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In the Tropical Western Atlantic: I. Colombia and Venezuela

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In the Tropical Western Atlantic: I. Colombia and Venezuela BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 33(4): 881-898, 1983 GENUS POLYSIPHONIA (RHODOPHYTA, CERAMIALES) IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN ATLANTIC: I. COLOMBIA AND VENEZUELA Donald F. Kapraun, Andres J. Lemus and German Bula-Meyer ABSTRACT Keys, illustrations, and descriptions are provided for 10 species of Polysiphonia from the Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela: p, atlantica. P. binneyi, P. denudata. p, east- woodae, P. Jerulacea, P. jlaccidissima, P. havanensis. p, howei, P. sphaerocarpa and P. sub- tilissima. Five of these species are newly reported for the study area. Comparisons are made with descriptions for these species elsewhere, and taxonomic and phytogeographic conclusions given. Twenty-two species of Polysiphonia. exclusive of cool temperate species which occur in the Carolinas and Bermuda, are known from the warm temperate and tropical waters of the western Atlantic (Taylor, 1960; 1976; Wynne and Edwards, 1970; Cordeiro-Marino and Oliveira F., 1970; Brauner, 1975; Oliveira F. and Ugadim, 1976; Kapraun, 1977b; 1979a; 1980a; Kapraun and Norris, 1982). De- spite the increased efforts of the past decade, there are still no published accounts of the taxonomically important morphological features for many of these species, including some of the most commonly reported. The present study of Polysiphonia from Colombia and Venezuela (part 1),along with a complementary investigation of this genus from other western Atlantic sites which will be published separately (part II), is intended to provide these details for both previously known and newly reported species in the western Atlantic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysiphonia material for this study was collected from a wide range of habitats in Venezuela (Fig. I) and Colombia (Fig. 2) by Andres J. Lemus and German Bula-Meyer, respectively, Specimens studied are deposited in the UNC-Wilmington (WNC) Herbarium as karo slides and/or dried speci- mens. Descriptions and camera lucida drawings herein presented are based solely on specimens from this study. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF POLYSIPHONIA IN CARIBBEAN VENEZUELA AND COLOMBIA Ia. Peri central cells 5 or more .. , 2 lb. Pericentral cells 4 ,................................. 3 2a. Pericentral cells 5-6 .. P. denudata 2b. Pericentral cells 10-12 P. howei 3a. Branches arising in axils of trichoblasts 4 3b. Branches replacing trichoblasts 6 4a. Plants with a creeping base or extensive decumbent branch system; main axes less than 150 Itm diam 5 4b. Plants primarily erect; main axes 200-300 Itm diam .. P. binneyi 5a. Main axes 100-150 Itm diam; rhizoids in open connection with pericentral cells .. P. havanensis 5b. Main axes 80-100 Itm diam; rhizoids cut off from pericentral cells P. j/accidissima 6a. Rhizoids in open connection with pericentral cells 7 6b. Rhizoids cut off from pericentral cells _.._.._............... 8 881 882 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE. VOL. 33. NO.4. 1983 15 to 76 75 MAR CARIBE o STA. LUCIA ,J ,. MAR CARIBE !J GFlENADA ,2" "'. TOBAGO ?? ~'... 200KM 9' 00' 63' Figure I. (Left) Map of the northeast coast of Venezuela showing collection sites. I. Bahia de Mo- chima, 2. Cumana, 3. Patao, 4. Macuro, 5. Cariaquito, 6. Punta Piedras, 7. Punta Sabaneta. Figure 2. (Right) Map of the Colombian coast in the region of Cartagena-Santa Marta showing collection sites. I. Isla del Tesoro, 2. Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta, 3. La Lorna, 4. Punta Gloria, 5. Rodadero, 6. Santa Marta, 7. Ensenada de Concha, 8. Ensenada de Chengue, 9. Ensenada dc Gayraca, 10. Ensenada de Nenguange. 7a. Plants minute, less than I em tall, with main axes less than 60 !Lm diam; branches developing unilaterally from prostrate axes, giving a dorsiventral habit P. atlantica 7b. Plants to 4 em tall, main axes to 150 !Lm diam; branches developing radially from both prostrate and erect axes.... .. .. P. subtilissima Sa. Plants small, to 1.5 cm tall, main filaments less than 120 !Lm diam; often epiphytic, erect filaments arising from a discoid base P. sphaerocarpa 8b. Plants larger, to 5 cm tall, main axes to 250!Lm diam; erect filaments from entangled decumbent branches .. _....................... 9 9a. Segments in main axes 0.5 diam long; branchlets short, distinctly spindle-shaped with con- stricted bases .. P. ferulacea 9b. Segments in main axes 1-·2 diam long; branchlets elongate, hardly narrowed at the base . .............................. P. eastwoodae Polysiphonia atlantica Kapraun and Norris Figures 41 and 42 P. atlantica Kapraun and Norris 1982: 226. P. macrocarpa Harvey in MacKay 1836: 206 [non Polysiphonia macrocarpa (c. Agardh) Sprengel IS27: 350]. Description. - Plants minute to 1 cm tall, creeping, entangled with other algae, reddish-brown to black; erect filaments sparingly subdichotomously branched; branches in erect filaments replacing trichoblasts in development; segments to 60 JJmdiam, to 2 diam long; pericentral cells 4; trichoblasts scarce, with one division; apical cell conspicuous; prostrate axes to 60 JJm diam; erect axes arising endog- enously, or exogenously from apical primordia with delayed development; rhi- zoids abundant, one per segment, forming from the middle of pericentral cells and remaining in open connection with them. Type- Locality. - PortS1.ewart, Miltown Malbay, Ireland. Distribution. - Western Atlantic (Taylor, 1960; Dawes, 1974; Oliveira Filho and KAPRAUN ET AL.: POLYSIPIIONIA IN THE WESTERN ATLANTIC 883 Ugadim, 1976; Kapraun, 1977b; 1979b; Kapraun and Norris, 1982), temperate eastern Atlantic (Batten, 1923; Ardre, 1970). This species is newly reported from the study area. Specimens Studied.- Venezuela: Bahia de Mochima (Lemus, 3 July 1979, WNC 14384). Irapa, Golfo de Paria (Lemus, 19 June 1976, WNC 12166). Cariaquito, Golfo de Pari a (Lemus, 17 June 1976, WNC 12167). Remarks.-Kapraun and Norris (1982) proposed a new name, P. atlantica, be- cause the taxon P. macrocarpa Harvey in Mackay (1836) is invalid (Womersley, 1979), being a later homonym of P. macrocarpa (c. Agardh) Sprengel (1827: 350). Specimens obtained in this study are comparable with material from the Harvey Herbarium (Babbacom be, nearTorbay [Torquay], Devonshire, England, Sept. 1845, US 66490, and Batcombe, Dorsetshire, England, 1836, US 66491). However, a cystocarpic specimen issued with the Danicis Indiae Occidentalis exsiccata as P. macrocarpa (F. B0rgesen, St. Croix, Christiansted, 21 Jan. 1896, MICH s.n.) was determined to be Polysiphonia subtilissima. Although B0rgesen's illustrations for 'Po macrocarpa' (1918, figs. 272-276) are in close agreement with those of Harvey (1846, as P. pulvinata Spreng.) and Batten (1923, figs. 12-14) and ours for P. atlantica, his species description is in variance in some important respects (e.g., plant height and filament diameter, suggesting the possibility that P. subtilissima was included in his species concept of'P. macrocarpd' This supposition is further strengthened when one considers that B0rgesen (1918; 1924) never reported P. subtilissima from the West Indies where it is abundant and wide-spread. Womersley (1979) suggested that Polysiphonia atlantica (as P. macrocarpa) and P. subtilissima are closely related. Studies of these taxa in the western Atlantic, however, have shown them to have distinct developmental patterns. Whereas Polysiphonia subtilissima has radial development of branches in prostrate axes, P. atlantica gives rise to unilateral filaments from prostrate axes, producing a dorsiventral habit (Kapraun, 1977b; 1979b). Polysiphonia binneyi Harvey Figures 3-6 P. binneyi Harvey 1853: 37. Description.-Plants small, to 3 em tall from a discoid base; branching pseudo- dichotomous below, alternate above; lower portions of main axes attached to the substratum by rhizoids which remain in open connection with the pericentral cells; pericentral cells 4; main axes 200-300 ~m diam; segments about 1 diam long below, 1.5-2.0 diam tall above; branches developing in axils oftrichoblasts; branch apices blunt, nearly obscured by numerous persistent highly branched trichoblasts; adventitious trichoblasts developing freely from scar cells in older branches; spermatangial branches cylindrical, about 50 x 200 Mm,often with 2- 3 sterile tip cells, and with subtending trichoblasts; pericarps spherical, about 250 ~m diam, opening by a wide ostiole; tetrasporangia swollen, to 70 ~m diam, in short spiral series. Type- Locality. - Key West, Florida. Distribution. - Tropical western Atlantic (Howe, 1920; Chapman, 1963; Taylor, 1960; 1969; 1976; Taylor and Bernatowicz, 1969; Mathieson and Dawes, 1975). Specimens Studied.-Colombia: Ensenada de Concha (Bula-Meyer, 26 July 1979, WNC 12158). En- senada de Chengue (Bula-Meyer, IS June 1979, WNC 14380). 884 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 33, NO, 4, 1983 4 Figures 3-6. Po{ysiphonia binneyi. Fig. 3. Discoidal base with rhizoids in open connection with pericentral cells. Fig. 4. Tetrasporangia. Fig. 5. Spermatangial branches. Fig. 6. Pericarp and adven- titious trichoblasts. Figs. 3, 5, 6: Scale = 100 !Lm. Fig. 4: Scale = 50 !Lm. Remarks. -Polysiphonia binneyi is clearly distinguished from P. havanensis, the other species encountered in this study which has branches developing in the axils of trichoblasts and continuous connection of rhizoids with pericentral cells. In contrast to Polysiphonia binneyi, P. havanensis develops erect axes from an ex- tensive prostrate system, has spermatangial branches mostly without sterile tip cells, broadly oval pericarps, and tetrasporangia in long spiral series. KAPRAUN ET AL.: POt YSIPfIONIA IN THE WESTERN ATLANTIC 885 Polysiphonia denudata (Dillwyn) Greville
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