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Grasses of Oklahoma
osu p.llaotten Technical Bulletin No. 3 October, 1938 OKLABOJIA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL ExPERIMENT STATION Lippert S. Ellis, Acting Director GRASSES OF OKLAHOMA By B. I. FEATHERLY Professor of Botany and Plant Pathology Stillwater, Oklahoma Technical Bulletin No. 3 October, 1938 OKLAHOMA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Lippert S. Ellis. Acting Director GRASSES OF OI(LAHO~lA By H. I. FEATHERLY Professor of Botany and Plant Pathology Stillwater, Oklahoma ERRATA Page 6, No. 6: For "Leptochlea" read "Leptochloa." Page 10, No. 3 (second line): For "E. colona" read "E. colonum." Page 11, in "Distribution" of Phalaris caroliniana (Walt.): For "Ste-.vens" read "Stevens." Page 23, No. 2b: J:o"'or "Elymus canadensis ar. brachystachys" read "Elymus canadensis var. brachystachys." Page 28: For "Cynodon Dactylon ... etc." read "Cynodon dactylon (I,.) Pers. (Capriola dactylon Kuntz.) Bermuda G1·ass." Page 41, No. 13: For "Aristida divaricata Humb. and Bonnl." read "Aristida divaricata Humb. and Bonpl." Page 65, No. 3: For "Triodia clongata" read "Triodia elongata." Page 67. No. 11 (thud linel: For "ekels" read "keels." Page 71, No. 9 and Fig 81: For "Eragrostis sessilispicata" read "EragTostis sessilispica." Page 84, first line at top of page: For Melica nitens (Nutt.)'' re~d '?tE:cH~·a nH:ens CSc-;:itn.) !-Iutt." Page 106, No. 12, third line of description: For "within white margins" read "with white margins." Page 117. No. 2: l',or "Erianthus ... etc." read "Erianthus alopecuroides (L.) Ell. (E. divaricatus (L.) Hitchc.) Silver Plume-grass." Fage 123, No. 8: For "(A. torreanus Steud.)" read "A. tor rey:Jnus Steuc1.)" PREFACE The grass family needs no introduction. -
Herbage Dynamics and Forage Quality of Texas Cupgrass (Eriochloa Sericea)
Herbage Dynamics and Forage Quality of Texas Cupgrass (Eriochloa sericea) R.B. SHAW AND F.E. SMEINS munity of the Edwards Plateu, Texas. Dyksterhuis (1946) referred AbStnCt to this species as a secondary climax species of lowland sites on the Herbage dynamics and forage quality of Texas cupgrass (Eli- Fort Worth Prairie. Collins et al. (1975) described this species as a octi sericea) were monitored during the 1977 and 1978 growing climax dominant on the Blackland Prairies vegetation area of seasons on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. This species was dominant Texas, where it approached 25% of the herbaceous composition by on a shallow rocky range site wbicb bad been excluded from weight on some Blackland sites. Smeins et al. (1976) found Texas grazing for 30 years. Average herbage production was low (527 cupgrass had an absolute foliar cover in excess of 40% on deep soil kg/ha), and mulch constituted 85% of the total biomass. Peak live areas in grazing exclosures on the Edwards Plateau near Sonora. standing crop was only 145 kg/ha during the study. Green herbage Historical data showed that 10 years was required for Texas cup- production reflectedthe ability of this taxon to adjust phenologicai grass to become reestablished following protection from heavy stage in response to precipitation. Litterbag studies showed continuous grazing. However, it tripled in abundance during the decomposition rates of herbage held flat on the soii surface to be second IO-year period of protection (Smeins et al. 1976). twice as rapid as herbage held upright in clumps of Texas cupgrass. Taylor et al. -
Rebecca K. Swadek Tony L. Burgess
THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS WALNUT FORMATION Rebecca K. Swadek Tony L. Burgess Texas Christian University Texas Christian University Department of Environmental Science Department of Environmental Science Botanical Research Institute of Texas TCU Box 298830 1700 University Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76129, U.S.A. Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Political boundaries frequently define local floras. This floristic project takes a geological approach inspired by Dalea reverchonii (Comanche Peak prairie clover), which is primarily endemic to glades of the Walnut Formation. The Cretaceous Walnut Formation (Comanchean) lies on the drier western edge of the Fort Worth Prairie in North Central Texas. Its shallow limestone soils, formed from alternating layers of hard limestone and clayey marl, support a variety of habitats. Glades of barren limestone typically appear on ridgetops, grassland savannas form on eroding hillslopes, and seeps support diverse hyperseasonal vegetation. Vouchers were collected from January 2010 to June 2012 resulting in 469 infraspecific taxa, 453 species in 286 genera and 79 families. The richest five plant families are Asteraceae (74 taxa), Poa- ceae (73), Fabaceae (34), Euphorbiaceae (18), and Cyperaceae (17). There are 61 introduced species. Results indicate floristic affinities to limestone cedar glades of the Southeastern United States, the Edwards Plateau of Central Texas, and calcareous Apacherian Savannas of Southwestern North America. RESUMEN Las fronteras políticas definen frecuentemente las floras locales. Este proyecto florístico toma una aproximación geológica inspirada en Dalea reverchonii (trébol de la paradera de Comanche Peak), que es primariamente endémico de los claros de la formación Walnut. -
Grasses of the Texas Hill Country: Vegetative Key and Descriptions
Hagenbuch, K.W. and D.E. Lemke. 2015. Grasses of the Texas Hill Country: Vegetative key and descriptions. Phytoneuron 2015-4: 1–93. Published 7 January 2015. ISSN 2153 733X GRASSES OF THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY: VEGETATIVE KEY AND DESCRIPTIONS KARL W. HAGENBUCH Department of Biological Sciences San Antonio College 1300 San Pedro Avenue San Antonio, Texas 78212-4299 [email protected] DAVID E. LEMKE Department of Biology Texas State University 601 University Drive San Marcos, Texas 78666-4684 [email protected] ABSTRACT A key and a set of descriptions, based solely on vegetative characteristics, is provided for the identification of 66 genera and 160 grass species, both native and naturalized, of the Texas Hill Country. The principal characters used (features of longevity, growth form, roots, rhizomes and stolons, culms, leaf sheaths, collars, auricles, ligules, leaf blades, vernation, vestiture, and habitat) are discussed and illustrated. This treatment should prove useful at times when reproductive material is not available. Because of its size and variation in environmental conditions, Texas provides habitat for well over 700 species of grasses (Shaw 2012). For identification purposes, the works of Correll and Johnston (1970); Gould (1975) and, more recently, Shaw (2012) treat Texas grasses in their entirety. In addition to these comprehensive works, regional taxonomic treatments have been done for the grasses of the Cross Timbers and Prairies (Hignight et al. 1988), the South Texas Brush Country (Lonard 1993; Everitt et al. 2011), the Gulf Prairies and Marshes (Hatch et al. 1999), and the Trans-Pecos (Powell 1994) natural regions. In these, as well as in numerous other manuals and keys, accurate identification of grass species depends on the availability of reproductive material. -
Comment (2) of Ross Melinchuk on Behalf of Texas Parks and Wildlife
HULY'VjVLCIVES ~7r~ ~~/2 November 5, 2010 ~NOV~F I Ac 'N- 8:5 3 UEAPAKU Life's better outside.: Ms. Cindy K. Bladey Chief, Rulemaking and Directives Branch R .HF\Ac:D Commissioners Office of Administration Mail Stop: TWB-05-BOIM Peter M.Holt Chairman U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission San Antonio Washington, DC 20555-0001 T. Dan Friedkin Vice-Chairman Houston RE: Proposed Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plants Units 3 and 4 Combined Mark E. Bivins Amarillo License Application Review, Draft Environmental Impact Statement Ralph H. Duggins (DEIS), Somervell and Hood Counties Fort Worth Antonio Falcon, M.D. Rio Grande City Dear Ms. Bladey: Karen J. Hixon San Antonio Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) received the August 6, 2010 Dan Allen Hughes, Jr. notification for issuance of and request for comment on the above-referenced Beeville DEIS. The notification was submitted in accordance with the National Margaret Martin Boerne Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (NEPA), and the Fish and S. Reed Morian Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934, as amended. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Houston (NRC) prepared the DEIS as part of its review of Luminant Generation Company Lee M. Bass Chairman-Emeritus LLC (Luminant) application for combined licenses for construction and operation Fort Worth of two new nuclear units at its existing Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant (CPNPP) site near Glen Rose, Texas. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Fort Worth Carter R Smith District (USACE) is a cooperating agency in the DEIS so that the EIS can be used Executive Director to decide on issuance of permits pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act. -
Class Monocotyledonae
ACORUS/ACORACEAE 1077 CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONAE Plants usually herbaceous—in other words, lacking regular secondary thickening (except Palmaceae, Smilacaceae, most Agavaceae, and a few Poaceae); seedlings usually with 1 seed leaf or cotyledon; stems or branches elongating by apical growth and also by growth of basal por- tion of internodes; leaves when present alternate, whorled, basal, or rarely opposite, elongating by basal growth (readily seen on spring-flowering bulbs whose leaf-tips have been frozen back); leaf blades usually with parallel or concentrically curved veins, these unbranched or with inconspicuous, short, transverse connectives (leaves net-veined or with prominent midrib and spreading side-veins parallel with each other in Alismataceae, Araceae, Smilacaceae, Marantaceae, and some Orchidaceae); perianth with dissimilar inner and outer whorls (petals and sepals), or all parts about alike (tepals), the parianth parts separate or united, commonly in 3s, less often in 2s, rarely in 5s, or perianth of scales or bristles, or entirely absent. AWorldwide, the Monocotyledonae is a group composed of ca. 55,800 species in 2,652 genera arranged in 84 families (Mabberley 1997); 25 of these families occur in nc TX. The monocots appear to be a well-supported monophyletic group derived from within the monosulcate Magnoliidae group of dicots (Chase et al. 1993; Duvall et al. 1993; Qiu et al. 1993). From the cla- distic standpoint, the dicots are therefore paraphyletic and thus inappropriate for formal recog- nition (see explantion and Fig. 41 in Apendix 6). Within the monocots, Acorus appears to be the sister group to all other monocots, with the Alismataceae (and Potamogeton) being the next most basal group (Duvall et al. -
Proceedings: Shrubland Dynamics -- Fire and Water
Proceedings: Shrubland Dynamics—Fire and Water Lubbock, TX, August 10-12, 2004 United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Proceedings RMRS-P-47 July 2007 Sosebee, Ronald E.; Wester, David B.; Britton, Carlton M.; McArthur, E. Durant; Kitchen, Stanley G., comps. 2007. Proceedings: Shrubland dynamics—fire and water; 2004 August 10-12; Lubbock, TX. Proceedings RMRS-P-47. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 173 p. Abstract The 26 papers in these proceedings are divided into five sections. The first two sections are an introduction and a plenary session that introduce the principles and role of the shrub life-form in the High Plains, including the changing dynamics of shrublands and grasslands during the last four plus centuries. The remaining three sections are devoted to: fire, both prescribed fire and wildfire, in shrublands and grassland-shrubland interfac- es; water and ecophysiology shrubland ecosystems; and the ecology and population biology of several shrub species. Keywords: wildland shrubs, fire, water, ecophysiology, ecology The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or any product or service. Publisher’s note: Papers in this report were reviewed by the compilers. Rocky Mountain Research Station Publishing Services reviewed papers for format and style. Authors are responsible for content. You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media. Please specify the publication title and series number. -
Use Style: Paper Title
Volume 6, Issue 2, February – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Advent of Calathea Plants and Its Taxonomy Amidst Covid19 Amera Casan- Malaco Sultan Kudarat State University SKSU- Tacurong City, Philippines Abstract:- People worldwide are turning to the garden to earning themselves the nicknames "plantitos and plantitas," convert their boredom and anxiety during the pandemic. or plant uncles and aunties. (Inquirer.net November 12, Calathea plants are one of those trending plants that 2020) One of the trending indoor plants is Calathea, also most plant collectors collect due to their attractive leaf known as a Prayer Plant because of its nocturnal venation. Studying its taxonomy helps to preserve its movements; at night, the plant's leaves fold upward, giving species. Thus the study entitled Advent of Calathea the appearance of praying hands. Calathea (syn. Goeppertia) Plants and Its Taxonomy Amidst Covid 19 aims to is a genus of plants belonging to the family Marantaceae. determine Calathea plants' taxonomy through the There are several dozen species in this genus. Native to the Leafsnap mobile application. Also, to assess its mental tropical Americas, many of the species are popular as pot and health benefits to those plant collectors. Ten plants due to their decorative leaves and colorful respondents were randomly selected, and pictures of inflorescences in some species. They are commonly called calathea plants were taken to process and identified in Calathes's or (like their relatives) prayer-plants. The leaf snap mobile applications. Seventeen varieties of Calathea houseplant has plenty of benefits that will make it a Calathea plants were identified from the ten favorite addition to your jungle. -
Spring 2013 Contents
Academy Greetings President and CEO: George W. Gephart, Jr. Vice President of Institutional Advancement: Amy Miller Marvin Editor: Mary Alice Hartsock Graphic Designer: Stephanie Gleit Contributing Writers: Brigette Brown, Clare Flemming, Roland Wall Academy Frontiers is a quarterly publication of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Please send questions or comments about Academy Frontiers to [email protected]. Academy membership includes a subscription to Academy Frontiers, free admission to the museum, discounts in the Academy Shop and Academy Café, invitations to special events and exhibit openings, and much more. For information about Academy membership, call 215-299-1022 or visit ansp.org/membership. Board of Trustees Dear Friends, Chair of the Board Cynthia P. Heckscher The conclusion of our 200th year represents a new beginning for the Academy. In our Trustees third century, we will weave sustainability into our institutional fabric, working diligently Peter A. Austen to promote critical evaluation of some of the most crucial environmental issues of our John F. Bales III time. We have enlisted the expertise of Resonate (page 14), a strategic sustainability Helen Y. Bowman management firm that is enabling us to construct a plan to further integrate sustainability Byron T. Clark into our public programs, budget, and internal operations. We are exploring innovative Carl S. Cutler Abbie Dean ways to help our visitors and other members of the Philadelphia community to reduce Harvey I. Forman their environmental footprints. These initiatives are the perfect additions to our renowned John A. Fry programs in biodiversity and environmental research. -
Honduran Milk Snake Many Color Morphs (Lampropeltis Triangulum Hondurensis) Exist, This Is the Standard Adult Size 2 Ft
Honduran Milk Snake Many color morphs (Lampropeltis Triangulum Hondurensis) exist, this is the standard Adult Size 2 ft. to 6 ft. depending pattern. on species Life Span 10-15 years Male/Female Differences The female has a much shorter and stubbier tale, while the male’s tail is elongated. Compatibility Milk Snakes are best kept singly. Many Milk Snake species favor other snakes as food and are notorious cannibals. Origin Subtropical lowland areas of Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Climate Tropical. Day Cycle Primarily nocturnal. Temperature The hot end of the enclosure should be 86-90°F while the cool end should be approximately 76-80ºF. During the night, the temperature should drop to a more constant overall temperature of 74-78°F. Lighting Supplemental lighting is not necessary for Milk Snakes. Full spectrum lighting however increases appetite and emotional health if used on a 12/12 cycle, meaning 12 hours on and 12 hours off. Continuous bright, overhead lighting is stressful to snakes. Make sure to provide a basking spot if one plans on using UVB lighting. Humidity 50-70% humidity. Habitat/Territory Tropical lowlands. Extremely partial to shady areas and caves. Substrate/Bedding Some viable options for substrate include; sterilized bark, cage carpet, cypress mulch, or coconut husk. Keep damp moss in about 30% of your cage located on or near your snakes hiding spot. Cage should be sprayed down once or twice day to maintain proper humidity levels. Less porous substrate is least likely to develop mite infestations and will increases ease of cleaning. Wilmette Pet Center 625 Green Bay Road, Wilmette 847-251-6750 Page 1 of 3 www.wilmettepetcenter.com Updated 11.2018 Hiding Place/Den Provide abundant plants - either artificial or real - as well as caves or hides on both ends of the tank. -
Western New York Herpetological Society
Western New York Herpetological Society www.wnyherp.org Common Name: Milk Snake Latin name: Lampropeltis triangulum Native to: Southeastern Canada to northern South America Size: From 6" to 28" for L. t. elapsoides, the Scarlet Kingsnake to 16" to 48" for L. t. gaigeae the Black Milk Snake and L. t. hondurensis, the Honduran Milk Snake. Life span: 20 + years, average is 15 years. General appearance: This species is represented by three general pattern types: tri-colored in which the snake possesses bold rings of white/ yellow, black, and red/orange, which may or may not extend onto the belly and completely encircle the snake. The other commonly encountered pattern type for this species is that of a light tan, gray or cream background color with darker red, russet or brown dorsal and lateral blotches. The last pattern type belongs only to the black milk snake L. t. gaigeae. This snake starts out tri-colored but turns into a completely patternless black snake by two years of age. Depending on the sub-species, milk snakes can be either heavy bodied (Pueblan, Black and Mexican) or slim (Sinaloan, Nelson's and Scarlet Kingsnake). Housing requirements: Enclosure: Milk snakes are secretive animals that prefer to conceal themselves. Because of their desire to squeeze into the tiniest of cracks and crevices, they are also born escape artists. Their enclosure should reflect these characteristics. The length of a milk snake's cage should be at least 2/3's of the snake’s body length and should possess multiple hiding areas. Baby milk snakes will do well in either plastic shoebox containers or small glass aquaria, 2 1/2 to 5 gallons. -
Honduran Milk Snake
Honduran Milk Snake (Lampropeltis Triangulum Hondurensis) Adult Size 2 ft. to 6 ft. depending Life Span 10-15 years on species Male/Female Differences The female has a much shorter and stubbier tale, while the male’s tail is elongated. Compatibility Milk Snakes are best kept singly. Many Milk Snake species favor other snakes as food and are notorious cannibals. Origin Subtropical lowland areas of Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Climate Tropical. Day Cycle Primarily nocturnal. Temperature The hot end of the enclosure should be 86-90°F while the cool end should be approximately 76-80°F. During the night, the temperature should drop to a more constant overall temperature of 74-78°F. Lighting Supplemental lighting is not necessary for Milk Snakes. Full spectrum lighting however increases appetite and emotional health if used on a 12/12 cycle, meaning 12 hours on and 12 hours off. Continuous bright, overhead lighting is stressful to snakes. Make sure to provide a basking spot if one plans on using UVB lighting. Humidity 50-70% humidity. Habitat/Territory Tropical lowlands. Extremely partial to shady areas and caves. Substrate/Bedding Some viable options for substrate include; sterilized bark, cage carpet, cypress mulch, or coconut husk. Keep damp moss in about 30% of your cage located on or near your snakes hiding spot. Cage should be sprayed down once or twice day to maintain proper humidity levels. Less porous substrate is least likely to develop mite infestations and will increases ease of cleaning. Hiding Place/Den Provide abundant plants - either artificial or real - as well as caves or hides on both ends of the tank.