission of the European Communities also with oil supply disruptions; takes part in the work of the Agency. • to promote rational energy policies in a global The mission of the NEA is: context through co-operative relations
    [Show full text]
  • Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Using Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor
    Cent. Eur. J. Eng. • 3(3) • 2013 • 389-399 DOI: 10.2478/s13531-013-0107-8 Central European Journal of Engineering Anaerobic wastewater treatment using anaerobic baffled bioreactor: a review Review Article Siti Roshayu Hassan1, Irvan Dahlan2∗ 1 School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2 School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Received 31 December 2012; accepted 16 June 2013 Abstract: Anaerobic wastewater treatment is receiving renewed interest because it offers a means to treat wastewater with lower energy investment. Because the microorganisms involved grow more slowly, such systems require clever design so that the microbes have sufficient time with the substrate to complete treatment without requiring enormous reactor volumes. The anaerobic baffled reactor has inherent advantages over single compartment reactors due to its circulation pattern that approaches a plug flow reactor. The physical configuration of the anaerobic baffled reactor enables significant modifications to be made; resulting in a reactor which is proficient of treating complex wastewaters which presently require only one unit, ultimately significant reducing capital costs. This paper also concerns about mechanism, kinetic and hydrodynamic studies of anaerobic digestion for future application of the anaerobic baffled reactor for wastewater treatment. Keywords: Anaerobic baffled reactor • Anaerobic digestion • Industrial wastewater • Wastewater treatment • Mechanism; Microorganisms © Versita sp. z o.o. 1. Background wastewater treatment has gain increasing attention. It has several advantages that have attracted many researchers such as design simplicity, use of non-sophisticated equip- ment, low excess sludge production, high treatment effi- With the rapid development and escalating crisis of wa- ciency and low capital and operating costs [1].
    [Show full text]
  • System Studies of Fission-Fusion Hybrid Molten Salt Reactors
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2013 SYSTEM STUDIES OF FISSION-FUSION HYBRID MOLTEN SALT REACTORS Robert D. Woolley University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Nuclear Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Woolley, Robert D., "SYSTEM STUDIES OF FISSION-FUSION HYBRID MOLTEN SALT REACTORS. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2013. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2628 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Robert D. Woolley entitled "SYSTEM STUDIES OF FISSION-FUSION HYBRID MOLTEN SALT REACTORS." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Nuclear Engineering. Laurence F. Miller, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Ronald E. Pevey, Arthur E. Ruggles, Robert M. Counce Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) SYSTEM STUDIES OF FISSION-FUSION HYBRID MOLTEN SALT REACTORS A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Robert D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fusion-Fission Hybrid As an Alternative to the Fast Breeder Reactor
    LA-8503-MS Informal Report UC-80 Issued: September 1980 The Fusion-Fission Hybrid As an Alternative to the Fast Breeder Reactor R. J. Barrett R. W. Hardie s^nrfceuun: L-v jn agen. •,- t-t -*ie Umte Ni.-ilhcr th« UnnwJ Strfte Govern men r jfly jgoncy I r dfK o* T>eit e nws ot an awntrwcMl product, (iro 7fdl*-nw 1 ol dutliOri put Un imJ Si-iles Govi rV CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1 I. INTRODUCTION 1 I1. CONCLUS IONS 3 III. DESCRIPTION AND MODELING OF FUEL CYCLE SYSTEMS 3 A. Fusion-Fission Hybrid Fuel Cycle 3 B. Classical Fast Breeder Reactor Cycle 9 C. Systems Integration Model 10 IV. ENERGY ANALYSIS 10 V. ECONOMICS 13 A. Introduction 13 B. Methodol ogy 14 C. Economics Data Base 15 D. Results 16 VI. TECHNOLOGICAL EVALUATION 21 A. Technological Uncertainties 21 B. Performance Parameters 22 VII. INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 25 A. Proliferation 25 1. Proliferation Risks 26 2. Proliferation Barriers 26 3. Routes to Proliferation 28 4. Results 28 B. Health, Safety, and the Environment 29 1. Resource Requirements 30 2. Chemical Toxicants 31 3. Radiological Hazards 31 4. Summary 32 C. Commerc i al i zat i on 33 1. Research, Development, and Demonstration 33 2. Marketing the Technologies 34 3. Operation of the Reactors 34 4. Nuclear Facility Licensing 35 5. Public Acceptance 35 6. Summary 36 REFERENCES 36 IV THE FUSION-FISSION HYBRID AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE FAST BREEDER REACTOR by R. J. Barrett and R. W. Mardie ABSTRACT This report compares the fusion-fission hybrid on the piutonium cycle with the classical fast breeder reactor (FBR) cycle as a long-term nuclear energy source.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of the Hybrid Sewage Treatment Plant's Exploitation on Its
    sustainability Article Influence of the Hybrid Sewage Treatment Plant’s Exploitation on Its Operation Effectiveness in Rural Areas Andrzej Wał˛ega,Krzysztof Chmielowski and Dariusz Mły ´nski* Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland; [email protected] (A.W.); [email protected] (K.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-12-662-4041 Received: 9 July 2018; Accepted: 30 July 2018; Published: 1 August 2018 Abstract: The article evaluates the effectiveness of the removal of organic pollutants—nitrogen and phosphorus—from household sewage in a hybrid bioreactor with a submerged fixed bed. The experiment was carried out in two exploitation variants that were both conducted in a laboratory model of the hybrid bioreactor: (I) cycles of 120 min of aeration and 60 min of no aeration with a constant sewage dosage, and (II) cycles 60 min of aeration and 60 min of no aeration, with a periodic sewage dosage in the no-aeration phase. The experiment was carried out on real sewage primarily treated in a septic tank. The amount of pollution removal was calculated and compared with the mandatory standards according to Polish law. Moreover, the susceptibility of the sewage to the biological treatment, nitrification, and denitrification activity was determined. The research shows a higher effectiveness for the 60/60 model in comparison to the 120/60 model. High operation efficiency was observed regarding the removal of organic pollution and nitrate nitrogen. The tested structure showed very low nitrification activity combined with intense denitrification.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Sago Wastewater Using Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor
    Water Qual. Res. J. Canada, 2006 • Volume 41, No. 1, 56–62 Copyright © 2006, CAWQ Treatment of Sago Wastewater Using Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor J. Rajesh Banu,1 Sudalyandi Kaliappan1* and Dieter Beck2 1Centre for Environmental Studies (CES), Anna University, Chennai – 600025, Tamilnadu State, India 2Indo-German Project, Centre for Environmental Studies, Freiheits Str. 195, 42853 Remscheid, Germany Sago, tapioca starch, is manufactured by over 800 small-scale units located in the Salem district of the State of Tamilnadu, South India. These units generate large quantities of high-strength wastewater requiring elaborate treatment prior to dis- posal. The present study is an attempt to treat the sago wastewater using a hybrid reactor, which combines the advantages of both fixed-film and up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket systems. A hybrid reactor with a volume of 5.9 L was operated at organic loading rates varying from 10.4 to 24.6 kg COD/m3d. After 120 d of start-up, an appreciable decrease in COD and efficient removal of solids were evident. The COD removal varied from 91 to 83%. While the removal of total solids was in the range of 56 to 63%, that of volatile solids varied from 67 to 72%. The methane production during the study period was in the range of 0.11 to 0.14 L CH4/g COD-d and the percentage was from 55 to 67%. The ideal organic loading rate (OLR) was determined on the basis of tolerance of the reactor towards higher organic loading rate and it was found to be 23.4 kg COD/m3d.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 Session H
    2nd international symposium on ecological sanitation, april 2003 Session H Decision making tools Chairpersons Jes La Cour Jansen (Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden) Ralf Otterpohl (Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, Germany) Lectures Ecological assessment of ecosan concepts and conventional waste water systems * Ralf Mühleck, Andreas Grangler, Martin Jekel (Technical University Berlin, Gemany) The phosphorus calculator: A planning tool for closing nutrient cycles in urban eco -systems* Bekithemba Gumbo (University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe), Hubert Savenije, Peter Keldermann Assessment method for evaluating existing and alternative measures of urban water manage- ment* Dongbin Huang, Roland Schertenleib, Hansruedi Siegrist, Tove A. Larsen, Willi Gujer (EAWAG, Switzer- land) Options for sustainable urban water infrastructure systems: Results of the AKWA 2100 project Harald Hiessl, Dominik Toussaint (Fraunhofer Institute, Germany) Comparison of resource efficiency of systems for the management of toilet waste and organic household waste* Daniel Hellström, Andreas Baky, Ola Palm, Ulf Jeppson, Helena Palmquist (Stockholm Vatten, Sweden) The Swedish Urban Water programme Per-Arne Malmqvist (Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden) Model city urban enclave in urban water - does ecosan improve sustainability of the sewage system? Håkan Jönsson (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden) Comparison of sanitation latrines used in China Li Xianghong (Guangxi Medical University, China), Lin Jiang Overview on worldwide ecosan - concepts
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Anaerobic Hybrid and Mixing Reactors in Treating Domestic Wastewater
    Asian J. Energy Environ., Vol. 4, Issues 1-2 (2003), pp. 19-39 Performance of Anaerobic Hybrid and Mixing Reactors in Treating Domestic Wastewater T. T. Tran1, A. Nopharatana2 and P. Chaiprasert3,* 1 Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand. 2 Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand. 3 School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand * Corresponding author: [email protected] (Received : 25 June 2003 – Accepted : 1 September 2003) Abstract : Laboratory-scale anaerobic hybrid (AH) and mixing (MX) reactors of 5.5 l were used to study the treatment of domestic wastewater. Each reactor was seeded with 10 g VSS/l of granular sludge obtained from a full-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating soft drink wastewater. Domestic wastewater with 130 mg/l of BOD (350 mg/l of COD) was continuously fed by up-flow to the reactors. During the operating period of 65 days, the OLR in the AH reactor increased from 0.16 to 3.5 g COD/l.d. It was noticed that the minimum contact time Copyright © 2004 by the Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment 19 T. T. Tran, A. Nopharatana and P. Chaiprasert for microorganisms and organic substances in terms of treatment efficiency was 4 h of HRT and 0.5 m/h of up-flow velocity. The removal of CODd and methane production at OLR 2-3.5 g COD/l.d and HRT 4h was approximately 75-77% and 0.3 - 0.6 m3- gas/m3- reactor.d, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study of Domestic Wastewater Using Hybrid Process Prof
    ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2017 IJESC Research Article Volume 7 Issue No.8 Feasibility Study of Domestic Wastewater using Hybrid Process Prof. R. S. Adhau Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology &Research, Badnera, India Abstract: With the introduction of stringent effluent standards, it is the responsibility of wastewater treatment engineer to treat the wastewater to satisfy the requirement of receiving streams. The wastewater is conventionally treated either by Attached Growth System or by Suspended Growth System. Recently a new trend is developed to adopt the combination of Attached and Suspended Growth System of treatment. The combinations of treatment systems provide better results and as such the efforts will be made to study the efficiency of treatment. The combined activated & suspended growth system is advantageous for improvement of the efficiency. The present paper describes techniques for effective domestic waste management. Effort is made to treat the domestic waste by developing a technique such as Hybrid Process. Hybrid process is a technology which enhances the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment. Hybrid process is a technique of using attached & suspended growth system by effectively using the advantages of both systems. The performance of various reactors best on attached & suspended growth system is discussed. Suitability of attached & suspended growth system is discussed thoroughly. The lab scale model is operated for different operating conditions at different detention time. To study the performance of the reactor a laboratory model is fabricated with steel having appropriate dimension. The model is provided with appropriate arrangements of inlet, outlet arrangements. Extensive study is carried to study the performance of reactor various parameter such as BOD, COD.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fusion–Fission Hybrid As An
    LA-8503-MS Informal Report ClC-l 4 REPORT COLLECTION C34 REPRODUCTION COPY The Fusion-Fission Hybrid As an Alternative to the Fast Breeder Reactor .-cd C .- .- LOSALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY PostOfficeBox 1883 Los Alamos.New Mexico 87545 An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employet This report was not edited by the Technical Information staff. DISCLAIMKR This report was prcpued as an account or work sponsored by an agency or the United Stutes Gover!u ment. Neither lhc United Stutcs Government nor any agency lhemof, nor any of thek employees, makes any warranty, ehpres$ or iItIpliLti, or assumes any Icgal Iiabtity or responsibility for the acclJI- acy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or rcp- rrsents thal its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Rcferencc hetein to any spec~c com- mercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United Stales Government or any agency thermf. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not nec- esmily state or reflect those of the United States Govmnment or any agency thcrmf. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CONTRACT W-7405 -ENG. 36 LA-8503-MS Informal Report UC-80 Issued: September 1980 The Fusion-Fission Hybrid As an Alternative to the Fast Breeder Reactor R. J. Barrett R. W. Hardie CONTENTS ABSTRACT . ● ...............● ...● ● ..● ....● ..............● ..................... 1 I. INTRODUCTION .................● ................... ● ................... 1 II. CONCLUSIONS ...............................● ..● ....................... 3 III. DESCRIPTION AND MODELING OF FUEL CYCLE SYSTEMS ....................... 3 A. Fusion-Fission Hybrid Fuel Cycle ................................. Classical Fast Breeder Reactor Cycle ........*.................... : :: Systems Integration Model .....● ......
    [Show full text]
  • Day 1 Scientific Tracks & Abstracts
    conferenceseries.com 1007th Conference 5th World Bioenergy Congress and Expo June 29-30, 2017 Madrid, Spain Scientific Tracks & Abstracts Day 1 Bioenergy 2017 Page 31 Sessions Day 1 June 29, 2017 Biogas|Bioenergy Applications Session Chair Session Co-chair Animesh Dutta Jana Zabranska Bio-renewable Innovation Lab, Canada University of Chemistry and Technology, Czech Republic Session Introduction Title: Bioconversion of carbon dioxide in biogas to methane Jana Zabranska, University of Chemistry and Technology, Czech Republic Title: Green economic development in the City of Johannesburg: Production of biogas to fuel city buses William H L Stafford, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa Title: Biogas desulfurization by autotrophic denitrification – temperature dependence Dana Pokorna, University of Chemistry and Technology, Czech Republic Title: Deployment of a bio-economic ‘hub’ in rural Thailand by means of a centralized biogas plant Rikke Lybaek, University of Roskilde, Denmark Title: Energy and economical evaluation of a biogas generation plant under the Feed-in Tariff scheme in Japan Shiho Ishikawa, Hokkaido University, JAPAN Title: Title:Utilization of palm oil processing waste (palm oil mill effluent/POME) as a biogas raw material in Indonesia: Economic and institution approach Endro Gunawan, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio Economic and Policy Studies, Indonesia Title: Evaluation of mechanical comminution as substrate pretreatment in biogas production Diana Andrade, Bavarian State Research Center
    [Show full text]