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Weed Risk Assessment for Vitex Rotundifolia L. F. (Lamiaceae)
Weed Risk Assessment for Vitex United States rotundifolia L. f. (Lamiaceae) – Beach Department of Agriculture vitex Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service June 4, 2013 Version 2 Left: Infestation in South Carolina growing down to water line and with runners and fruit stripped by major winter storm (Randy Westbrooks, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org). Right: A runner with flowering shoots (Forest and Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org). Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Weed Risk Assessment for Vitex rotundifolia Introduction Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) regulates noxious weeds under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000) and the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610, 1939). A noxious weed is defined as “any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (including nursery stock or plant products), livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment” (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000). We use weed risk assessment (WRA)—specifically, the PPQ WRA model (Koop et al., 2012)—to evaluate the risk potential of plants, including those newly detected in the United States, those proposed for import, and those emerging as weeds elsewhere in the world. Because the PPQ WRA model is geographically and climatically neutral, it can be used to evaluate the baseline invasive/weed potential of any plant species for the entire United States or for any area within it. -
Medicinal Plants Research
V O L U M E -III Glimpses of CCRAS Contributions (50 Glorious Years) MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Glimpses of CCRAS contributions (50 Glorious years) VOLUME-III MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi MiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll © Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi - 110058 First Edition - 2018 Publisher: Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, J. L. N. B. C. A. H. Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D-Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110 058, E-mail: [email protected], Website : www.ccras.nic.in ISBN : 978-93-83864-27-0 Disclaimer: All possible efforts have been made to ensure the correctness of the contents. However Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, shall not be accountable for any inadvertent error in the content. Corrective measures shall be taken up once such errors are brought -
Studies on Analysis of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Vitex Negundo Linn
Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2017; 9(6); 833-839 DOI number: 10.25258/phyto.v9i6.8187 ISSN: 0975-4873 Research Article Studies on Analysis of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Vitex negundo Linn. Ved Prakash*, Shelly Rana, Anand Sagar Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, (H.P.) 171005, India Received: 19th April, 17; Revised 3rd June, 17, Accepted: 15th June, 17; Available Online:25th June, 2017 ABSTRACT The current study was designed to investigate the leaf extracts of Vitex negundo Linn. for their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory (α-amylae and urease) activity. The antioxidant capacity of the different extracts (methanol, acetone and aqueous) of this plant was evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and reducing power tests. The plant exhibited good DPPH radical scavenging activity and moderate reducing power potential Further, all the extracts of V. negundo were reported to possess good anti-alpha amylase and anti-urease activity of greater than 50% in all the solvents used at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Thus the study provided scientific evidence to the traditional uses of this plant in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, ulcers, kidney stones etc. Therefore, the leaf extracts of this plant can be selected for further investigation to determine their therapeutic potential. Keywords: Vitex negundo, leaf extracts, DPPH, reducing power, α-amylase, urease. INTRODUCTION mainly attributed to phenolic compounds such as Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands flavonoids and phenolic acids9. Phenolic compounds from of years and a sufficient number of modern drugs have medicinal plants exhibit strong antioxidant activity and been derived from natural sources, many of these may help to protect the cells against the oxidative damage isolations were based on the use of these agents in caused by free radicals10. -
(Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae) Using Two DNA Barcode Markers
J Biosci (2020)45:96 Ó Indian Academy of Sciences DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00061-2 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) Re-evaluation of the phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation of two closely related families (Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae) using two DNA barcode markers 1 2 3 OOOYEBANJI *, E C CHUKWUMA ,KABOLARINWA , 4 5 6 OIADEJOBI ,SBADEYEMI and A O AYOOLA 1Department of Botany, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria 2Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI), Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria 3Department of Education Science (Biology Unit), Distance Learning Institute, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria 4Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria 5Ethnobotany Unit, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria 6Department of Ecotourism and Wildlife Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria *Corresponding author (Email, [email protected]) MS received 21 September 2019; accepted 27 May 2020 The families Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae comprise several closely related species that possess high mor- phological synapomorphic traits. Hence, there is a tendency of species misidentification using only the mor- phological characters. Herein, we evaluated the discriminatory power of the universal DNA barcodes (matK and rbcL) for 53 species spanning the two families. Using these markers, we inferred phylogenetic relation- ships and conducted species delimitation analysis using four delimitation methods: Automated Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), TaxonDNA, Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP) and General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC). The phylogenetic reconstruction based on the matK gene resolved the relationships between the families and further suggested the expansion of the Lamiaceae to include some core Verbanaceae genus, e.g., Gmelina. -
Vitex Trifolia ‘Variegata’1
Fact Sheet FPS-611 October, 1999 Vitex trifolia ‘Variegata’1 Edward F. Gilman2 Introduction This fast growing shrub is popular for its variegated foliage and pretty blue flowers (Fig. 1). Vitex will reach a height of 10 to 12 feet and quickly becomes tree-like if neglected or trained to encourage multi-trunk development. However, this plant creates a nice, dense shrub if it is properly pruned and will be nearly prostrate if planted on a sandy beach. The trifoliate evergreen leaves are gray-green with white marginal variegation. These soft leaves have grayish pubescence on their underside and smell pungent when crushed. Attractive blue or lavender flowers with white spots appear in terminal clusters during the summertime. These beautiful flowers are followed by small, brown drupes. General Information Scientific name: Vitex trifolia ‘Variegata’ Pronunciation: VYE-tecks try-FOLE-lee-uh Common name(s): Variegated Vitex Family: Verbenaceae Plant type: shrub Figure 1. Variegated Vitex. USDA hardiness zones: 9B through 11 (Fig. 2) Planting month for zone 9: year round Planting month for zone 10 and 11: year round Description Origin: not native to North America Height: 10 to 20 feet Uses: hedge; border; mass planting; container or above-ground Spread: 8 to 12 feet planter; trained as a standard Plant habit: round Availablity: somewhat available, may have to go out of the Plant density: dense region to find the plant Growth rate: fast Texture: fine 1.This document is Fact Sheet FPS-611, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. -
Florida Exotic Pest Plant Councils 2017 List Of
CATEGORY II (continued) Gov. The 2017 list was prepared by the Scientific Name** Common Name List Zone FLEPPC List Definitions: Exotic – a species FLEPPC Plant List Committee Florida Exotic Pest Plant Tradescantia spathacea oyster plant C, S introduced to Florida, purposefully or accidentally, from a (Rhoeo spathacea, Rhoeo discolor) natural range outside of Florida. Native – a species Patricia L. Howell, Chair 2012-2017, Broward Tribulus cistoides puncture vine, burr-nut N, C, S Council’s 2017 List of whose natural range includes Florida. Naturalized County Parks, Natural Resources and Land Vitex trifolia simple-leaf chaste tree C, S Management Section, [email protected] Washingtonia robusta Washington fan palm C, S exotic – an exotic that sustains itself outside cultivation Invasive Plant Species Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria N, C (it is still exotic; it has not “become” native). Invasive Stephen H. Brown, UF / IFAS Lee County Xanthosoma sagittifolium malanga, elephant ear N, C, S exotic – an exotic that not only has naturalized, Extension, Parks and Recreation Division, The mission of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant but is expanding on its own in Florida native plant [email protected] Council is to support the management of invasive Recent changes to plant names exotic plants in Florida’s natural areas by communities. Janice Duquesnel, Florida Park Service, Florida providing a forum for the exchange of scientific, Department of Environmental Protection, educational and technical information. Old Name New Name Abbreviations: Government List (Gov. List): [email protected] www.fleppc.org Possession, propagation, sale, and/or transport of Aleurites fordii Vernicia fordii David W. -
Herbs, Spices and Essential Oils
Printed in Austria V.05-91153—March 2006—300 Herbs, spices and essential oils Post-harvest operations in developing countries UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Telephone: (+43-1) 26026-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26926-69 UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE E-mail: [email protected], Internet: http://www.unido.org INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION OF THE ORGANIZATION UNITED NATIONS © UNIDO and FAO 2005 — First published 2005 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: - the Director, Agro-Industries and Sectoral Support Branch, UNIDO, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria or by e-mail to [email protected] - the Chief, Publishing Management Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected] The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization or of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
A Preliminary List of the Vascular Plants and Wildlife at the Village Of
A Floristic Evaluation of the Natural Plant Communities and Grounds Occurring at The Key West Botanical Garden, Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida Steven W. Woodmansee [email protected] January 20, 2006 Submitted by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33170 George D. Gann, Executive Director Submitted to CarolAnn Sharkey Key West Botanical Garden 5210 College Road Key West, Florida 33040 and Kate Marks Heritage Preservation 1012 14th Street, NW, Suite 1200 Washington DC 20005 Introduction The Key West Botanical Garden (KWBG) is located at 5210 College Road on Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida. It is a 7.5 acre conservation area, owned by the City of Key West. The KWBG requested that The Institute for Regional Conservation (IRC) conduct a floristic evaluation of its natural areas and grounds and to provide recommendations. Study Design On August 9-10, 2005 an inventory of all vascular plants was conducted at the KWBG. All areas of the KWBG were visited, including the newly acquired property to the south. Special attention was paid toward the remnant natural habitats. A preliminary plant list was established. Plant taxonomy generally follows Wunderlin (1998) and Bailey et al. (1976). Results Five distinct habitats were recorded for the KWBG. Two of which are human altered and are artificial being classified as developed upland and modified wetland. In addition, three natural habitats are found at the KWBG. They are coastal berm (here termed buttonwood hammock), rockland hammock, and tidal swamp habitats. Developed and Modified Habitats Garden and Developed Upland Areas The developed upland portions include the maintained garden areas as well as the cleared parking areas, building edges, and paths. -
Triterpenes in the Callus Culture of Vitex Negundo L
Philippine Journal of Science 134 (1): 5-19, June 2005 ISSN 0031 - 7683 Triterpenes in the Callus Culture of Vitex negundo L. Marissa G. Noel1 and Fabian M. Dayrit2* 1Department of Chemistry De La Salle University, Taft Avenue, Manila 2Department of Chemistry Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City A callus line of Vitex negundo was established using explants from the leaves. The calli showed stable morphology and thin layer chromatographic (TLC) profiles over several subcultures and in a variety of culture conditions. Seven oleanane-type triterpenes were identified from the callus culture extracts. The major triterpenes (2α,3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, 2α,3α,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, and oleanolic acid) were identified using 1H and 13C NMR, MS and IR, while the minor triterpenes (2α,3α,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester, 11-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid propyl ester, 11-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid butyl ester, and β-amyrin) were identified through their EIMS fragmentations alone. A biosynthetic scheme for the formation of oleanane-type triterpenes in V. negundo is proposed. Key words: oleanane-type triterpenes, callus culture, Vitex negundo INTRODUCTION The seeds, on the other hand, have yielded different flavonoids (3’,5,7-trihydroxy-4’,6,8- Vitex negundo L. is a pantropic herb which can be trimethoxyflavone and 3’,5,7-trihydroxy-4’,6,8- found in South and Southeast Asia. Known locally in trimethoxyflavone-5-O-β-D-glucoside) (Bhargava the Philippines as “lagundi”, V. negundo is a popular 1984, 1986), steroids (β-sitosterol and daucosterol) medicinal plant that is used as an antitussive, antiasthma and triterpenes (3 β-acetoxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid; and antipyretic (Quisumbing 1978, Pardo de Tavera 2000). -
Antineoplastic Potential of the Vitex Species: an Overview
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas BOLETÍN LATINOAMERICANO Y DEL CARIBE DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES Y AROMÁTICAS 17 (5): 492 - 502 (2018) © / ISSN 0717 7917 / www.blacpma.usach.cl Revisión | Review Antineoplastic potential of the Vitex species: An overview [Potencial antineoplásico de la especie Vitex: una visión general] Manisha Nigam1, Sarla Saklani2, Sergey Plygun3,4 & Abhay Prakash Mishra2 1Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India 3All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow Region, Russia 4European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Basel, Switzerland Contactos | Contacts: Abhay Prakash MISHRA - E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: Irrespective of progressive treatments, cancer remains to have the utmost rate of treatment failure due to numerous reasons associated. In recent years, the use of traditional medicine in cancer research has established considerable interest. Natural products represent an amazing source for cancer therapy and combating associated side-effects. More than thousand plants have been found to possess significant anticancer properties. Vitex is the largest genus in the family Lamiaceae which comprises 250 species distributed throughout world and several species have been reported to have anticancer properties. Despite a long tradition of use of some species, the genus has not been explored properly in terms of its anticancer profile. Here we are reporting the updated knowledge of the antineoplastic profile of this genus available so far. -
Medicinal Uses and Biological Activities of Vitex Negundo
Review Article Medicinal uses and biological activities of Vitex negundo Vishal R Tandon Post Graduate Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics GMC, Jammu-180 001, Jammu & Kashmir, India E-mail: [email protected] Correspondence address: Plot 5/B, Near Arya Samaj Bakshi Nagar, Jammu-Tawi - 180 001, Jammu & Kashmir, India Abstract surface of the leaves are green and the lower surface are silvery in colour. Flower bluish purple, black when ripe, whereas Vitex negundo Linn. is credited with innumerable medicinal activities roots cylindrical, long woody, tortuous like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, bronchial relaxant, with grey brown colour (Prasad & Wahi, hepatoprotective, etc. The ethanolic extract of leaves has been found safe as LD 50 1965). The plant can grow on nutritionally dose (by oral route) of it was recorded in non-toxic dose range. Larger trials are poor soil. required to prove its all activities before it is recommended in future for clinical use, but it carries a great potential to be developed as a drug by the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper general medicinal uses and pharmacological activities of Medicinal Uses various parts of the plant have been reviewed. Plant is bitter, acrid, astringent, Keywords: Vitex negundo, Sambhalu, Nirgundi, Medicinal uses, Analgesic, cephalic, stomachic, antiseptic, alterant, Antiinflammatory, Anticonvulsant, Antioxidant, Insecticidal, Pesticidal. thermogenic, depurative, rejuvenating, ophthalmic, anti-gonorrhoeic, IPC code; Int. cl.7 ⎯ A61K 35/78, -
Natural Products As a Source for Treating Neglected Parasitic Diseases
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 3395-3439; doi:10.3390/ijms14023395 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Review Natural Products as a Source for Treating Neglected Parasitic Diseases Dieudonné Ndjonka 1,†, Ludmila Nakamura Rapado 2,†, Ariel M. Silber 2, Eva Liebau 3,* and Carsten Wrenger 2,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, B. P. 454, Cameroon; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Unit for Drug Discovery, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil; E-Mails: [email protected] (L.N.R.); [email protected] (A.M.S.) 3 Institute for Zoophysiology, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.L.); [email protected] (C.W.); Tel.: +49-251-83-21710 (E.L.); +55-11-3091-7335 (C.W.); Fax: +49-251-83-21766 (E.L.); +55-11-3091-7417 (C.W.). Received: 21 December 2012; in revised form: 12 January 2013 / Accepted: 16 January 2013 / Published: 6 February 2013 Abstract: Infectious diseases caused by parasites are a major threat for the entire mankind, especially in the tropics. More than 1 billion people world-wide are directly exposed to tropical parasites such as the causative agents of trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, which represent a major health problem, particularly in impecunious areas. Unlike most antibiotics, there is no “general” antiparasitic drug available.