DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review on Genus Vitex-A Novel Medicinal Plant R Devika Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Paiyanoor-603 104, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Review on Genus Vitex-A Novel Medicinal Plant R Devika Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Paiyanoor-603 104, India Int J Pharma Res Health Sci. 2017; 5 (6): 1904-08 DOI:10.21276/ijprhs.2017.06.01 R Devika CODEN (USA)-IJPRUR, e-ISSN: 2348-6465 International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences Available online at www.pharmahealthsciences.net Review Article A Review on Genus Vitex-A Novel Medicinal Plant R Devika Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Paiyanoor-603 104, India. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: 12 Nov 2017 Plants produces various kinds of chemicals through metabolism (Primary Accepted: 10 Dec 2017 and Secondary) which play an important role in growth of the plant and act as a defensive material. These compounds are recognized as essential nutrients for normal physiological functions. Recent researches demonstrate that these compounds protect human against diseases in various actions such as antioxidants, hormonal action, anti-microbial and even in physical actions. The genus Vitex is evident of many phytochemicals which is therapeutic values. Key words:Therapeutic, medicinal, efficacy, phytochemical, verbenaceae ______ 1. INTRODUCTION Plant metabolites are used traditionally to treat various chronic and infectious diseases1. WHO stated 80% of World’s population depends on the traditional medicine for their primary health care and immediate remedy2,3. Phytochemicals are the major source of antimicrobial drugs which form the major alternative traditional medicine for various diseases4,5. Folk knowledge and preexisting plant data evaluated and scientific research on phytochemistry, biology and pharmacological activities revealed several discoveries and investigations on drug discovery6,7. Several Corresponding author * R Devika researches on plant metabolites revealed antimicrobial Department of Biotechnology, activities6,8,9 against wide range of drug resistant Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Paiyanoor-603 104 10,11 12 13 india. bacteria , anti-cancer , anti-hepatotoxic . WHO report E-mail: [email protected] 1904 IIIIIIIII© International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences. All rights reserved Int J Pharma Res Health Sci. 2017; 5 (6): 1904-08 estimated around 21,000 plants have been used for medicinal V. negundo is wide spread (Table 5) and the various parts purposes and out of which 500 higher plants are recognized have remedy procedures (Table 6).The Vitex negundo plant as potential source of drugs14and it was also reported that has been proved to be highly therapeutic for many around 119 pure phytochemical are extracted from 90 plant centuries35 for many aliment such as snake venom species15. The major phytochemicals are used as neutralization36, analgesic37, nitric oxide scavenging pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavours, fragrance, food activity38, hepatoprotective39, antifungal40, anti- additives, insecticides, pesticides etc. 14,16. lipopaeroxidative41and diabetic42(Table:7) Vitex is a genus of flowering plants17 of family Laminaceae PHYTOCHEMICALS OF VITEX consisting of 250 species 18,19 and commonly known as The crude extracts of leaves registered the presence of “Chaste tree” 20 and they are native of Tropical and alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenolics, Subtropical countries21 and the Sanskrit synonyms is carbohydrates and amino acids43,.44 The therapeutic values of tabulated in Table 1. The genus vitexis an erect21 shrub or phytochemicals are tabulated in the Table 724. The HPLC small tree growing upto 2 to 8 m height. Leaves are digitate results of leaves and the barks of Vitex leucoxylon reported with five lanceolate or sometimes three leaflets (4 to 10 cm to contain febrifuge, β- stiesterol, dimethyl terphthalate, in length). The leaf edges are toothed or serrated with hairy vitexin, isovitexin, agnuside, ancubin45.Vitex eltissima leaves bottom 6,7. White or blue flowers borne in panicles (10 – 20 are efficient as antibacterial40and against mosquitoes. The cm in length) with petals of different lengths (middle lower phytochemicals registered in V. negundo leaves18 were lobe being longer). Corolla and calyx are covered with dense hydroxyl-3,6,7,3’,4’- penta methoxyflavone46, 6’ p- hairs8(Table 2).Vitexnegundo is indigenous to the countries hydroxybenzoyl mussaenosidic acid, 5’3’ dihydroxybenzoic like Malaysia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, acid, flavonoids, p-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro- Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, China, India, Korea, Kenya, 2-napthaldehyde46. The bioactive compounds of roots of Bhutan etc. The botanical classification of vitex is tabulated V.negundo were vitrofial, vitaxin and isovitexin, acetyl in Table 317 and the vernacular names of the genus vitex are oleanolic acid, lyoniresinol47. tabulated (Table 4)26. VITEX AS PESTICIDES AND LARVICIDES From ancient times genus Vitex leaves are scientifically 2. MEDICINAL VALUES OF GENUS proved to be effective pesticides against coleopteran pests VITEX such as Callosbruchus chinensis, Rhyzoptha dominica, 26 Traditionally, the extracts of the roots, fruits, flowers and Sitophilus oryzae, Stophilus zeaais, Latheticus oryzae etc. leaves of genus vitex were used externally and internally. Combination of essential oil of Vitex and Citronella oil was 39 The decoction of leaves is used for steam bath for arthritis, very efficient against Sitotroga cerealella . Leaf and joint pain, scialica22. The smoke of dry leaves are useful for branches showed highest repellency against insects and pests 6. headaches, sinusitis and common cold24. Nirgundi oil is best of paddy, Euproctis fraternal and Spodoptera litura The for dry cleaning of wounds, anti-infective and to remove foul petroleum ether leaf extracts revealed highest larvicidal smell25. The word vitexis derived from ‘Vieo’ (Latin) which effect against Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the laboratory means tie or bind and out of 270 known species 18 are in condition and these acted as a detterent against the mosquito 27,48 regular cultivation as crops and they are called ‘Chaste Aedes aewgypti . The phytochemicals such as alkaloids tree’26. Vitex trifolia is a abundant in Southeastern Asia and and glycosides in the leaves of Vitex proved to have high 2 Melanesia with three leaves commonly known as Indian germicidal activity . 2-hepatricontanone from leaf extracts of Privet or Indian wild-pepper27. Vitex trifolia is also known as Vitex inhibits the oviposition of stored grain boring insects 13 ‘Pani-Ki-Sanbhala’ and ‘Sufed-Sanbhalu’ in Hindi and like S. corealella, R. dominica and S. oryzae . ‘Langunding-Dagal’ in Philippines28. The other species Vitex negundo Linn.proved to be an efficient novel 44 found in seashore upto the altitude of 1,500 m are V. plant against fungi, virus, larva, feedent, bacteria etc . Vitex negundo, V.glabrata, V. leucoxylon, V. penducularis, negundo Linn. proved to be highly insecticidal against V.pinnata in India and they are abundant on sandy solids29. Phthorimaeo aperudella, Allosobruches maculates,Aphis 7 V. nirgundi is believed to be scared as it has been originated citricola, A. gossypii, Myzus passicae and act as the best from the abdomen of Ganadhipa (an appellation of Lord larvicidal against Anapheles subpictus, Culex Shiva and also from Ganesha)30 and the leaves are offered to tritaeniophnchus, C quinquefasciatus, Anapheles stephensi. both Lord Shiva and Godress Gowri during Nitya Samavara Vitex sps. Act as anti-feedant, anti-filarial and anti-fungal 49 Vrata31. against Alternaria alternat , Curvularia lunata, From ancient times,V. trifolia along with anthill acted as the Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Cryptococcus neoformans, 50 indicator for the presence of tasteful water in the Aspergillus nigerand Candida albicans . ground32,33and V. negundo was used as totem plant during war, wherein the soldiers wore the flowers of nocci (V. 3. CONCLUSION negundo) and it referred Sindhuvara as bad omen for any The genus Vitex consists of various bioactive components army camp34. The commercial utility of the various parts of which are of medicinal value. These bioactive compounds 1905 IIIIIIIII© International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences. All rights reserved Int J Pharma Res Health Sci. 2017; 5 (6): 1904-08 are evident as additives from Hispanic era in the medical with water and applied on the field as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous forehead 3 Abdominal gas and pain Fresh leaf decoction is taken agents etc. Therefore from the above evidences the leaves of orally these species may be used as therapeutic agents after a wide 4 Fever / Toothache Fresh leaves are boiled in two clinical analysis and clinical trials. glasses of water and boiled for 15 Table 1: Sanskrit synonyms of genus Vitex21 minutes. Name Sankrit synonyms Medicinal meanings Decoction is divided into 3 parts Nirgundi Nirgudati shareeramProtects body from and taken thrice a day in a gap of rakshati rogbhyaha diseases 4 h Sindhuvara Sindu shotham vaarayati itHelps in relieving from 5 Asthma and cough Same as above sinduvaraha inflammation 6 Ulcers, Boils, Wounds Fresh leaves are used to make decoction wash the affected area with the decoction. Table 2: Morphological characteristicsof Genus Vitex leaves26 Characters Botanical characteristics Table 7: Medicinal value of Vitex negundo26 Colour Green S.No Medicinal Preparation Medicinal Value Taste Bitter 1 Kushta Skin diseases, eczema, ring worm Odor Aromnatic 2 Pleeha Spleen disorder Size Compound 3 Gulma Abdominal tumor Shape Trifoliate (Occasionally pentafoliate) 4 Deepani Carminative Surface Above-Globrous; Below-Tomentose 5 Keshya Hair quality improvement
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Weed Risk Assessment for Vitex Rotundifolia L. F. (Lamiaceae)
    Weed Risk Assessment for Vitex United States rotundifolia L. f. (Lamiaceae) – Beach Department of Agriculture vitex Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service June 4, 2013 Version 2 Left: Infestation in South Carolina growing down to water line and with runners and fruit stripped by major winter storm (Randy Westbrooks, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org). Right: A runner with flowering shoots (Forest and Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org). Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Weed Risk Assessment for Vitex rotundifolia Introduction Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) regulates noxious weeds under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000) and the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610, 1939). A noxious weed is defined as “any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (including nursery stock or plant products), livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment” (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000). We use weed risk assessment (WRA)—specifically, the PPQ WRA model (Koop et al., 2012)—to evaluate the risk potential of plants, including those newly detected in the United States, those proposed for import, and those emerging as weeds elsewhere in the world. Because the PPQ WRA model is geographically and climatically neutral, it can be used to evaluate the baseline invasive/weed potential of any plant species for the entire United States or for any area within it.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants Research
    V O L U M E -III Glimpses of CCRAS Contributions (50 Glorious Years) MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Glimpses of CCRAS contributions (50 Glorious years) VOLUME-III MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi MiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll © Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi - 110058 First Edition - 2018 Publisher: Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, J. L. N. B. C. A. H. Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D-Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110 058, E-mail: [email protected], Website : www.ccras.nic.in ISBN : 978-93-83864-27-0 Disclaimer: All possible efforts have been made to ensure the correctness of the contents. However Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, shall not be accountable for any inadvertent error in the content. Corrective measures shall be taken up once such errors are brought
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Analysis of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Vitex Negundo Linn
    Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2017; 9(6); 833-839 DOI number: 10.25258/phyto.v9i6.8187 ISSN: 0975-4873 Research Article Studies on Analysis of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Vitex negundo Linn. Ved Prakash*, Shelly Rana, Anand Sagar Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, (H.P.) 171005, India Received: 19th April, 17; Revised 3rd June, 17, Accepted: 15th June, 17; Available Online:25th June, 2017 ABSTRACT The current study was designed to investigate the leaf extracts of Vitex negundo Linn. for their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory (α-amylae and urease) activity. The antioxidant capacity of the different extracts (methanol, acetone and aqueous) of this plant was evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and reducing power tests. The plant exhibited good DPPH radical scavenging activity and moderate reducing power potential Further, all the extracts of V. negundo were reported to possess good anti-alpha amylase and anti-urease activity of greater than 50% in all the solvents used at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Thus the study provided scientific evidence to the traditional uses of this plant in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, ulcers, kidney stones etc. Therefore, the leaf extracts of this plant can be selected for further investigation to determine their therapeutic potential. Keywords: Vitex negundo, leaf extracts, DPPH, reducing power, α-amylase, urease. INTRODUCTION mainly attributed to phenolic compounds such as Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands flavonoids and phenolic acids9. Phenolic compounds from of years and a sufficient number of modern drugs have medicinal plants exhibit strong antioxidant activity and been derived from natural sources, many of these may help to protect the cells against the oxidative damage isolations were based on the use of these agents in caused by free radicals10.
    [Show full text]
  • (Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae) Using Two DNA Barcode Markers
    J Biosci (2020)45:96 Ó Indian Academy of Sciences DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00061-2 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) Re-evaluation of the phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation of two closely related families (Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae) using two DNA barcode markers 1 2 3 OOOYEBANJI *, E C CHUKWUMA ,KABOLARINWA , 4 5 6 OIADEJOBI ,SBADEYEMI and A O AYOOLA 1Department of Botany, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria 2Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI), Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria 3Department of Education Science (Biology Unit), Distance Learning Institute, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria 4Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria 5Ethnobotany Unit, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria 6Department of Ecotourism and Wildlife Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria *Corresponding author (Email, [email protected]) MS received 21 September 2019; accepted 27 May 2020 The families Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae comprise several closely related species that possess high mor- phological synapomorphic traits. Hence, there is a tendency of species misidentification using only the mor- phological characters. Herein, we evaluated the discriminatory power of the universal DNA barcodes (matK and rbcL) for 53 species spanning the two families. Using these markers, we inferred phylogenetic relation- ships and conducted species delimitation analysis using four delimitation methods: Automated Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), TaxonDNA, Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP) and General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC). The phylogenetic reconstruction based on the matK gene resolved the relationships between the families and further suggested the expansion of the Lamiaceae to include some core Verbanaceae genus, e.g., Gmelina.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitex Trifolia ‘Variegata’1
    Fact Sheet FPS-611 October, 1999 Vitex trifolia ‘Variegata’1 Edward F. Gilman2 Introduction This fast growing shrub is popular for its variegated foliage and pretty blue flowers (Fig. 1). Vitex will reach a height of 10 to 12 feet and quickly becomes tree-like if neglected or trained to encourage multi-trunk development. However, this plant creates a nice, dense shrub if it is properly pruned and will be nearly prostrate if planted on a sandy beach. The trifoliate evergreen leaves are gray-green with white marginal variegation. These soft leaves have grayish pubescence on their underside and smell pungent when crushed. Attractive blue or lavender flowers with white spots appear in terminal clusters during the summertime. These beautiful flowers are followed by small, brown drupes. General Information Scientific name: Vitex trifolia ‘Variegata’ Pronunciation: VYE-tecks try-FOLE-lee-uh Common name(s): Variegated Vitex Family: Verbenaceae Plant type: shrub Figure 1. Variegated Vitex. USDA hardiness zones: 9B through 11 (Fig. 2) Planting month for zone 9: year round Planting month for zone 10 and 11: year round Description Origin: not native to North America Height: 10 to 20 feet Uses: hedge; border; mass planting; container or above-ground Spread: 8 to 12 feet planter; trained as a standard Plant habit: round Availablity: somewhat available, may have to go out of the Plant density: dense region to find the plant Growth rate: fast Texture: fine 1.This document is Fact Sheet FPS-611, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem
    Check List 9(2): 186–207, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir PECIES S OF Mandar Nilkanth Datar 1* and P. Lakshminarasimhan 2 ISTS L (Molem) National Park, Goa, India *1 CorrespondingAgharkar Research author Institute, E-mail: G. [email protected] G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004. Maharashtra, India. 2 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711 103. West Bengal, India. Abstract: Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, the only National park in Goa, was evaluated for it’s diversity of Angiosperms. A total number of 721 wild species belonging to 119 families were documented from this protected area of which 126 are endemics. A checklist of these species is provided here. Introduction in the National Park are Laterite and Deccan trap Basalt Protected areas are most important in many ways for (Naik, 1995). Soil in most places of the National Park area conservation of biodiversity. Worldwide there are 102,102 is laterite of high and low level type formed by natural Protected Areas covering 18.8 million km2 metamorphosis and degradation of undulation rocks. network of 660 Protected Areas including 99 National Minerals like bauxite, iron and manganese are obtained Parks, 514 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 43 Conservation. India Reserves has a from these soils. The general climate of the area is tropical and 4 Community Reserves covering a total of 158,373 km2 with high percentage of humidity throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Exotic Pest Plant Councils 2017 List Of
    CATEGORY II (continued) Gov. The 2017 list was prepared by the Scientific Name** Common Name List Zone FLEPPC List Definitions: Exotic – a species FLEPPC Plant List Committee Florida Exotic Pest Plant Tradescantia spathacea oyster plant C, S introduced to Florida, purposefully or accidentally, from a (Rhoeo spathacea, Rhoeo discolor) natural range outside of Florida. Native – a species Patricia L. Howell, Chair 2012-2017, Broward Tribulus cistoides puncture vine, burr-nut N, C, S Council’s 2017 List of whose natural range includes Florida. Naturalized County Parks, Natural Resources and Land Vitex trifolia simple-leaf chaste tree C, S Management Section, [email protected] Washingtonia robusta Washington fan palm C, S exotic – an exotic that sustains itself outside cultivation Invasive Plant Species Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria N, C (it is still exotic; it has not “become” native). Invasive Stephen H. Brown, UF / IFAS Lee County Xanthosoma sagittifolium malanga, elephant ear N, C, S exotic – an exotic that not only has naturalized, Extension, Parks and Recreation Division, The mission of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant but is expanding on its own in Florida native plant [email protected] Council is to support the management of invasive Recent changes to plant names exotic plants in Florida’s natural areas by communities. Janice Duquesnel, Florida Park Service, Florida providing a forum for the exchange of scientific, Department of Environmental Protection, educational and technical information. Old Name New Name Abbreviations: Government List (Gov. List): [email protected] www.fleppc.org Possession, propagation, sale, and/or transport of Aleurites fordii Vernicia fordii David W.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbs, Spices and Essential Oils
    Printed in Austria V.05-91153—March 2006—300 Herbs, spices and essential oils Post-harvest operations in developing countries UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Telephone: (+43-1) 26026-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26926-69 UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE E-mail: [email protected], Internet: http://www.unido.org INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION OF THE ORGANIZATION UNITED NATIONS © UNIDO and FAO 2005 — First published 2005 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: - the Director, Agro-Industries and Sectoral Support Branch, UNIDO, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria or by e-mail to [email protected] - the Chief, Publishing Management Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected] The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization or of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary List of the Vascular Plants and Wildlife at the Village Of
    A Floristic Evaluation of the Natural Plant Communities and Grounds Occurring at The Key West Botanical Garden, Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida Steven W. Woodmansee [email protected] January 20, 2006 Submitted by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33170 George D. Gann, Executive Director Submitted to CarolAnn Sharkey Key West Botanical Garden 5210 College Road Key West, Florida 33040 and Kate Marks Heritage Preservation 1012 14th Street, NW, Suite 1200 Washington DC 20005 Introduction The Key West Botanical Garden (KWBG) is located at 5210 College Road on Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida. It is a 7.5 acre conservation area, owned by the City of Key West. The KWBG requested that The Institute for Regional Conservation (IRC) conduct a floristic evaluation of its natural areas and grounds and to provide recommendations. Study Design On August 9-10, 2005 an inventory of all vascular plants was conducted at the KWBG. All areas of the KWBG were visited, including the newly acquired property to the south. Special attention was paid toward the remnant natural habitats. A preliminary plant list was established. Plant taxonomy generally follows Wunderlin (1998) and Bailey et al. (1976). Results Five distinct habitats were recorded for the KWBG. Two of which are human altered and are artificial being classified as developed upland and modified wetland. In addition, three natural habitats are found at the KWBG. They are coastal berm (here termed buttonwood hammock), rockland hammock, and tidal swamp habitats. Developed and Modified Habitats Garden and Developed Upland Areas The developed upland portions include the maintained garden areas as well as the cleared parking areas, building edges, and paths.
    [Show full text]
  • Triterpenes in the Callus Culture of Vitex Negundo L
    Philippine Journal of Science 134 (1): 5-19, June 2005 ISSN 0031 - 7683 Triterpenes in the Callus Culture of Vitex negundo L. Marissa G. Noel1 and Fabian M. Dayrit2* 1Department of Chemistry De La Salle University, Taft Avenue, Manila 2Department of Chemistry Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City A callus line of Vitex negundo was established using explants from the leaves. The calli showed stable morphology and thin layer chromatographic (TLC) profiles over several subcultures and in a variety of culture conditions. Seven oleanane-type triterpenes were identified from the callus culture extracts. The major triterpenes (2α,3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, 2α,3α,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, and oleanolic acid) were identified using 1H and 13C NMR, MS and IR, while the minor triterpenes (2α,3α,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester, 11-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid propyl ester, 11-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid butyl ester, and β-amyrin) were identified through their EIMS fragmentations alone. A biosynthetic scheme for the formation of oleanane-type triterpenes in V. negundo is proposed. Key words: oleanane-type triterpenes, callus culture, Vitex negundo INTRODUCTION The seeds, on the other hand, have yielded different flavonoids (3’,5,7-trihydroxy-4’,6,8- Vitex negundo L. is a pantropic herb which can be trimethoxyflavone and 3’,5,7-trihydroxy-4’,6,8- found in South and Southeast Asia. Known locally in trimethoxyflavone-5-O-β-D-glucoside) (Bhargava the Philippines as “lagundi”, V. negundo is a popular 1984, 1986), steroids (β-sitosterol and daucosterol) medicinal plant that is used as an antitussive, antiasthma and triterpenes (3 β-acetoxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid; and antipyretic (Quisumbing 1978, Pardo de Tavera 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Antineoplastic Potential of the Vitex Species: an Overview
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas BOLETÍN LATINOAMERICANO Y DEL CARIBE DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES Y AROMÁTICAS 17 (5): 492 - 502 (2018) © / ISSN 0717 7917 / www.blacpma.usach.cl Revisión | Review Antineoplastic potential of the Vitex species: An overview [Potencial antineoplásico de la especie Vitex: una visión general] Manisha Nigam1, Sarla Saklani2, Sergey Plygun3,4 & Abhay Prakash Mishra2 1Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India 3All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow Region, Russia 4European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Basel, Switzerland Contactos | Contacts: Abhay Prakash MISHRA - E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: Irrespective of progressive treatments, cancer remains to have the utmost rate of treatment failure due to numerous reasons associated. In recent years, the use of traditional medicine in cancer research has established considerable interest. Natural products represent an amazing source for cancer therapy and combating associated side-effects. More than thousand plants have been found to possess significant anticancer properties. Vitex is the largest genus in the family Lamiaceae which comprises 250 species distributed throughout world and several species have been reported to have anticancer properties. Despite a long tradition of use of some species, the genus has not been explored properly in terms of its anticancer profile. Here we are reporting the updated knowledge of the antineoplastic profile of this genus available so far.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Uses and Biological Activities of Vitex Negundo
    Review Article Medicinal uses and biological activities of Vitex negundo Vishal R Tandon Post Graduate Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics GMC, Jammu-180 001, Jammu & Kashmir, India E-mail: [email protected] Correspondence address: Plot 5/B, Near Arya Samaj Bakshi Nagar, Jammu-Tawi - 180 001, Jammu & Kashmir, India Abstract surface of the leaves are green and the lower surface are silvery in colour. Flower bluish purple, black when ripe, whereas Vitex negundo Linn. is credited with innumerable medicinal activities roots cylindrical, long woody, tortuous like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, bronchial relaxant, with grey brown colour (Prasad & Wahi, hepatoprotective, etc. The ethanolic extract of leaves has been found safe as LD 50 1965). The plant can grow on nutritionally dose (by oral route) of it was recorded in non-toxic dose range. Larger trials are poor soil. required to prove its all activities before it is recommended in future for clinical use, but it carries a great potential to be developed as a drug by the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper general medicinal uses and pharmacological activities of Medicinal Uses various parts of the plant have been reviewed. Plant is bitter, acrid, astringent, Keywords: Vitex negundo, Sambhalu, Nirgundi, Medicinal uses, Analgesic, cephalic, stomachic, antiseptic, alterant, Antiinflammatory, Anticonvulsant, Antioxidant, Insecticidal, Pesticidal. thermogenic, depurative, rejuvenating, ophthalmic, anti-gonorrhoeic, IPC code; Int. cl.7 ⎯ A61K 35/78,
    [Show full text]