PEERS IN PIRS: CHALLENGES & CONSIDERATIONS FOR RATING GROUPS OF POSTSECONDARY INSTITUTIONS Acknowledgements NASFAA would like to thank independent consultant Alisa Cunningham for her work on this study.

Executive Summary As the Obama Administration works to develop a new college rating system, known as the Postsecondary Institution Ratings System (PIRS), a number of the proposal’s elements have yet to be defined. According to the Department of Education (ED) the proposed system, in which institutional outcomes would ultimately be linked to student financial aid, would be based on such measures as percentage of students receiving Pell Grants, average cost of attendance, student loan debt, graduation, and transfer rates. A fact sheet released in 2013 by the White House Office of the Press Secretary noted that the ratings would compare colleges “with similar missions,” but did not provide details on how colleges would be grouped. The Department of Education has been tasked with developing and publishing the new college ratings system by the 2015-16 award year, with the goal of allocating financial aid based on the ratings by 2018, though the latter would require congressional action. Commissioned by NASFAA, this brief focuses on methods of grouping peer institutions under PIRS. At the moment, it is currently unclear whether the goal of PIRS is to provide information to students and parents, to serve as a mechanism for institutional accountability, or some combination of the two. This brief suggests, regardless of intent, that if the federal government is going to create a system of rating colleges, it is important to have valid institutional comparison groups within which comparable outcomes can be assessed.

Suggested Areas of Consideration in Peer Group Selection for PIRS In order to foster a better understanding of the challenges faced in this process, this brief provides an overview of selected research related to the designation of comparison groups in the social sciences. Using this existing research and institutional examples as a basis, NASFAA makes the case that postsecondary outcomes need to be “corrected” for inputs, such as the characteristics and backgrounds of entering students, and provides examples that speak to the feasibility of “mission” as a peer-group identifier. This type of correction is commonly referred to as “input-adjusted” metrics. NASFAA puts forward several considerations that should be taken under advisement when creating peer groups under the rating system: 1. The use of input adjustment should be utilized in comparing different institutions because it allows the examination of student outcomes while controlling for unique student and institutional factors. • Adjusting for inputs allows calculation of the “added value” of education, which is a preferable way to measure institutional performance. 2. Characteristics for peer groups should be chosen based on the goal of the comparison. • In trying to understand student outcomes, it is important to control for the characteristics of entering students, including characteristics not under the college’s control. However, if the goal is to assess institutional performance, the comparison variables might be different. For example, in order to determine the value added, academic background (SAT/ACT), student financial income (percent receiving Pell), student demographics, and institutional characteristics (e.g., enrollment, Carnegie Classification) might be used to calculate a predicted graduation rate for each institution which can then be compared to actual outcomes. • The mix of programs of varying levels and types as well as research and other institutional activities will impact outcome measures. 3. Diversity can exist even within broad categories of institutions based on mission. • As illustrated in the brief, institutions even in the same sector and state may vary widely in terms of the characteristics of their students and mix of programs. From conceptual issues about how to target audiences and outcome measures to the number of institutions to include and the availability of appropriate data, the findings in this brief illustrate some of the challenges that would be faced in trying to create valid peer comparison groups by which to rate schools’ performance. Regardless of methodology, the analysis finds it essential that some strategy be used to take into account the diversity of mission in postsecondary education and the wide differences in the background of students who attend.

2 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Introduction In August 2013, President Obama proposed a new college rating system, known as the Postsecondary Institution Ratings System (PIRS). The proposed system would include a number of outcomes and would ultimately be linked to student financial aid (Jaschik 2013; White House Office of the Press Secretary 2013). For example, students at colleges with higher ratings could be eligible for larger Pell Grants or more favorable rates on student loans. According to the proposal, colleges could receive a bonus if they enroll large numbers of Pell-eligible students. At the same time, requirements for institutions to be eligible for their students to receive federal student aid could be tougher. These elements are not well defined and would likely be clarified as the system is implemented. Although not yet determined specifically, the ratings would be based on such measures as percentage of students receiving Pell grants, average cost of attendance, student loan debt, graduation and transfer rates (ED 2013). Importantly, the ratings would compare colleges “with similar missions” (White House Office of the Press Secretary 2013). However, the details of how colleges would be grouped also are not defined. The Department of Education (ED) has been tasked to develop and publish online through the College Scorecard the new college ratings system by the 2015-16 award year, with the goal of allocating financial aid based on the ratings by 2018, though the latter would require congressional action (Department of Education 2013; White House Office of the Press Secretary 2013). ED has stated that it intends to identify colleges that help students from disadvantaged backgrounds and those improving their performance. A recent Request for Information (RFI) from ED provided the opportunity for stakeholders to provide input on which data elements could be used for the ratings, methods for weighting or adjusting metrics, and methods of grouping institutions for appropriate comparison given differences in missions, student characteristics, and resources. Numerous organizations, including the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NASFAA), have submitted comments to ED,1 and ED hosted a symposium2 where panelists provided insight into data elements, weighting, and comparison groups that might be relevant for the proposed system. This brief was commissioned by NASFAA to further explore the issues raised in the RFI, focusing on one area in particular—methods of grouping peer institutions. As noted by Miller (2013), colleges have been rated or grouped over time through mechanisms such as the Carnegie Classification system, which classifies institutions based on their mission3—types of degrees awarded, selectivity, size, geography and so on—or associations that represent specific groups of institutions, such as research universities. Miller noted that such classifications play an important role in reflecting the diversity of U.S. postsecondary education. But grouping higher education institutions often differs depending on the goal of the classification. For PIRS, it is currently unclear whether the goal is to provide information to students and parents, to serve as a mechanism for institutional accountability, or some combination of both.4 This brief suggests that if one is going to create a system of ratings for colleges, it is important to have valid institutional comparison groups within which outcomes can be assessed. These peer comparison groups must be small enough to illustrate similarities among a set of colleges, but still allow enough institutions for analysis. The determination of the institutional groups is critical in producing useful comparisons of outcomes. Further, the goal—or goals—of the proposed ratings should influence which characteristics to use in defining the comparison groups. The brief provides an overview of selected research and efforts to design comparison groups in order to further a better understanding of the challenges faced in this process. It also uses a small number of institutional examples in order to illustrate some of the differences and similarities among colleges and universities in three states.

1 See NASFAA’s comments at: http://www.nasfaa.org/EntrancePDF.aspx?id=18322.

2 February 6, 2014.

3 The Carnegie Classification is often thought of as capturing institutional mission, and the 2010 classifications have multiple ways of sorting institutions based on sector, degree offerings special focus, urban/rural nature, enrollment size, and so on. However, the classification does not include the universe of institutions; in particular, as noted in New America Foundation’s comments (2014), many non-degree-granting institutions are excluded, and some categories have only a few institutions while others are very broad. They also note that many mission-specific indicators are not available at the federal level, such as transfer and developmental education focus.

4 Several organizations responding to the RFI mentioned the issue of goals and purposes in their comments to ED, noting for example that it should be decided whether the rating would be used for consumer decision making or for institutional accountability (for example, Institute for Higher Education Policy 2014; New America Foundation 2014; TICAS 2014). Some argue for the importance of consumer information as the primary goal in the short term, while others suggest that the federal government can best influence institutions through accountability goals.

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 3 Relevant work on peer comparison groups Although indicators such as graduation rates, student persistence, and labor market outcomes are commonly used as measures of institutional performance, information about students’ academic preparation and other factors is often not taken into account. The failure to account for the characteristics of entering students and institutional mission can lead to misleading comparisons. As a result, a number of strategies have been used to attempt to deal with the issue of student and institutional inputs. An important piece of these efforts is the creation of institutional groups that are similar in their characteristics. Although the following review is not comprehensive, there has been substantial research on the need for valid institutional comparison groups, both methodologically and conceptually. The sections below start with a discussion of “input adjustment” (also known as risk adjustment) and the ways it can be conducted before turning the focus toward institutional peer groups in particular.

Postsecondary outcomes need to be “corrected” for inputs, such as the characteristics and backgrounds of entering students.

Overview of input-adjustment Much of the research and analysis on comparison groups is relevant to research suggesting that postsecondary outcomes need to be “corrected” for inputs, such as the characteristics and backgrounds of entering students. The types of students enrolled at postsecondary institutions can vary widely; even among open enrollment institutions, the composition of entering students and their characteristics can be quite different (Bailey 2012). In addition, institutional characteristics that relate to mission or other factors are often considered as inputs because missions often address the students at those institutions. Many of these inputs are beyond the control of the institution. As a result, there is concern about using outcome measures to evaluate colleges, such as raw graduation rates that have not been adjusted for these wide variations in inputs. Thus, input adjustment involves examining outcomes while controlling for key factors so that valid comparisons can be made among the outcomes of different institutions (Bailey & Xu 2012). Conceptually, adjusting for inputs allows calculation of the “added value” of education, which is said to be a better way of measuring institutional performance (Clotfelter 2012).

Input adjustment involves examining outcomes while controlling for key factors so that valid comparisons can be made among the outcomes of different institutions. Conceptually, adjusting for inputs allows calculation of the “added value” of education, which is said to be a better way of measuring institutional performance.

For example, Massy (2011) has examined postsecondary education outcomes, focusing on productivity and effectiveness. He argues that effectiveness metrics are most relevant for workforce needs (degrees awarded, enrollment in remedial, success in first year courses, credit accumulation, etc.), whereas measures such as graduation rates, transfer rates, and time to degree are particularly useful for policy purposes. Further, for both sets of measures, he notes that metrics need to be calculated separately by institution type because of differences in mission and student characteristics. For example, he suggests that institutions doing a lot of remedial education will have lower productivity ratios even if they are operating with maximum effectiveness. The Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance recently released a study (2013) that examined how overall measures of institutional performance can be affected by inputs such as the percentage of students who are Pell recipients, the average test score of students, and the level of endowment per student. The study also attempted to calculate a rough estimate of value added after adjusting for these inputs, but noted that the estimates can vary considerably depending on the statistical model and data used. In addition, several recent papers authored by prominent higher education researchers and practitioners were developed through the “Context for Success” project,5 which focused on issues related to input-adjusted quantitative measures of postsecondary education outcomes. According to Clotfelter’s (2012) overview of the papers, three types of measures of postsecondary outcomes receive the most attention – graduation rates, labor market outcomes, and test-based assessments – but in most cases they are portrayed as raw measures; to be most accurate, they need to be adjusted for inputs. In other words, given wide differences in the characteristics of students who enroll in postsecondary institutions, a true measure of the value added during their education needs to take into account their starting points.

5 See http://hcmstrategists.com/contextforsuccess/index.html.

4 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Characteristics for comparison groups should be chosen based on the goal of the comparison. If one is trying to understand student outcomes, for example, it is important to control for the characteristics of entering students, including characteristics not under the college’s control.

When conducting input adjustment, it is essential to determine which institutional comparisons to make and which variables to use in those comparisons. According to Clotfelter’s overview, several themes related to this point emerged from the papers. First, characteristics for comparison groups should be chosen based on the goal of the comparison. If one is trying to understand student outcomes, for example, it is important to control for the characteristics of entering students, including characteristics not under the college’s control. If the goal is to assess institutional performance, the comparison variables might be different, and should be selected depending on the question being asked. Second, comparisons should be made among roughly similar institutions with similar students, especially regarding students’ academic preparation and institutional missions. Key institutional characteristics should be identified, such as size, mission, urbanicity, and so on, and then comparisons of outcomes should be made on institutions that are similar.

Input-adjustment methodologies According to Bailey and Xu (2012), “the first step toward input-adjusted institutional comparisons is to identify key factors that have an impact on institutional graduation rates” or other outcomes. Research studies have found a range of factors, some of which are under college’s control and some are not. According to the authors, for graduation rates, these fall into the general categories of financial variables such as institutional resources, student composition including demographic and attendance variables, and institutional characteristics such as expenditures, program mix, and location.

Research studies have found a range of factors, some of which are under college’s control and some are not.

There are a number of ways to do input-adjustment. The most common approach methodologically is to regress outcomes such as graduation rates on a set of key variables (Bailey & Xu 2012). One method using aggregate data is to look at student and institutional characteristics and use regression models to compare predicted outcomes versus actual outcomes. In this context, larger added value (determined by positive differences in rates, or residuals) would signify better institutional performance. For example, Kelchen and Harries (2012) developed a regression model using academic background (SAT/ACT), student financial income (percent receiving Pell), student demographics, and institutional characteristics (e.g., enrollment, Carnegie Classification) to calculate a predicted graduation rate for each institution that can be compared to the actual graduation rate. The difference between the two rates can then be thought of as value added, with more effective institutions having a more positive value. Wright, Murray, Thrall, Fox, and Carruthers (2012), focusing on Tennessee, also used regression models to look at measures of student progress as well as labor market outcomes, using three sets of explanatory variables: demographic and educational; census tract data; and location matched with psychometric marketing classifications. They found that in most of the models, the largest adjustments were made for males, students with low test scores, and low-income students. The value-added approach using standard regression techniques is the most common for many reasons, including that it can be implemented with publicly available data, is relatively easy to conduct, and allows analysis showing performance among institutions that are not necessarily similar (Bailey & Xu 2012). According to Bailey (2012), if student-level data are available, one can control for student characteristics with an institutional dummy variable, or use a methodology such as the hierarchical linear model (HLM). On the other hand, the validity of the results of regression models can be impacted by the model specification and unmeasured variable bias (Bailey & Xu 2012). Bailey (2012) also points out that these methodologies are useful when comparing institutions with similar inputs, but are not as reliable when the backgrounds and preparation of entering students is very different across institutions. In other words, these methods may not be reliable when institutions have wide ranges of student characteristics.

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 5 Others have also noted that input-adjusted measures have disadvantages. For example, the Institute for Higher Education Policy (2014) points out that input-adjusted outcomes can be incorrectly interpreted as a “ceiling” that lowers expectations, and that most institutions “will mathematically perform as expected,” especially as more factors are included in the model. The New America Foundation (2014) notes that mathematical input-adjustment can “lock in existing poor performance.” In addition, the majority of efforts to measure input-adjusted college performance have focused on four-year colleges, and rankings using input-adjustment methodologies change with different methodologies, different outcomes and different control variables (Bailey & Xu 2012). Clotfelter (2012) also notes that input-adjustment metrics raise a number of issues such as the need for more information than is usually collected, and the fact that more complex analysis may lead to lower transparency. Bailey and Xu (2012) mention other, non-regression methodologies that can make appropriate comparisons among college outcome— Bayesian Model Averaging and a production frontier approach based on Data Envelopment Analysis.6 Another option for making appropriate comparisons is a technique called cluster analysis, which is often used to develop similar groups of institutions based on a specific set of characteristics, and then the groups are compared on student behavior or outcomes. For example, Bahr (2012) classified community colleges based on the prevalence of students’ enrollment patterns, reflecting different reasons for enrollment—some students stay on track while others stop in or out, and some focus on technical training while others hope to transfer. Using cluster analysis for California community colleges, Bahr created institutional groups and compared them by location, funding, and financial aid. He found that patterns of student enrollment in his analysis were related to localized community demand and the circumstances and choices of the students who attend a specific college. In addition, institutions that differed in terms of disproportionate patterns of student use also differed significantly on a number of measures of institutional performance.7

College comparison groups Regardless of the methodology, in practice, it is difficult to control for all variables in doing input-adjustment through statistical models, especially complex models, and may not be useful in a policy context—or for consumer decision-making. Therefore, another strategy for making valid comparisons of outcomes is to select appropriate comparison colleges (Bailey & Xu 2012). In fact, for policy purposes such as a ratings system, some have argued for grouping similar institutions together, or using “groupings that are narrow enough to recognize differences but sufficiently broad to represent a meaningful sample” (Miller 2013). Miller notes that controlling for all differences, as in statistical models, can “contextualize away” important information and leave room for criticism or misunderstanding. Context could be addressed using well designed peer comparison groups that then allow analysis of high and low outcomes within the group. In defining groups, he recommends including some factors that are outside institutions’ control, as well as some targeted input metrics that reflect broad policy goals such as socioeconomic diversity. He notes that it is important not to use too many variables to define the peer groups, both for practical reasons and face validity. However, using a small number of variables can leave substantial differences among potential comparison colleges (Bailey & Xu 2012).8 As noted previously, there have been numerous efforts to define peer groups by higher education institutions and public college and university systems for the purposes of benchmarking and reporting. Groups can be defined by a range of characteristics or through a very simple process that takes into account historical peer relationships. In these efforts, qualitative methods such as panel review are often used by institutions in concert with quantitative methods.

In fact, institutions may create more than one comparison group, depending on the purpose—for example, they may decide to create local peer groups, aspirational peer groups, or groups of institutions with which they compete.

6 According to Bailey and Xu, the Bayesian Model Averaging approach (Goenner & Snaith 2004) looks at estimated effects by taking a weighted average of estimates of models that are supported by the data; it helps select variables closely related to outcomes, but not necessarily which ones to use to make comparisons. The non-parametric input-output technique (Archibald & Feldman 2008), called data envelopment analysis, would establish a production frontier by identifying the colleges with the highest outcomes given a combination of inputs. Colleges are thus compared with colleges that are most similar in their combination of inputs. However, Bailey & Xu suggest that these methodologies have seen little use in this context, perhaps because they are less intuitive or more difficult to use.

7 Another example of cluster analysis used for higher education institutions can be found in Krichels & Cunningham 2006.

8 Bailey & Xu note that the Education Trust’s College Results Online has developed a methodology for using several variables to calculate a comparison score (with the outcome of graduate rates) for any two four-year colleges in its database; the process includes regressing the graduation rate on 10 variables and then using the coefficients to derive weights based on which characteristics are most closely related to graduation rates.

6 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators For example, in 1999 the institutional research staff for the Oregon University System was asked to build a set of comparison variables and peer groups for all system universities (Weeks, Puckett, & Daron 1999). They first reviewed the historical literature (such as research by Terenzini, Brinkman, Teeter and colleagues in the 1980s) on comparison group methodologies in order to provide context for the process. Their development of peer groups was informed by the literature but also included several principles and practicalities; for example, the variables chosen needed to reflect the missions of the universities, such as program, level of funded research, and graduate degrees awarded. Integrated Postsecondary Education Data Systems (IPEDS) data was used for the initial analysis, with selection of variables based on previous research and availability of data. The initial cut focused on mission-related variables, including Carnegie classification, land grant designation, and metropolitan size (urban/ rural). The remaining variables were student- and program-related: enrollment size, proportion of part time students, degree level (proportion awarded), distribution of degrees by discipline, and ratio of research to instruction expenditures. The variables were also weighted to give emphasis to key factors related to mission, like an engineering focus or part-time enrollment at an urban institution, that were important to the system office. The researchers then used a methodology developed by Teeter and Christal (1984) to standardize the results for each institution; each peer list was then arranged according to an overall similarity score. Finally, they used qualitative data to correct or add to the lists, as well as supplementary data from historical peer lists, the geographic distribution of peers, and consideration of statistical versus aspirational peers. Developing peer comparisons has long been a goal of higher education institutions. In fact, institutions may create more than one comparison group, depending on the purpose—for example, they may decide to create local peer groups, aspirational peer groups, or groups of institutions with which they compete. The IPEDS Data Center9 allows institutions to choose a group of comparison institutions—either a number of institutions defined by the user, or an “automatic group” option.10 Currently, the criteria for the automatic group include factors such as control and level of institution, degree-granting and title-IV status, Carnegie Classification, enrollment size, and geographic region, generally leading to a group of about 30 comparison institutions.11 Many postsecondary institutions use these data internally to compare institutional performance, set benchmarks, or evaluate competition. Because not all relevant data are available in IPEDS for peer analysis, institutions may also use internal data sources. In addition, ED’s efforts to improve consumer information have led to changes in the data available in IPEDS and may impact the development of peer comparison groups. For example, as the College Scorecard was being developed, the National Center for Education Statistics hosted an IPEDS Technical Review Panel (TRP #38),12 which included representatives from colleges and universities, systems, associations, and other stakeholders to look at creating comparison groups for consumer information tools. The TRP noted that IPEDS Data Feedback Reports already create selected indicators to institutions for a comparison group (as noted above), but that for any public information tool it would be important to have peer groups for comparison. The panel examined a review of national college search websites that found that institutional characteristics used in creating comparisons tended to include location, sector, size, tuition and fees, and financial aid. In addition, the TRP considered other variables, including the following: o Use of distance education – should be revisited when better data exists o Enrollment size – not highly correlated with proposed measures o Selectivity – important context for graduation rate measures, but may be limiting for consumers early in the process, and not as relevant to open admission institutions o Region – may not provide enough context regarding disproportionate groups (metro versus rural) and in-state/out-of state tuition o Level – there was concern about institutions that have a highest award offered that is very different from the majority of degrees o Predominant undergraduate credential – proposed groups of predominantly bachelor’s degree granting, predominantly associate’s degree granting, and predominantly certificate granting, which would require a new definition in IPEDS and decisions on cut-points TRP participants agreed that users should have the option of customizable comparison groups, based on comparing particular institutions or predefined comparison groups based on region, selectivity, programs offered, and student age.

9 http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/

10 See user manual for more information (http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/IPEDSManual.pdf). The comparison group list is the same as the peer group created for the IPEDS Data Feedback Reports.

11 According to IPEDS staff, the criteria used differ somewhat by sector; for example, size is more relevant for two-year institutions than four-year institutions, and largest program is important for non-degree granting or program reporting institutions. The automatic peer groups are mutually exclusive and can be downloaded through the Data Center.

12 Notes from the TRP can be found at: https://edsurveys.rti.org/ipeds_trp/

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 7 Characteristics to define groups Clearly there a number of different ways to make institutional comparisons, and an even wider range of characteristics that can be used to define peer groups. Choosing the most appropriate characteristics to use in creating peer comparison groups may be an art not a science. In addition, availability of data is a factor. For example, many important student characteristics at community colleges are difficult to measure, such as academic background (many students don’t submit ACT/SAT scores). However, as Bailey (2012) suggests, some potential characteristics that could be taken into account are the percentage of students referred to developmental education courses, nontraditional status (part-time attendance, full-time work, delayed enrollment, etc.), non-residential status, dependency status, age at entry, and some measure of socioeconomic status. He notes that some of these data points are available in IPEDS, while some are not. This is not just an issue of student inputs. There are also key considerations due to institutions’ (often multiple) missions and resources. At four-year institutions, the extent of research and proportion of graduate students differs considerably, as does the extent of public service and extension programs. Community colleges have outcomes ranging from completion of certificates of varying lengths, completion of associate’s degrees, transfer rates to four-year institutions, and even non-credit work. As a result of different missions, the mix of programs may differ substantially across colleges, which can distort comparisons even within broad institutional types. The mix of programs of varying levels and types as well as research and other activities will impact outcome measures.

The mix of programs of varying levels and types as well as research and other activities will impact outcome measures.

For example, as pointed out by Bailey (2012), short-term certificates tend to have higher completion rates, given that they take less time to complete, and are more occupational. Some community colleges have a higher proportion of certificates than others; some technical colleges award no associate’s degrees but may award two-year certificates. Institutions focusing on short-term certificates might be expected to have higher graduation rates or lower time to degree, but lower transfer rates. Thus, it is useful to differentiate between the type and length of program and other institutional characteristics in addition to controlling for student inputs. Ultimately, as noted previously, student, program, and other institutional characteristics used for developing comparison groups should be chosen for the goal of the comparison. In the case of providing information to consumers, for example, this may mean using a select set of factors that are most relevant to students’ choice of institutions to attend, such as geographic location, type of programs available, enrollment size, and selectivity. On the other hand, defining peer comparison groups for other goals may involve a different set of variables. For improvement of student outcomes, for example, this may mean controlling for a wide range of variables—including the characteristics of entering students, as well as other characteristics that are not necessarily under institutions’ control such as urbanicity, sector, level of programs offered, and enrollment size. To compare institutional performance goals such as efficiency may require different peer groups, with some institutional variables included (such as total expenditures, program mix, urbanicity, sector, or other variables that cannot be changed or only changed with difficulty) and others not included, where they may have an impact on improving efficiency (Bailey & Xu 2012). One broad strategy for deciding on the appropriate way to select comparison groups might be to use available data on institutional mission as the first cut, then program and student-related factors, given that not all of the program and student related variables will be relevant in every sector. Examples of potential factors that are mentioned in the various research studies highlighted above include the following: o Mission: sector, Carnegie, land grant status, HBCU status, location (urban/rural or region), local service area,13 special focus (STEM, teacher education) o Program/institution: distribution of degrees by discipline, level, and program length, academic reputation, percentage non-credit work, percentage of courses that are remedial, level of endowment per student and other financial resources, level of funded research, faculty quality, tuition, financial aid, selectivity, distance learning, percentage commuter students, predominant credential awarded, percentage of awards that are CTE o Student background: academic preparation (scores/rank), percentage referred to developmental education, percentage nontraditional students, percentage who transfer, percentage undergraduates, age, SES, gender, race/ethnicity, percentage part time, percentage Pell recipients, percentage first generation, enrollment patterns (reasons for enrollment)

14 Given the limitations of using urbanicity to reflect institutional mission, Patrick Perry, Vice Chancellor of the California Community College system, has been using a “service area index” that uses the zip codes of students attending the institution weighted by the number of students in that zip code, looking at the percentage of people with bachelor’s degrees in each zip code.

8 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Many of these factors are available in IPEDS, but many are not, including factors related to student intentions, remedial education, noncredit work, and better measures of socioeconomic status. Of course, the challenge is in the details—one cannot include all of these variables when determining peer groups, so the issue becomes determining which ones will best capture similarities and difference in the context of what you are trying to achieve.

Recent discussions by NASFAA with institutional research staff at selected member institutions have raised some similar points. For example, some IR staff pointed out that it is important to focus on consumers, and the kinds of questions they ask; this may include information on tuition and fees, class size, admission rate, courses offered, and career opportunities after graduation. Comparisons of colleges should therefore be done by consumers, based on key performance indicators. They suggested classifying institutions by similar type or a model of predicted outcomes,14 based on institutional and entering student characteristics. Much of the data could be drawn from IPEDS but information on socioeconomic status and high school preparation metrics remains limited. If data were added to IPEDS, it would be possible either to create profiles of colleges based on group characteristics, or prediction of outcomes measures based on entry variables and institutional characteristics. Differences in student backgrounds before enrolling should not include just academic preparation, but also a measure of student intent is possible. IR staff also felt that mission was important, especially for institutions that have multiple missions and a mix of programs. Some suggested that institutions could select from common set of federal metrics to highlight, based on institutional missions. Carnegie classification could be used to capture differences along with differences in program mix. On the other hand, adjusting metrics to factor in “mission difference” may make a federal index difficult to interpret.

Illustrating differences in institutional characteristics It is evident from the above discussion that in order to make valid comparisons of higher education institutions—such as for a potential new rating system—institutions should be compared with a set of peers that have similar students or other characteristics. Existing rating efforts and research demonstrate the range that such comparisons can lead to. For example, some institutional ratings are considered within very broad groupings that attempt to characterize mission, such as level and control of institutions or Carnegie classification. These broad categories are frequently used for institutional comparisons in ED’s publications, policy research reports disseminated by higher education associations, academic research, and so on. External college rating systems targeted toward a public audience often use similar groupings. For example, the annual U.S. News & World Report rankings sort colleges in categories such as national universities, liberal arts colleges, regional colleges, and regional universities, largely based on Carnegie Classification.15 However, there are substantial variations in the types of institutions within each of these groupings that are not necessarily included in published ratings and publications. To get to a more detailed level of analysis, researchers may use the IPEDS data tools to generate a smaller group of peer institutions, for example, or to focus on colleges and universities in a particular region when targeting economic development efforts. This section of the brief uses a select number of colleges and universities16 to illustrate the breadth of diversity within broad categories of institutions based on location and mission. The choice of these institutions was not meant to be representative, but rather to inform discussions of the proposed rating systems by highlighting some of the differences and similarities among colleges by selected student and institutional characteristics. The exercise focuses on public four- and two-year institutions in three states/regions—Ohio, Texas, and the Washington, DC metro area. The following cases include descriptions of student and institutional characteristics. These characteristics are often related to institutional outcomes, such as graduation rates and affordability. Unless stated otherwise, data are from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).17 This analysis also briefly discusses a number of peer comparison groups that could be generated for each of the 18 institutions—groupings that are very different depending on methodology used to calculate them. The sections below focus on student, program, and institutional characteristics that could be used to define peer comparisons groups, but do not compare outcomes.

14 One example offered by IR staff of how grouped data could be used to predict outcomes among individual institutions can be found in Stumpf, H. & Stanley, J.C. (2002). 15 See http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges and discussion of methodology at http://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/ articles/2013/09/09/how-us-news-calculated-the-2014-best-colleges-rankings. 16 The states and institutions were not randomly selected and are not representative. They are simply used as examples to show differences in institutional characteristics. 17 Several IPEDS survey components were used in this analysis, with data drawn from the IPEDS Data Center: Finance 2012 (revenue and expenditures per FTE), Student Financial Aid 2011-12 (percentage of undergraduates receiving Pell), Institutional Characteristics 2012 (tuition and fees, urbanicity, Carnegie, etc.), Fall Enrollment 2012 (enrollment by attendance status and race/ethnicity), and Completions 2012 (degrees and certificates). Some data differ slightly from the figures posted on the College Navigator website due to differing definitions and variables used for this analysis.

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 9 Ohio Public 4-year institutions (see Table 1) • Central State University is an HBCU and is classified as a baccalaureate college. It is located in a rural area and has a relatively small enrollment of about 2,800 students, primarily African American, and total number of (bachelor’s) degrees awarded of about 265. The overwhelming majority of students received Pell Grants and enrolled on a full time basis. Central State received more state appropriations per student than the other two institutions. • Wright State University – Lake Campus is similar to Central State in some respects—such as relatively low tuition, low instruction expenses per student, and the majority of students attends full time—but differs in other ways. The institution is actually classified as an associate’s college under a four-year university, and degree awards are divided almost equally between bachelor’s and associate’s degrees—with high proportions in nursing programs at both levels. The college is rurally located and relatively small. About a third of students received Pell grants, and almost all students were white. • Miami University – Oxford is a research university located in a town on the fringe of an urban area, with a much larger enrollment of almost 20,000 students. The overwhelming majority of students is white and enrolls full time, and only 17 percent of students received Pell grants. Tuition and fees were significantly higher than the other two institutions, as was instruction expenses per student. As a research university, Miami awards primarily bachelor’s degrees but also a substantial proportion of advanced degrees; the college also has a special focus on zoology programs.

Table 1. Ohio Public 4-year Institutions

Central State Wright State Miami University 12-month enrollment 2,840 2,171 19,952 % Black 95 2 4 % Hispanic 1 1 3 % of undergrads receiving Pell 82 36 17 % full time 87 60 89 Total number of degrees/certificates 265 159 4,310 % BA 100 46 80 % AA 0 53 5 % UG certificate 0 0 1 Tuition revenue per FTE $4,370 $6,480 $14,803 State appropriations per FTE $7,011 $2,577 $3,136 Instruction expenses per FTE $5,572 $4,090 $10,217 In-state tuition and fees $5,870 $5,614 $13,594

10 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Public 2-year institutions (see Table 2) • Cuyahoga Community College District is categorized as an associate’s urban multicampus serving institution. It is located in a large city and enrolls almost 40,000 students altogether. About a third of those students enrolled full time and almost half received Pell grants; a third of students were either Black non-Hispanic or Hispanic. Cuyahoga awarded 2,655 credentials, primarily associate’s degrees, with the largest numbers in business, nursing, and CIS. • Northwest State Community College is also an associate’s institution, but rural serving and with lower enrollment than Cuyahoga. A similar percentage of students received Pell grants, but a smaller proportion of students were Black or Hispanic. It awarded a higher percentage of undergraduate certificates and its tuition and fees were slightly higher than those of Cuyahoga. • Knox County Career Center is quite different from the other institutions in its mission—it is non-degree-granting, awarding only certificates. The college’s largest programs are in the health professions (including nursing and EMT), but it also has programs in business operations support and welding. Its enrollment is very low; most students receive Pell grants and enroll full time. Revenue is quite different, with tuition revenue per student substantially higher than the other two institutions, reflected in higher tuition levels (the amount in Table 2 is for the largest program). The college received no state or local appropriations, but rather depended on tuition revenue and government grants and contracts ($4,852 per student), probably from workforce training programs.

Table 2. Ohio Public 2-year Institutions

Cuyahoga Northwest State Knox 12-month enrollment 37,652 7,428 351 % Black 28 2 1 % Hispanic 4 7 1 % of undergrads receiving Pell 47 46 57 % full time 36 27 100 Total number of degrees/certificates 2,655 510 239 % BA 0 0 0 % AA 82 71 0 % UG certificate 18 29 100 Tuition revenue per FTE $2,014 $3,847 $9,287 State appropriations per FTE 22,701 $3,365 $0 Instruction expenses per FTE $5,501 $5,421 $6,528 In-state tuition and fees $2,936 $3,478 $12,875* Note: *Tuition for largest program for first time beginning students (practical/vocational nurse training). Knox reports to IPEDS as a program year institution (compared to academic year reporters).

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 11 Texas Public 4-year institutions (Table 3) • Prairie View A&M University is an HBCU and land grant institution, also categorized by Carnegie as a master’s institution. It is medium-sized, with about 10,000 students, and located in a town. A majority of students received Pell and attended on a full time basis. Most of its degree awards are bachelor’s degrees, with significant numbers in nursing and criminal justice. • Texas Southern University is also an HBCU, with a majority of African American students, but is located in an urban environment and is a research (intensive) institution. The two institutions have similarly high percentages of students receiving Pell and enrolling full time. However, Texas Southern had a lower percentage of awards that are bachelor’s degrees—a significant proportion of its awards were doctoral and professional degrees—and instruction expenses per student were higher. Bachelor’s degree awards were often in business and health fields. • Texas A&M University – College Station is a land grant institution and a research (extensive) university. It is very different from the two HBCUs—much larger at more than 50,000 students, and significantly lower proportions of Pell grant students and students of color. Tuition revenue, state appropriations revenue, and instruction expenses per students were higher than the other two institutions. About three-quarters of awards were bachelor’s degrees, with concentrations in fields such as agricultural business, biology, engineering and psychology.

Table 3. Texas Public 4-year Institutions

Prairie View Texas Southern Texas A&M 12-month enrollment 9,699 11,062 53,966 % Black 83 82 3 % Hispanic 6 6 16 % of undergrads receiving Pell 68 74 22 % full time 82 80 87 Total number of degrees/certificates 1,488 1,391 11,989 % BA 69 56 76 % AA 0 0 0 % UG certificate 0 0 0 Tuition revenue per FTE $5,675 $6,124 $9,120 State appropriations per FTE $7,171 $6,148 $9,655 Instruction expenses per FTE $5,890 $9,053 $13,163 In-state tuition and fees $6,404 $7,646 $8,506

12 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Public 2-year institutions (Table 4) • Austin Community College District is categorized as an associate’s, urban-serving institution with multiple campuses. It is located in a large city and has a very high enrollment at more than 70,000 students. More than a third of students were Black or Hispanic, and more than a quarter received Pell grants. About two-third of awards were associate’s degrees—often in business or nursing—and one third certificates. Austin had a higher instruction expense per student than the other colleges, and also received more local appropriations per student. • El Paso Community College, a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI), is also an associate’s, urban-serving institution with multiple campuses. Its enrollment was lower than Austin, but still large. However, the proportion of students of color was significantly higher, as was the percentage receiving Pell grants (half of students). EPCC also awarded a greater proportion of associate’s degrees than the other two colleges at 86 percent; common fields included business, teacher education, nursing and corrections. • Ranger College is very different from the other two institutions. It is an associate’s rural serving institution with fairly low enrollment of about 2,500 students. About a quarter of those students were Hispanic and more than a third received Pell grants. Unlike the other institutions, more than half of Ranger students attended full time, and over three-quarters of its awards were certificates, in fields such as nursing and cosmetology.

Table 4. Public 2-year Institutions

Austin El Paso Ranger 12-month enrollment 70,452 41,258 2,533 % Black 8 2 4 % Hispanic 28 85 22 % of undergrads receiving Pell 28 50 38 % full time 23 32 52 Total number of degrees/certificates 2,616 4,428 140 % AA 68 86 23 % UG certificate 32 14 77 Tuition revenue per FTE $2,236 $1,010 $1,693 State appropriations per FTE $2,012 $1,899 $1,981 Instruction expenses per FTE $5,524 $3,169 $2,463 In-state tuition and fees $2,340 $1,966 $2,250

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 13 Washington, DC Area Public 4-year institutions (Table 5) • George Mason University is a research university located in a large suburb of Washington, DC. It enrolled almost 50,000 students, with a majority attending full time. About 20 percent of students were Black or Hispanic, and more than a quarter received Pell grants. Slightly more than half of degrees awarded were bachelor’s degrees in a wide variety of fields, with the rest primarily master’s degrees (especially education, public administration) and some doctoral degrees. Tuition and fee levels were relatively high. • The University of the District of Columbia is an HBCU and land grant institution, located within Washington, DC. Although it is categorized as a master’s college, UDC primarily awards bachelor’s degrees along with some associate’s degrees (often in nursing) and a small percentage of master’s degrees. It enrolled slightly more than 10,000 students, more than two-thirds Black or Hispanic. Almost half received Pell grants and a similar proportion attended full time. Tuition revenue per student was lower than George Mason, while state appropriations were higher; instruction expenses per student were also higher. • University of Maryland – University College is somewhat different from the other two institutions, and has a different mission, largely to serve adult students and especially military students and their families. A significant proportion of their programs are entirely online. The institution’s headquarters are located in a large suburb of Washington, DC, but there are about 150 on-site locations worldwide, many at military bases.18 Collectively, UMUC had a high enrollment of almost 65,000 students. About 40 percent of students were Black or Hispanic, a quarter received Pell grants, and only 15 percent enrolled full time. UMUC awards credentials at a variety of levels—primarily bachelor’s and master’s, but some sub-baccalaureate degrees and certificates and some post-baccalaureate certificates. UMUC had significantly lower instruction expenses and state appropriations per student than the other two institutions.

Table 5. Washington, DC Metro Area Public 4-year Institutions

George Mason UDC UMUC 12-month enrollment 49,345 11,084 64,737 % Black 9 57 34 % Hispanic 9 7 7 % of undergrads receiving Pell 28 45 24 % full time 62 42 15 Total number of degrees/certificates 8,586 631 8,962 % BA 55 63 43 % AA 0 27 4 % UG certificate 0 0 7 Tuition revenue per FTE $10,101 $6,479 $11,464 State appropriations per FTE $3,892 $16,135 $1,240 Instruction expenses per FTE $11,298 $15,105 $3,672 In-state tuition and fees $9,620 $7,244 $6,384

18  See UMUC’s website at http://www.umuc.edu/.

14 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Public 2-year institutions (Table 6) • Howard Community College is a suburban serving, multicampus associate’s institution. It enrolled about 14,000 students, with about a quarter receiving Pell grants, a third attending full time, and more than a third who are Black or Hispanic. The majority of Howard’s awards were associate’s degrees, commonly in business and nursing as well as liberal arts. Its instruction expenses per student were higher than the other two institutions, as was its tuition and fees level. • Prince George’s Community College is also a suburban serving associate’s institution, but with a single campus. It had slightly higher enrollment than Howard, but also a higher proportion of students of color and students receiving Pell grants. It is similar to Howard in that it awards primarily associate’s degrees in fields such as nursing and business. • Northern Virginia Community College is a suburban serving multicampus institution, with much higher enrollment than the other two institutions. It also had the lowest proportion of students receiving Pell and the highest proportion of credentials being certificates, at almost one third (commonly in business fields). Unlike the other institutions, it received almost no local appropriations.

Table 6. Washington DC Metro Public 2-year Institutions

Howard PGCC NVCC 12-month enrollment 14,149 20,785 76,552 % Black 27 75 17 % Hispanic 8 7 18 % of undergrads receiving Pell 26 39 21 % full time 36 29 37 Total number of degrees/certificates 1,057 1,106 7,976 % AA 90 82 68 % UG certificate 10 18 32 Tuition revenue per FTE $4,409 $3,009 $3,938 State appropriations per FTE $2,498 $2,347 $1,198 Instruction expenses per FTE $7,754 $4,867 $4,272 In-state tuition and fees $4,343 $3,410 $3,485

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 15 As one can see from these examples, institutions in the same sector and state may vary widely in terms of the characteristics of their students and mix of programs. The differences illustrated in this section reflect some of the basic categories of colleges and universities a student might opt to attend based on state and sector. If one drills down to deeper levels of specificity on some characteristics and allows comparisons across state lines, the comparisons could be quite different.

If one drills down to deeper levels of specificity on some characteristics and allows comparisons across state lines, the comparisons could be quite different.

In order to illustrate how peer groups can differ depending on the characteristics used, Appendix A provides several examples of varying peer comparison groups generated for each of the 18 institutions. The examples show peer groupings based on 1) state and sector; 2) the automatic comparison groups generated through the IPEDS Data Feedback Reports function; and 3) basic Carnegie categories. Looking across the peer groups for each institution, it is clear that there are major similarities and differences depending on the methodology selected.19 For example, the IPEDS automatic group for Wright State includes several campuses of the University of Connecticut, but these institutions are not found in the state and sector list. On the other hand, the state and sector list includes institutions like the University of Akron or University of Cincinnati, which Wright State might consider as regional competitors. These findings illustrate some of the challenges that would be faced when trying to create valid peer comparison groups for a proposed rating system, from conceptual issues about target audiences and outcome measures to more practical decisions about how many and which characteristics to use to define the groups to the number of institutions to include and the availability of appropriate data. This is not to say that institutional peer groupings are not useful, but rather to reiterate that the groups must be determined in a thoughtful, transparent manner that takes into account the goals of comparisons.

Perspectives on peer groups On February 6, 2014, ED hosted a set of panels on various aspects of the PIRS proposal, from data elements and weighting methodologies to the development of peer institution groups. Both panelists and the audience provided a range of thoughts on the issue of institutional comparison groups. Some themes emerged from the discussions: • If accountability is the primary goal, it is important to see how well institutions perform give their mission, students and factors beyond their control. • Different methods or measures often lead to different rankings of outcomes, although there is some consistency at the top and bottom. • Students at many institutions, such as community colleges, are relatively place bound, and the characteristics used to develop peer groups should take that into account. • Model-driven risk-adjustment invites criticism and confusion, and may not distinguish between exogenous factors and factors truly related to performance. • In an ideal world, capturing differences among programs—rather than institutions—would better get at these issues. • Face validity is important—consumers and other stakeholder must believe that peer groups make sense. • Peer group definitions must be flexible enough to deal with outliers and allow institutions to develop peer lists more suited to their situation. ED is likely to continue efforts to collect input from higher education stakeholders as they begin to decide the parameters of PIRS and the implementation process.

16 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators These findings illustrate some of the challenges that would be faced when trying to create valid peer comparison groups for a proposed rating system, from conceptual issues about target audiences and outcome measures to more practical decisions about how many and which characteristics to use to define the groups to the number of institutions to include and the availability of appropriate data.

Conclusions This brief has provided an overview of some of the strategies that can be used to adjust postsecondary outcomes given differences in student inputs and institutional characteristics, focusing on the potential strategy of using peer comparison groups to define similar institutions that could then be compared on outcomes such as graduation rates or other measures. It has described some of the benefits and challenges of using peer comparison groups within a rating system or some other way of assessing or informing postsecondary education outcomes. Using some examples, it has illustrated the kinds of differences in student and institutional characteristics that exist among colleges and universities, in this case within subcategories using state and sector. The analysis has also suggested that changing the subcategories—or how peer groups are defined—would lead to very different sets of peer comparison groups. Appropriate peer comparison groups need to be defined in a way that supports the goal of the comparison of outcomes. That means using student, program, and institutional characteristics that are most relevant to the intended goal, in order to best capture similar institutions in a meaningful way. It also means using a manageable number of variables to define groups that can be easily understood by stakeholders yet still reflect the goal of making institutions comparable. Many colleges and universities, federal and state governments, associations, researchers and others already create institutional peer comparison groups for policy and research purposes. These include classification systems like Carnegie, ranking systems for public interest such as U.S. News, and even the Department of Education’s tool used by institutions to create customized groups. For the purposes of the proposed college rating system, peer comparison groups could be a strategy for taking into account differences in student inputs and institutional characteristics by looking at institutions that are high or low performers within a particular group. Within this type of framework, it would be necessary for ED to make value judgments in order to determine the goals of the system—whether consumer information, institutional accountability, or some other set of goals—and to provide context for decisions on the specifics of implementation. A peer comparison group approach is not without its own downsides; for example, it doesn’t allow for a comparison of colleges that are not similar to each other. But, designed well, it can be more transparent and easier to understand that some other methods of input-adjustment. There may well be a hybrid approach that uses input-adjustment techniques within a set of broad peer comparison groups. Regardless of methodology, however, it is essential that some strategy be used to take into account the diversity of missions in postsecondary education and the wide differences in the background of students who attend.

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 17 References Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance. (2013). Measure Twice: The Impact on Graduation Rates of Serving Pell Recipients. Washington, DC: ACSFA, July. Archibald, R. B., & Feldman, D. H. (2008). Graduation rates and accountability: Regressions versus production frontiers. Research in Higher Education, 49(1), 80–100. Bahr, P. (2012). Classifying Community Colleges Based on Students’ Patterns of Use. Conducted for the Context for Success project. Washington, DC: HCM Strategists, September. Bailey, T. (2012). Developing Input-Adjusted Metrics of Community College Performance. Conducted for the Context for Success project. Washington, DC: HCM Strategists, September. Bailey, T. & Di Xu. (2012). Input-Adjusted Graduation Rates and College Accountability: What Is Known from Twenty Years of Research? Washington, DC: HCM Strategists, September. Brinkman, P.T., & D. Teeter. (1987). Methods for selecting comparison groups. In Paul T. Brinkman (ed.), Conducting Interinstitutional Comparisons. New Directions for Institutional Research, no. 53, pp. 5-23. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Clotfelter, C. T. (2012). Synopsis Paper. Conducted for the Context for Success project. Washington, DC: HCM Strategists, September. Cunha, J & T. Miller. (2012). Measuring Value-Added in Higher Education. Conducted for the Context for Success project. Washington, DC: HCM Strategists, September. Department of Education. (2013). “Request for Information to Gather Technical Expertise Pertaining to Data Elements, Metrics, Data Collection, Weighting, Scoring, and Presentation of a Postsecondary Institution Rating System.” Federal Register. Docket ID ED-2013-IES-0151. Vol. 78, No. 242, December 17. Fain, P. (2012). “Performing Under Pressure.” Inside Higher Ed. October 22. Available at: http://www.insidehighered.com/ news/2012/10/22/better-measures-college-performance Goenner, C. F., & Snaith, S. M. (2004). Accounting for model uncertainty in the prediction of university graduation rates. Research in Higher Education, 45(1), 25–41. Institute for Higher Education Policy. (2014). Comments submitted to Richard Reeves, National Center for Education Statistics, regarding the Postsecondary Institution Ratings System RFI, January. Jaschik, S. (2013). “President Obama proposes link to student aid to new ratings of colleges.” Inside Higher Ed. August 22. Available at: http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/08/22/president-obama-proposes-link-student-aid-new-ratings- colleges Kelchen, R. &D. Harris. (2012). Can Value-Added Methods Improve the Measurement of Student Performance? Empirical Analysis and Policy Implications. Conducted for the Context for Success project. Washington, DC: HCM Strategists, September. Krichels, S. and A. Cunningham. (2006). Degree Completions in Areas of National Need, 1996-97 to 2001-02. NCES 2006154. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, May. Massy, W. F. (2011). Metrics for Efficiency and Effectiveness in Higher Education: Completing the Completion Agenda. Paper presented at the 2011 SHEEO Annual Meeting, Boulder. Available at: http://www.sheeo.org/resources/publications/metrics- efficiency-and-effectiveness-higher-education-completing-completion Miller, B. (2013). “Essay on how President Obama’s rating system should work: Real Numbers, Real Goals.” Inside Higher Ed. September 3. Available at: http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2013/09/03/essay-how-president-obamas-rating-system- should-work New America Foundation. (2014). Comments submitted to U.S. Department of Education, regarding the Postsecondary Institution Ratings System response on data elements, metrics, data collection, weighting, scoring, and presentation, January. Pryor, J. &S. Hurtado. (2012). Using CIRP Student-Level Data to Study Input-Adjusted Degree Attainment. Conducted for the Context for Success project. Washington, DC: HCM Strategists, September.

18 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators RTI. (2012). Report and Suggestions from IPEDS Technical Review Panel #38: Using IPEDS Date to Construct Institutional Groups for Consumer Comparisons. Available at: https://edsurveys.rti.org/ipeds_trp/. Stumpf, H. & Stanley, J.C. (2002). Group Data on High School Grade Point Averages and Scores on Academic Aptitude Tests As Predictors of Institutional Graduation Rates. Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1042-1052. Teeter, D. J., & M.Christal. (1984). A comparison of procedures for establishing peer groups. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Association for Institutional Research, Little Rock, AR, October. Teeter, D. J. &P.T. Brinkman. (1992). Peer institutions. In M. A. Whiteley, J. D. Porter, and R. H. Fenske (ed.) The Primer for Institutional Research, pp. 63-72. Tallahassee: Association for Institutional Research. Terenzini, P. T., Hartmark, L., Lorang, W. G. Jr., & Shirley, R. C. (1980). A conceptual and methodological approach to the identification of peer institutions.Research in Higher Education 12(4): 347-364. The Institute for Collage Access and Success (TICAS). (2014). Comments submitted to Richard Reeves, National Center for Education Statistics, regarding the Postsecondary Institution Ratings System RFI, January. Weeks, S., D. Puckett, & R. Daron. (1999). “Developing Peer Groups for the Oregon University System: From Politics to Analysis (and Back).” Paper presented at the 39th Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, Seattle, WA, May 30-June2. White House Office of the Press Secretary. (2013). “Fact sheet on the President’s plan to make college more affordable: A better bargain for the middle class.” August 22. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/22/fact- sheet-president-s-plan-make-college-more-affordable-better-bargain- Wright, D., G. Thrall, C. Carruthers, M. Murray, & W. Fox. (2012). College Participation, Persistence, Graduation, and Labor Market Outcomes: An Input-Adjusted Framework for Assessing the Effectiveness of Tennessee’s Higher Education Institutions. Conducted for the Context for Success project. Washington, DC: HCM Strategists, September.

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 19 Appendix - Ohio Central State University IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Baccalaureate Colleges­—Diverse Fields Athens State University Air Force Institute of Technology- Athens State University Valley City State University Chadron State College Graduate School of Engineering & Bluefield State College West Liberty University Concord University Management California Maritime Academy West Virginia University Institute of CUNY York College Bowling Green State University-Main Chadron State College Technology Farmingdale State College Campus Clayton State University Fort Valley State University Cleveland State University Concord University Georgia Gwinnett College Kent State University at Ashtabula CUNY York College Georgia Gwinnett College Kent State University at East Liverpool Dickinson State University Indiana University-East Kent State University at Geauga Elizabeth City State University Indiana University-Kokomo Kent State University at Kent Farmingdale State College Lake Superior State University Kent State University at Salem Fort Valley State University Lander University Kent State University at Stark Georgia Gwinnett College Lewis-Clark State College Kent State University at Trumbull Glenville State College Macon State College Kent State University at Tuscarawas Harris-Stowe State University Metropolitan State University of Denver Miami University-Hamilton Indiana University-East Missouri Southern State University Miami University-Middletown Indiana University-Kokomo Missouri Western State University Miami University-Oxford Lake Superior State University Nevada State College Northeast Ohio Medical University Lander University Northern State University Ohio State University-Lima Campus Lewis-Clark State College Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Ohio State University-Main Campus Lyndon State College Altoona Ohio State University-Mansfield Campus Macon State College Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Ohio State University-Marion Campus Maine Maritime Academy Berks Ohio State University-Newark Campus Massachusetts Maritime Academy Purdue University-North Central Campus Ohio University-Chillicothe Campus Mayville State University University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Ohio University-Eastern Campus Metropolitan State University of Denver University of Houston-Downtown Ohio University-Lancaster Campus Missouri Southern State University University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown Ohio University-Main Campus Missouri Western State University University of South Carolina-Aiken Ohio University-Southern Campus Montana State University-Northern University of South Carolina-Aiken Ohio University-Zanesville Campus Montana Tech of the University of University of South Carolina-Upstate Shawnee State University Montana Utah Valley University University of Akron Main Campus Nevada State College West Liberty University University of Cincinnati-Blue Ash College Northern State University Clayton State University University of Cincinnati-Clermont College Ohio State University-Lima Campus University of Cincinnati-Main Campus Oklahoma Panhandle State University University of Toledo Oregon Institute of Technology Wright State University-Lake Campus Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Wright State University-Main Campus Altoona Youngstown State University Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Berks Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Brandywine Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Lehigh Valley Pennsylvania State University-Penn State New Kensington Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Schuylkill Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Shenango Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Worthington Scranton Pennsylvania State University-Penn State York Purdue University-North Central Campus SUNY Maritime College Texas A & M University-Galveston The University of Montana-Western United States Merchant Marine Academy University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff University of Hawaii-West Oahu University of Houston-Downtown University of Maine at Farmington University of Maine at Fort Kent University of Maine at Presque Isle University of Minnesota-Crookston University of Pittsburgh-Bradford University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown University of South Carolina-Aiken University of South Carolina-Beaufort University of South Carolina-Upstate Utah Valley University

20 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Appendix - Ohio Wright State University - Lake Campus IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Associate’s—Public 2-Year Colleges Under 4-Year Universities Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Air Force Institute of Technology- Arkansas State University-Beebe Bismarck State College Graduate School of Engineering & Arkansas State University-Mountain Home Brazosport College Management Arkansas State University-Newport Chipola College Bowling Green State University-Main Cossatot Community College of the University of Arkansas College of Coastal Georgia Campus Dakota College at Bottineau Colorado Mountain College Central State University Eastern New Mexico University-Roswell Campus Columbus State Community College Cleveland State University Eastern New Mexico University-Ruidoso Campus Cuyahoga Community College District Kent State University at Ashtabula Great Falls College Montana State University Kent State University at Ashtabula Kent State University at East Liverpool Hawaii Community College Kent State University at East Liverpool Kent State University at Geauga Helena College University of Montana Kent State University at Geauga Kent State University at Kent Honolulu Community College Kent State University at Stark Kent State University at Salem Kapiolani Community College Kent State University at Trumbull Kent State University at Stark Kauai Community College Kent State University at Tuscarawas Kent State University at Trumbull Kent State University at East Liverpool Miami University-Middletown Kent State University at Tuscarawas Kent State University at Tuscarawas Miami University-Oxford Miami University-Hamilton Leeward Community College Middle Georgia College Miami University-Middletown Louisiana State University Eunice Ohio University-Chillicothe Campus Miami University-Oxford Missouri State University-West Plains Ohio University-Eastern Campus Northeast Ohio Medical University Nebraska College of Technical Agriculture Ohio University-Lancaster Campus Ohio State University-Lima Campus New Mexico State University-Alamogordo Ohio University-Southern Campus Ohio State University-Main Campus New Mexico State University-Carlsbad Ohio University-Zanesville Campus Ohio State University-Mansfield Campus New Mexico State University-Dona Ana Oklahoma State University Institute of Ohio State University-Marion Campus New Mexico State University-Grants Technology-Okmulgee Ohio State University-Newark Campus Ohio State University Agricultural Technical Institute Oregon State University-Cascades Ohio University-Chillicothe Campus Phillips Community College of the University of Arkansas Campus Ohio University-Eastern Campus Potomac State College of West Virginia University Peninsula College Ohio University-Lancaster Campus Richard Bland College of the College of William and Mary Potomac State College of West Virginia Ohio University-Main Campus Southern Arkansas University Tech University Ohio University-Southern Campus Southern University at Shreveport University of Connecticut-Avery Point Ohio University-Zanesville Campus University of Akron Wayne College University of Connecticut-Stamford Shawnee State University University of Arkansas Community College-Batesville University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus University of Akron Main Campus University of Arkansas Community College-Hope University of Hawaii Maui College University of Cincinnati-Blue Ash College University of Arkansas Community College-Morrilton University of Minnesota-Rochester University of Cincinnati-Clermont College University of Cincinnati-Blue Ash College Western Nevada College University of Cincinnati-Main Campus University of Cincinnati-Clermont College University of Toledo University of New Mexico-Gallup Campus Wright State University-Main Campus University of New Mexico-Los Alamos Campus Youngstown State University University of New Mexico-Taos Campus University of New Mexico-Valencia County Campus University of Pittsburgh-Titusville University of South Carolina-Lancaster University of South Carolina-Salkehatchie University of South Carolina-Sumter University of South Carolina-Union University of Wisconsin Colleges Windward Community College

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 21 Appendix - Ohio Miami University - Oxford IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Research Universities (High Research Activity) Auburn University Air Force Institute of Technology- Auburn University West Virginia University Ball State University Graduate School of Engineering & Ball State University Western Michigan University Bowling Green State University-Main Management Bowling Green State University-Main Wichita State University Campus Bowling Green State University-Main Campus Wright State University-Main Campus Clemson University Campus Clemson University Florida Atlantic University Central State University Cleveland State University Florida International University Cleveland State University College of William and Mary George Mason University Kent State University at Ashtabula Colorado School of Mines Indiana University-Purdue University- Kent State University at East Liverpool Florida Atlantic University Indianapolis Kent State University at Geauga Florida International University Kansas State University Kent State University at Kent George Mason University Kent State University at Kent Kent State University at Salem Idaho State University Northern Arizona University Kent State University at Stark Indiana University-Purdue University- Northern Illinois University Kent State University at Trumbull Indianapolis Ohio University-Main Campus Kent State University at Tuscarawas Jackson State University Oklahoma State University-Main Campus Miami University-Hamilton Kansas State University Old Dominion University Miami University-Middletown Kent State University at Kent Portland State University Northeast Ohio Medical University Louisiana Tech University San Diego State University Ohio State University-Lima Campus Michigan Technological University Temple University Ohio State University-Main Campus Missouri University of Science and Texas Tech University Ohio State University-Mansfield Campus Technology The University of Alabama Ohio State University-Marion Campus New Jersey Institute of Technology The University of Texas at Arlington Ohio State University-Newark Campus New Mexico State University-Main The University of Texas at El Paso Ohio University-Chillicothe Campus Campus The University of Texas at San Antonio Ohio University-Eastern Campus Northern Arizona University University of Akron Main Campus Ohio University-Lancaster Campus Northern Illinois University University of Colorado Denver Ohio University-Main Campus Ohio University-Main Campus University of Memphis Ohio University-Southern Campus Oklahoma State University-Main Campus University of Mississippi Ohio University-Zanesville Campus Old Dominion University University of Nevada-Las Vegas Shawnee State University Portland State University University of North Carolina at University of Akron Main Campus Rutgers University-Newark Greensboro University of Cincinnati-Blue Ash College San Diego State University University of North Texas University of Cincinnati-Clermont College South Dakota State University University of Toledo University of Cincinnati-Main Campus Southern Illinois University Carbondale University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee University of Toledo SUNY at Binghamton Utah State University Wright State University-Lake Campus Temple University West Virginia University Wright State University-Main Campus Texas Tech University Western Michigan University Youngstown State University The University of Alabama The University of Montana The University of Texas at Arlington The University of Texas at Dallas The University of Texas at El Paso The University of Texas at San Antonio University of Akron Main Campus University of Alaska Fairbanks University of Colorado Denver University of Idaho University of Louisiana at Lafayette University of Maine University of Maryland-Baltimore County University of Massachusetts-Boston University of Massachusetts-Lowell University of Memphis University of Mississippi University of Missouri-Kansas City University of Missouri-St Louis University of Nevada-Las Vegas University of Nevada-Reno University of New Hampshire-Main Campus University of New Orleans University of North Carolina at Greensboro University of North Dakota University of North Texas University of Rhode Island University of South Alabama University of South Dakota University of Southern Mississippi University of Toledo University of Vermont University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee University of Wyoming Utah State University

22 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Appendix - Ohio Cuyahoga Community College District IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Associate’s—Public Urban-Serving Multicampus Cincinnati State Technical and Belmont College American River College Los Angeles Mission College Community College Bowling Green State University-Firelands Austin Community College District Los Angeles Pierce College College of DuPage Career and Technology Education Bakersfield College Los Angeles Southwest College College of DuPage Centers of Licking County Baltimore City Community College Los Angeles Trade Technical College Des Moines Area Community College Central Ohio Technical College Bates Technical College Los Angeles Valley College Des Moines Area Community College Cincinnati State Technical and Berkeley City College Merritt College Grand Rapids Community College Community College Bishop State Community College Mesa Community College Grand Rapids Community College Clark State Community College Bristol Community College Metropolitan Community College Area Harper College Columbus State Community College Brookhaven College Metropolitan Community College-Blue Harper College Eastern Gateway Community College Bunker Hill Community College River Henry Ford Community College Edison State Community College Capital Area Technical College-Baton Metropolitan Community College- Henry Ford Community College EHOVE Career Center Rouge Campus Business & Technology Ivy Tech Community College Great Oaks Institute of Technology and Cedar Valley College Metropolitan Community College-Kansas Ivy Tech Community College Career Development Central New Mexico Community College City Joliet Junior College Hocking College Central Piedmont Community College Metropolitan Community College-Maple Joliet Junior College James A Rhodes State College Cerro Coso Community College Woods Kirkwood Community College Knox County Career Center Chandler/Gilbert Community College Metropolitan Community College-Penn Kirkwood Community College Lakeland Community College City College of San Francisco Valley Lansing Community College Lorain County Community College City Colleges of Chicago-Harold Midlands Technical College Lansing Community College Marion Technical College Washington College Milwaukee Area Technical College Macomb Community College North Central State College City Colleges of Chicago-Harry S Truman Monroe Community College Macomb Community College Northwest State Community College College Moorpark College Metropolitan Community College Area O C Collins Career Center City Colleges of Chicago-Kennedy-King Mountain View College Metropolitan Community College Area Ohio State University Agricultural College Napa Valley College Moraine Valley Community College Technical Institute City Colleges of Chicago-Malcolm X Nashville State Community College Moraine Valley Community College Owens Community College College North Lake College Oakland Community College Sinclair Community College City Colleges of Chicago-Olive-Harvey Northshore Technical Community Oakland Community College Southern State Community College College College Saint Louis Community College Stark State College City Colleges of Chicago-Richard J Daley Northwest Vista College Saint Louis Community College Terra State Community College College Ogden-Weber Applied Technology Schoolcraft College Toledo Public Schools Adult & City Colleges of Chicago-Wilbur Wright College Sinclair Community College Continuing Education College Onondaga Community College Sinclair Community College Tri-County Adult Career Center College of Alameda Owens Community College Southeast Community College Area University of Akron Wayne College Community College of Allegheny County Oxnard College Southeast Community College Area Warren County Career Center Community College of Denver Palo Alto College Southwestern Illinois College Washington County Career Center-Adult Community College of Rhode Island Paradise Valley Community College Southwestern Illinois College Technical Training Cosumnes River College Pellissippi State Community College University of Cincinnati-Clermont College Washington State Community College Crafton Hills College Phoenix College University of Wisconsin Colleges Zane State College CUNY Borough of Manhattan Community Pikes Peak Community College University of Wisconsin Colleges College Pima Community College Washtenaw Community College CUNY Bronx Community College Porterville College CUNY Hostos Community College Portland Community College CUNY Kingsborough Community College Reedley College CUNY Queensborough Community Richland College College Rio Salado College Delaware Technical Community College- Riverside City College Stanton/Wilmington Sacramento City College Delgado Community College Saint Louis Community College East Los Angeles College Salt Lake Community College Eastfield College San Antonio College El Centro College San Bernardino Valley College El Paso Community College San Diego City College Erie Community College San Diego Mesa College Essex County College San Diego Miramar College Estrella Mountain Community College San Joaquin Delta College Evergreen Valley College San Jose City College Folsom Lake College Seattle Community College-North Fresno City College Campus GateWay Community College South Mountain Community College Gateway Community College Southwest Tennessee Community Glendale Community College College Greenville Technical College St Philip’s College Harrisburg Area Community College- Tacoma Community College Harrisburg Tarrant County College District Hillsborough Community College Trident Technical College Houston Community College Tulsa Community College J Sargeant Reynolds Community College Ventura College Jefferson Community and Technical Wake Technical Community College College Wayne County Community College Jefferson State Community College District L E Fletcher Technical Community West Los Angeles College College Wichita Area Technical College Laney College Lawson State Community College- Birmingham Campus Long Beach City College Los Angeles City College Los Angeles Harbor College

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 23 Appendix - Ohio Northwest State Community College IPEDS Automatic Grouping Tri-County Adult Career Center Craven Community College Manchester Community College Rochester Community and Technical University of Akron Wayne College Crowder College Marion Technical College College Adult and Community Education- Warren County Career Center Cumberland County College Maysville Community and Technical Rockingham Community College Hudson Washington County Career Center- Danville Community College College Sandhills Community College Alexandria Technical & Community Adult Technical Training Darton State College Meridian Community College Sauk Valley Community College College Washington State Community College Delaware Technical Community Mid Michigan Community College Savannah Technical College Barton County Community College Zane State College College-Owens Middle Georgia Technical College Seminole State College Belmont College Delaware Technical Community Mid-Plains Community College Sheridan College Blackhawk Technical College Associate’s--Public Rural- College-Terry Mid-State Technical College Snead State Community College Carl Sandburg College Serving Medium Dodge City Community College Mineral Area College South Central College Crowder College Dyersburg State Community College Minnesota State College-Southeast South Georgia Technical College Dakota County Technical College Adirondack Community College East Central Community College Technical South Louisiana Community College East Central College Aiken Technical College East Mississippi Community College Minnesota West Community and South Piedmont Community College Eastern New Mexico University- Aims Community College Eastern Gateway Community College Technical College Southeast Arkansas College Ruidoso Campus Albany Technical College Eastern Maine Community College Mississippi Delta Community College Southeast Kentucky Community and Heartland Community College Alexandria Technical & Community Edgecombe Community College Mitchell Community College Technical College Illinois Valley Community College College Elizabethtown Community and Moberly Area Community College Southeast Technical Institute Jackson Community College Allegany College of Maryland Technical College Montcalm Community College Southeastern Community College Jefferson College Allen County Community College Enterprise State Community College Morgan Community College Southeastern Community College John Wood Community College Alpena Community College Feather River Community College Motlow State Community College Southern Maine Community College Johnson County Community College Angelina College District Moultrie Technical College Southern State Community College Kaskaskia College Arkansas Northeastern College Flathead Valley Community College Mount Wachusett Community College Southern Union State Community Kishwaukee College Ashland Community and Technical Florence-Darlington Technical College Mountain Empire Community College College Lake Michigan College College Fort Scott Community College Mountwest Community and Technical Southern West Virginia Community Lakeshore Technical College Athens Technical College Fulton-Montgomery Community College and Technical College Lewis and Clark Community College Augusta Technical College College Murray State College Southwest Texas Junior College McHenry County College Bainbridge College Galveston College Nash Community College Southwest Virginia Community Miami University-Hamilton Bay de Noc Community College Garden City Community College Nashua Community College College Mid Michigan Community College Bellingham Technical College Genesee Community College National Park Community College Southwest Wisconsin Technical Mid-State Technical College Belmont College George C Wallace State Community Neosho County Community College College Minnesota West Community and Berkshire Community College College-Dothan New Mexico Junior College Southwestern Community College Technical College Bevill State Community College George C Wallace State Community New River Community and Technical Southwestern Michigan College Montcalm Community College Big Bend Community College College-Hanceville College Southwestern Oregon Community Northeast Community College Big Sandy Community and Technical George C Wallace State Community New River Community College College Northeast Iowa Community College- College College-Selma NHTI-Concord’s Community College Spoon River College Calmar Black River Technical College Georgia Highlands College North Arkansas College St. Cloud Technical and Community Northland Community and Technical Blackhawk Technical College Georgia Northwestern Technical North Central Michigan College College College Blue Mountain Community College College North Central State College Stanly Community College Northwest State Community College Blue Ridge Community and Technical Germanna Community College North Dakota State College of Science State Fair Community College Rend Lake College College Grays Harbor College North Georgia Technical College Surry Community College Richland Community College Blue Ridge Community College Grayson College North Idaho College Technical College of the Lowcountry Sauk Valley Community College Blue Ridge Community College Great Bay Community College North Iowa Area Community College Temple College Shawnee Community College Bossier Parish Community College Hagerstown Community College Northcentral Technical College Terra State Community College Southeast Technical Institute Bowling Green Technical College Haywood Community College Northeast Alabama Community Texarkana College Southeastern Community College Caldwell Community College and Hazard Community and Technical College Texas State Technical College Southern State Community College Technical Institute College Northeast Community College Harlingen Southwestern Michigan College Cape Cod Community College Henderson Community College Northeast Iowa Community College- Texas State Technical College Waco State Fair Community College Carl Albert State College Herkimer County Community College Calmar Three Rivers Community College Terra State Community College Carl Sandburg College Highland Community College Northeast Mississippi Community Three Rivers Community College Wisconsin Indianhead Technical Casper College Highland Community College College Tompkins Cortland Community College Catawba Valley Community College Hill College Northeast State Community College College Central Alabama Community College Hopkinsville Community College Northeast Texas Community College Treasure Valley Community College State and Level Central Carolina Community College Horry-Georgetown Technical College Northeastern Junior College Trinidad State Junior College Central Carolina Technical College Housatonic Community College Northeastern Oklahoma A&M College Ulster County Community College Belmont College Central Lakes College-Brainerd Bowling Green State University- Howard College Northern Oklahoma College Umpqua Community College Central Maine Community College Illinois Eastern Community Colleges- Northland Community and Technical Vance-Granville Community College Firelands Central Oregon Community College Career and Technology Education Lincoln Trail College College Vernon College Central Virginia Community College Illinois Eastern Community Colleges- Northwestern Michigan College Victoria College Centers of Licking County Central Wyoming College Central Ohio Technical College Olney Central College Northwest-Shoals Community College Virginia Highlands Community College Chattahoochee Valley Community Indian Hills Community College Odessa College Washington State Community College Cincinnati State Technical and College Community College Iowa Central Community College Ogeechee Technical College Wayne Community College Chesapeake College Iowa Lakes Community College Okefenokee Technical College Wenatchee Valley College Clark State Community College Chippewa Valley Technical College Columbus State Community College Isothermal Community College Orangeburg Calhoun Technical West Hills College Lemoore Cisco College Itawamba Community College College West Virginia Northern Community Cuyahoga Community College District Clatsop Community College Eastern Gateway Community College Jackson State Community College Owensboro Community and Technical College Cleveland Community College James A Rhodes State College College Western Oklahoma State College Edison State Community College Cleveland State Community College EHOVE Career Center Jamestown Community College Panola College Western Piedmont Community Clinton Community College Jefferson Community College Paris Junior College College Great Oaks Institute of Technology Cloud County Community College and Career Development John Wood Community College Patrick Henry Community College Western Technical College Clovis Community College Jones County Junior College Pearl River Community College Western Texas College Hocking College Coastal Bend College James A Rhodes State College Kennebec Valley Community College Pennsylvania Highlands Community Western Wyoming Community Coastal Carolina Community College Kilgore College College College Knox County Career Center Coconino Community College Lakeland Community College Kirtland Community College Piedmont Community College Whatcom Community College Colby Community College Labette Community College Piedmont Technical College Wilkes Community College Lorain County Community College College of the Albemarle Marion Technical College Lake Michigan College Piedmont Virginia Community College Wilson Community College College of the Mainland Lake Region State College Pierpont Community and Technical Wiregrass Georgia Technical College North Central State College College of the Siskiyous O C Collins Career Center Lakeshore Technical College College Wisconsin Indianhead Technical College of Western Idaho Lamar State College-Orange Prince William Sound Community College Ohio State University Agricultural Colorado Northwestern Community Technical Institute Lamar State College-Port Arthur College Woodland Community College College Lanier Technical College Quinebaug Valley Community College Wor-Wic Community College Owens Community College Columbia College Sinclair Community College Laramie County Community College Reading Area Community College Wytheville Community College Columbia State Community College Lassen Community College Richland Community College Yakima Valley Community College Southern State Community College Columbus Technical College Stark State College Lenoir Community College Ridgewater College Zane State College Connors State College Lower Columbia College Riverland Community College Terra State Community College Copiah-Lincoln Community College Toledo Public Schools Adult & Luna Community College Roane State Community College Corning Community College Madisonville Community College Robeson Community College Continuing Education Cowley County Community College

24 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Appendix - Ohio Knox County Career Center IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Not Applicable, Not in Carnegie Universe (Not Accredited or Nondegree-Granting) Albany BOCES-Adult Practical Nursing Belmont College Atlantic Technical Center Tennessee Technology Center at Program Bowling Green State University-Firelands Autry Technology Center Covington Applied Technology Services Career and Technology Education Bradford-Union Area Career Technical Tennessee Technology Center at Buckeye Hills Career Center Centers of Licking County Center Crossville Cape Girardeau Career and Technology Central Ohio Technical College Brewster Technical Center Tennessee Technology Center at Crump Center Cincinnati State Technical and Bridgerland Applied Technology College Tennessee Technology Center at Dickson Career Technology Center of Lackawanna Community College Caddo Kiowa Technology Center Tennessee Technology Center at County Clark State Community College Cape Girardeau Career and Technology Elizabethton Central Pennsylvania Institute of Science Columbus State Community College Center Tennessee Technology Center at and Technology Cuyahoga Community College District Career and Technology Education Harriman Chester County Intermediate Unit Eastern Gateway Community College Centers of Licking County Tennessee Technology Center at Chisholm Trail Technology Center Edison State Community College Charles A. Jones Career and Education Hartsville Delaware County Technical School- EHOVE Career Center Center Tennessee Technology Center at Practical Nursing Program Great Oaks Institute of Technology and Charlotte Technical Center Hohenwald Dixie Applied Technology College Career Development CHOICE High School and Technical Tennessee Technology Center at Edison State Community College Hocking College Center Jacksboro Indian Capital Technology Center- James A Rhodes State College D G Erwin Technical Center Tennessee Technology Center at Jackson Sallisaw Lakeland Community College D. A. Dorsey Educational Center Tennessee Technology Center at James Rumsey Technical Institute Lorain County Community College Downey Adult School Knoxville Knox County Career Center Marion Technical College EHOVE Career Center Tennessee Technology Center at Lawrence County Career and Technical North Central State College Fort Myers Institute of Technology Livingston Center-Practical Nursing Program Northwest State Community College George Stone Technical Center Tennessee Technology Center at Lebanon County Area Vocational O C Collins Career Center George T Baker Aviation School McKenzie Technical School Ohio State University Agricultural Good Samaritan Hospital School of Tennessee Technology Center at Lenape Technical School Practical Technical Institute Radiologic Technology McMinnville Nursing Program Owens Community College Gordon Cooper Technology Center Tennessee Technology Center at Mercer County Technical Education Sinclair Community College Grady Health System Professional Memphis Center Southern State Community College Schools Tennessee Technology Center at Northeast Technology Center-Kansas Stark State College Great Oaks Institute of Technology and Morristown Southern Westchester BOCES-Practical Terra State Community College Career Development Tennessee Technology Center at Nursing Program Toledo Public Schools Adult & Great Plains Technology Center Murfreesboro Tennessee Technology Center at Continuing Education Hillyard Technical Center Tennessee Technology Center at Covington Tri-County Adult Career Center Howell Cheney Technical High School Nashville Tennessee Technology Center at Ripley University of Akron Wayne College Immokalee Technical Center Tennessee Technology Center at Tri-Rivers Career Center Warren County Career Center Indian Capital Technology Center- Newbern Trumbull Career & Technical Center Washington County Career Center-Adult Muskogee Tennessee Technology Center at Oneida- Ulster County BOCES-School of Practical Technical Training Indian Capital Technology Center- Huntsville Nursing Washington State Community College Tahlequah Tennessee Technology Center at Paris Wayne County Schools Career Center Zane State College Kiamichi Technology Center-Durant Tennessee Technology Center at Pulaski Wayne Finger Lakes BOCES-School of Kiamichi Technology Center-Stigler Tennessee Technology Center at Ripley Practical Nursing Lake Technical Center Tennessee Technology Center at Western Area Career and Technology Lindsey Hopkins Technical Education Shelbyville Center Center Tennessee Technology Center at Wilkes-Barre Area Career and Technical Lorenzo Walker Institute of Technology Whiteville Center Practical Nursing Manatee Technical Institute Toledo Public Schools Adult & Marchman Technical Education Center Continuing Education Marion County Community Technical and Tom P Haney Technical Center Adult Education Center Traviss Career Center Mercer County Technical Education Tri-County Adult Career Center Center Tulsa Technology Center-Riverside Mercy School of Nursing Campus Meridian Technology Center Walton Career Development Center Metro Technology Centers Warren County Career Center Miami Lakes Educational Center Washington County Career Center-Adult Mid Florida Tech Technical Training Moore Norman Technology Center Washington-Holmes Technical Center Moreno Valley College Western Suffolk BOCES Nichols Career Center Westside Tech Norco College William T. McFatter Technical Center O C Collins Career Center Withlacoochee Technical Institute Orlando Tech Pinellas Technical Education Center- Clearwater Pinellas Technical Education Center-St Petersburg Radford M Locklin Technical Center Ridge Career Center Robert Morgan Educational Center Rolla Technical Institute Sheridan Technical Center Somerset County Technology Center South Branch Career and Technical Center Southwest Technology Center Stratford School of Aviation Maintenance Technicians Technical Education Center-Osceola Tennessee Technology Center at Athens

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 25 Appendix - Texas Prarie View A&M University IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Master’s Colleges and Universities (Larger Programs) Arkansas Tech University Angelo State University Alabama A & M University Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Austin Peay State University Brazosport College Alabama State University Great Valley Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Lamar University Appalachian State University Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Bridgewater State University Midland College Arkansas State University-Main Campus Harrisburg California University of Pennsylvania Midwestern State University Arkansas Tech University Peru State College CUNY Lehman College Sam Houston State University Armstrong Atlantic State University Pittsburg State University Fort Hays State University South Texas College Auburn University at Montgomery Plymouth State University Jacksonville State University Stephen F Austin State University Augusta State University Purdue University-Calumet Campus McNeese State University Sul Ross State University Austin Peay State University Radford University Millersville University of Pennsylvania Tarleton State University Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Rhode Island College Murray State University Texas A & M International University Boise State University Rowan University North Carolina Central University Texas A & M University-College Bridgewater State University Saginaw Valley State University Northeastern Illinois University Station Buffalo State SUNY Saint Cloud State University Northeastern State University Texas A & M University-Commerce California Polytechnic State University-San Salem State University Northwestern State University of Texas A & M University-Corpus Christi Luis Obispo Salisbury University Louisiana Texas A & M University-Galveston California State Polytechnic University- San Francisco State University Radford University Texas A & M University-Kingsville Pomona San Jose State University Saginaw Valley State University Texas A & M University-Texarkana California State University-Bakersfield Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania Salem State University Texas A&M Health Science Center California State University-Chico Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania Salisbury University Texas Southern University California State University-Dominguez Hills Sonoma State University Shippensburg University of Texas State University-San Marcos California State University-East Bay Southeast Missouri State University Pennsylvania Texas Tech University California State University-Fresno Southeastern Louisiana University Slippery Rock University of Texas Tech University Health Sciences California State University-Fullerton Southern Connecticut State University Pennsylvania Center California State University-Long Beach Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Southeast Missouri State University Texas Woman’s University California State University-Los Angeles Southern Oregon University Southern Connecticut State University The University of Texas at Arlington California State University-Northridge Southern University and A & M College SUNY Westchester Community The University of Texas at Austin California State University-Sacramento Southern Utah University College The University of Texas at Brownsville California State University-San Bernardino State University of New York at New Paltz Tarleton State University The University of Texas at Dallas California State University-Stanislaus Stephen F Austin State University Tennessee Technological University The University of Texas at El Paso California University of Pennsylvania Sul Ross State University The University of Tennessee at The University of Texas at San Antonio Central Connecticut State University SUNY College at Brockport Chattanooga The University of Texas at Tyler Chicago State University SUNY College at Cortland University of Central Missouri The University of Texas Health Science Citadel Military College of South Carolina SUNY College at Oswego University of Colorado Colorado Center at Houston Clarion University of Pennsylvania SUNY College at Plattsburgh Springs The University of Texas Health Science Columbus State University SUNY College at Potsdam University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth Center at San Antonio CUNY Bernard M Baruch College Tarleton State University University of Southern Indiana The University of Texas M.D. CUNY Brooklyn College Tennessee Technological University University of Wisconsin-La Crosse Anderson Cancer Center CUNY City College Texas A & M International University University of Wisconsin-Stout The University of Texas Medical CUNY College of Staten Island Texas A & M University-Texarkana Western Carolina University Branch CUNY Hunter College Texas State University-San Marcos The University of Texas of the Permian CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice The College of New Jersey Basin CUNY Lehman College The University of Tennessee at The University of Texas-Pan American CUNY Queens College Chattanooga University of Houston Delta State University The University of Texas at Tyler University of Houston-Clear Lake East Central University The University of Texas-Pan American University of Houston-Downtown East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania Towson University University of Houston-Victoria Eastern Illinois University Troy University University of North Texas Eastern Kentucky University University of Alaska Anchorage University of North Texas Health Eastern Michigan University University of Baltimore Science Center Eastern Washington University University of Central Arkansas University of Texas Southwestern Edinboro University of Pennsylvania University of Central Missouri Medical Center Emporia State University University of Central Oklahoma West Texas A & M University Ferris State University University of Colorado Colorado Springs Fitchburg State University University of Houston-Clear Lake Florida Gulf Coast University University of Houston-Victoria Fort Hays State University University of Illinois at Springfield Framingham State University University of Louisiana-Monroe Frostburg State University University of Mary Washington Georgia College & State University University of Maryland-University College Governors State University University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth Grand Valley State University University of Michigan-Dearborn Indiana University-Purdue University-Fort University of Michigan-Flint Wayne University of Nebraska at Kearney Indiana University-Southeast University of North Alabama Jacksonville State University University of North Carolina Wilmington James Madison University University of North Florida Kean University University of Northern Iowa Kennesaw State University University of Southern Indiana Kutztown University of Pennsylvania University of Southern Maine Lincoln University of Pennsylvania University of West Alabama Marshall University University of West Georgia McNeese State University University of Wisconsin-La Crosse Millersville University of Pennsylvania University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh Minnesota State University-Mankato University of Wisconsin-Platteville Missouri State University-Springfield University of Wisconsin-Stout Montclair State University University of Wisconsin-Whitewater Morehead State University Valdosta State University Murray State University Wayne State College New Jersey City University West Chester University of Pennsylvania New Mexico Highlands University West Texas A & M University Norfolk State University Western Carolina University North Carolina Central University Western Illinois University North Georgia College & State University Western Kentucky University Northeastern Illinois University Western Washington University Northeastern State University William Paterson University of New Jersey Northern Kentucky University Winthrop University Northwest Missouri State University Youngstown State University Northwestern State University of Louisiana

26 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Appendix - Texas Texas Southern University IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Doctoral/Research Universities Bowie State University Angelo State University Bowie State University Central Michigan University Brazosport College Central Michigan University East Tennessee State University Lamar University East Carolina University Elizabeth City State University Midland College East Tennessee State University Florida Agricultural and Mechanical Midwestern State University Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University University Prairie View A & M University Georgia Southern University Georgia Southern University Sam Houston State University Illinois State University Illinois State University South Texas College Indiana State University Indiana State University Stephen F Austin State University Indiana University of Pennsylvania-Main Campus Indiana University of Pennsylvania-Main Sul Ross State University Lamar University Campus Tarleton State University Middle Tennessee State University Lamar University Texas A & M International University Morgan State University Middle Tennessee State University Texas A & M University-College Station North Carolina A & T State University Morgan State University Texas A & M University-Commerce Oakland University North Carolina A & T State University Texas A & M University-Corpus Christi Sam Houston State University Oakland University Texas A & M University-Galveston South Carolina State University Ranger College Texas A & M University-Kingsville SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry South Carolina State University Texas A & M University-Texarkana Tennessee State University SUNY College of Environmental Science Texas A&M Health Science Center Texas A & M University-Commerce and Forestry Texas State University-San Marcos Texas A & M University-Corpus Christi Tennessee State University Texas Tech University Texas A & M University-Kingsville Texas A & M University-Commerce Texas Tech University Health Sciences Texas Woman’s University Texas A & M University-Corpus Christi Center The University of West Florida Texas A & M University-Kingsville Texas Woman’s University University of Arkansas at Little Rock Texas Woman’s University The University of Texas at Arlington University of Nebraska at Omaha The University of West Florida The University of Texas at Austin University of North Carolina at Charlotte University of Arkansas at Little Rock The University of Texas at Brownsville University of Northern Colorado University of California-Merced The University of Texas at Dallas University of Nebraska at Omaha The University of Texas at El Paso University of North Carolina at Charlotte The University of Texas at San Antonio University of Northern Colorado The University of Texas at Tyler The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas Medical Branch The University of Texas of the Permian Basin The University of Texas-Pan American University of Houston University of Houston-Clear Lake University of Houston-Downtown University of Houston-Victoria University of North Texas University of North Texas Health Science Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center West Texas A & M University

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 27 Appendix - Texas Texas A&M University - College Station IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Research Universities (High Research Activity) Arizona State University Angelo State University Arizona State University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Florida State University Brazosport College Colorado State University-Fort Collins University Georgia State University Lamar University CUNY Graduate School and University Washington State University Indiana University-Bloomington Midland College Center Wayne State University Michigan State University Midwestern State University Florida State University North Carolina State University at Raleigh Prairie View A & M University Georgia Institute of Technology-Main Ohio State University-Main Campus Sam Houston State University Campus Pennsylvania State University-Main South Texas College Georgia State University Campus Stephen F Austin State University Indiana University-Bloomington Purdue University-Main Campus Sul Ross State University Iowa State University Rutgers University-New Brunswick Tarleton State University Louisiana State University and The University of Tennessee Texas A & M International University Agricultural & Mechanical College The University of Texas at Austin Texas A & M University-Commerce Michigan State University University of Arizona Texas A & M University-Corpus Christi Mississippi State University University of California-Berkeley Texas A & M University-Galveston Montana State University University of California-Davis Texas A & M University-Kingsville North Carolina State University at Raleigh University of California-Los Angeles Texas A & M University-Texarkana North Dakota State University-Main University of California-San Diego Texas A&M Health Science Center Campus University of Central Florida Texas Southern University Ohio State University-Main Campus University of Cincinnati-Main Campus Texas State University-San Marcos Oregon State University University of Colorado Boulder Texas Tech University Pennsylvania State University-Main University of Florida Texas Tech University Health Sciences Campus University of Georgia Center Purdue University-Main Campus University of Houston Texas Woman’s University Rutgers University-New Brunswick University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign The University of Texas at Arlington Stony Brook University University of Maryland-College Park The University of Texas at Austin SUNY at Albany University of Michigan-Ann Arbor The University of Texas at Brownsville The University of Tennessee University of Minnesota-Twin Cities The University of Texas at Dallas The University of Texas at Austin University of Missouri-Columbia The University of Texas at El Paso University at Buffalo University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh The University of Texas at San Antonio University of Alabama at Birmingham Campus The University of Texas at Tyler University of Alabama in Huntsville University of South Carolina-Columbia The University of Texas Health Science University of Arizona University of South Florida-Main Campus Center at Houston University of Arkansas University of Washington-Seattle Campus The University of Texas Health Science University of California-Berkeley University of Wisconsin-Madison Center at San Antonio University of California-Davis Virginia Commonwealth University The University of Texas M.D. Anderson University of California-Irvine Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Cancer Center University of California-Los Angeles University The University of Texas Medical Branch University of California-Riverside The University of Texas of the Permian University of California-San Diego Basin University of California-Santa Barbara The University of Texas-Pan American University of California-Santa Cruz University of Houston University of Central Florida University of Houston-Clear Lake University of Cincinnati-Main Campus University of Houston-Downtown University of Colorado Boulder University of Houston-Victoria University of Connecticut University of North Texas University of Delaware University of North Texas Health Science University of Florida Center University of Georgia University of Texas Southwestern Medical University of Hawaii at Manoa Center University of Houston West Texas A & M University University of Illinois at Chicago University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Iowa University of Kansas University of Kentucky University of Louisville University of Maryland-College Park University of Massachusetts Amherst University of Michigan-Ann Arbor University of Minnesota-Twin Cities University of Missouri-Columbia University of Nebraska-Lincoln University of New Mexico-Main Campus University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Oklahoma Norman Campus University of Oregon University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh Campus University of South Carolina-Columbia University of South Florida-Main Campus University of Utah University of Virginia-Main Campus University of Washington-Seattle Campus University of Wisconsin-Madison Virginia Commonwealth University

28 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Appendix - Texas Austin Community College District IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Associate’s—Public Urban-Serving Multicampus American River College Alvin Community College American River College Los Angeles Mission College Central New Mexico Community College Amarillo College Bakersfield College Los Angeles Pierce College Central Texas College Angelina College Baltimore City Community College Los Angeles Southwest College City College of San Francisco Blinn College Bates Technical College Los Angeles Trade Technical College Collin County Community College District Brookhaven College Berkeley City College Los Angeles Valley College De Anza College Cedar Valley College Bishop State Community College Merritt College East Los Angeles College Central Texas College Bristol Community College Mesa Community College El Camino Community College District Cisco College Brookhaven College Metropolitan Community College Area El Paso Community College Clarendon College Bunker Hill Community College Metropolitan Community College-Blue Houston Community College Coastal Bend College Capital Area Technical College-Baton River Lone Star College System College of the Mainland Rouge Campus Metropolitan Community College- Long Beach City College Collin County Community College District Cedar Valley College Business & Technology Mesa Community College Del Mar College Central New Mexico Community College Metropolitan Community College-Kansas Mt. San Antonio College Eastfield College Central Piedmont Community College City Northwest Vista College El Centro College Cerro Coso Community College Metropolitan Community College-Maple Orange Coast College El Paso Community College Chandler/Gilbert Community College Woods Palomar College Frank Phillips College City College of San Francisco Metropolitan Community College-Penn Pasadena City College Galveston College City Colleges of Chicago-Harold Valley Pima Community College Grayson College Washington College Midlands Technical College Portland Community College Hill College City Colleges of Chicago-Harry S Truman Milwaukee Area Technical College Salt Lake Community College Houston Community College College Monroe Community College Sam Houston State University Howard College City Colleges of Chicago-Kennedy-King Moorpark College San Diego Mesa College Kilgore College College Mountain View College Santa Barbara City College Lamar Institute of Technology City Colleges of Chicago-Malcolm X Napa Valley College Santa Monica College Lamar State College-Orange College Nashville State Community College Tarrant County College District Lamar State College-Port Arthur City Colleges of Chicago-Olive-Harvey North Lake College Laredo Community College College Northshore Technical Community Lee College City Colleges of Chicago-Richard J Daley College Lone Star College System College Northwest Vista College McLennan Community College City Colleges of Chicago-Wilbur Wright Ogden-Weber Applied Technology Mountain View College College College Navarro College College of Alameda Onondaga Community College North Central Texas College Community College of Allegheny County Owens Community College North Lake College Community College of Denver Oxnard College Northeast Texas Community College Community College of Rhode Island Palo Alto College Northwest Vista College Cosumnes River College Paradise Valley Community College Odessa College Crafton Hills College Pellissippi State Community College Palo Alto College CUNY Borough of Manhattan Community Phoenix College Panola College College Pikes Peak Community College Paris Junior College CUNY Bronx Community College Pima Community College Ranger College CUNY Hostos Community College Porterville College Richland College CUNY Kingsborough Community College Portland Community College San Antonio College CUNY Queensborough Community Reedley College San Jacinto Community College College Richland College South Plains College Cuyahoga Community College District Rio Salado College Southwest Collegiate Institute for the Delaware Technical Community College- Riverside City College Deaf Stanton/Wilmington Sacramento City College Southwest Texas Junior College Delgado Community College Saint Louis Community College St Philip’s College East Los Angeles College Salt Lake Community College Tarrant County College District Eastfield College San Antonio College Temple College El Centro College San Bernardino Valley College Texarkana College El Paso Community College San Diego City College Texas State Technical College Harlingen Erie Community College San Diego Mesa College Texas State Technical College Waco Essex County College San Diego Miramar College Texas State Technical College-Marshall Estrella Mountain Community College San Joaquin Delta College Texas State Technical College-West Evergreen Valley College San Jose City College Texas Folsom Lake College Seattle Community College-North Trinity Valley Community College Fresno City College Campus Tyler Junior College GateWay Community College South Mountain Community College Vernon College Gateway Community College Southwest Tennessee Community Victoria College Glendale Community College College Weatherford College Greenville Technical College St Philip’s College Western Texas College Harrisburg Area Community College- Tacoma Community College Wharton County Junior College Harrisburg Tarrant County College District Hillsborough Community College Trident Technical College Houston Community College Tulsa Community College J Sargeant Reynolds Community College Ventura College Jefferson Community and Technical Wake Technical Community College College Wayne County Community College Jefferson State Community College District L E Fletcher Technical Community West Los Angeles College College Wichita Area Technical College Laney College Lawson State Community College- Birmingham Campus Long Beach City College Los Angeles City College Los Angeles Harbor College

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 29 Appendix - Texas El Paso Community College IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Associate’s—Public Urban-Serving Multicampus American River College Alvin Community College American River College Los Angeles Mission College Austin Community College District Amarillo College Austin Community College District Los Angeles Pierce College Central New Mexico Community College Angelina College Bakersfield College Los Angeles Southwest College Central Texas College Austin Community College District Baltimore City Community College Los Angeles Trade Technical College City College of San Francisco Blinn College Bates Technical College Los Angeles Valley College Collin County Community College District Brookhaven College Berkeley City College Merritt College De Anza College Cedar Valley College Bishop State Community College Mesa Community College East Los Angeles College Central Texas College Bristol Community College Metropolitan Community College Area El Camino Community College District Cisco College Brookhaven College Metropolitan Community College-Blue Houston Community College Clarendon College Bunker Hill Community College River Lone Star College System Coastal Bend College Capital Area Technical College-Baton Metropolitan Community College- Long Beach City College College of the Mainland Rouge Campus Business & Technology Mesa Community College Collin County Community College District Cedar Valley College Metropolitan Community College-Kansas Mt. San Antonio College Del Mar College Central New Mexico Community College City Northwest Vista College Eastfield College Central Piedmont Community College Metropolitan Community College-Maple Orange Coast College El Centro College Cerro Coso Community College Woods Palomar College Frank Phillips College Chandler/Gilbert Community College Metropolitan Community College-Penn Pasadena City College Galveston College City College of San Francisco Valley Pima Community College Grayson College City Colleges of Chicago-Harold Midlands Technical College Portland Community College Hill College Washington College Milwaukee Area Technical College Salt Lake Community College Houston Community College City Colleges of Chicago-Harry S Truman Monroe Community College San Antonio College Howard College College Moorpark College San Diego Mesa College Kilgore College City Colleges of Chicago-Kennedy-King Mountain View College Santa Barbara City College Lamar Institute of Technology College Napa Valley College Santa Monica College Lamar State College-Orange City Colleges of Chicago-Malcolm X Nashville State Community College Tarrant County College District Lamar State College-Port Arthur College North Lake College Laredo Community College City Colleges of Chicago-Olive-Harvey Northshore Technical Community Lee College College College Lone Star College System City Colleges of Chicago-Richard J Daley Northwest Vista College McLennan Community College College Ogden-Weber Applied Technology Mountain View College City Colleges of Chicago-Wilbur Wright College Navarro College College Onondaga Community College North Central Texas College College of Alameda Owens Community College North Lake College Community College of Allegheny County Oxnard College Northeast Texas Community College Community College of Denver Palo Alto College Northwest Vista College Community College of Rhode Island Paradise Valley Community College Odessa College Cosumnes River College Pellissippi State Community College Palo Alto College Crafton Hills College Phoenix College Panola College CUNY Borough of Manhattan Community Pikes Peak Community College Paris Junior College College Pima Community College Ranger College CUNY Bronx Community College Porterville College Richland College CUNY Hostos Community College Portland Community College San Antonio College CUNY Kingsborough Community College Reedley College San Jacinto Community College CUNY Queensborough Community Richland College South Plains College College Rio Salado College Southwest Collegiate Institute for the Cuyahoga Community College District Riverside City College Deaf Delaware Technical Community College- Sacramento City College Southwest Texas Junior College Stanton/Wilmington Saint Louis Community College St Philip’s College Delgado Community College Salt Lake Community College Tarrant County College District East Los Angeles College San Antonio College Temple College Eastfield College San Bernardino Valley College Texarkana College El Centro College San Diego City College Texas State Technical College Harlingen Erie Community College San Diego Mesa College Texas State Technical College Waco Essex County College San Diego Miramar College Texas State Technical College-Marshall Estrella Mountain Community College San Joaquin Delta College Texas State Technical College-West Evergreen Valley College San Jose City College Texas Folsom Lake College Seattle Community College-North Trinity Valley Community College Fresno City College Campus Tyler Junior College GateWay Community College South Mountain Community College Vernon College Gateway Community College Southwest Tennessee Community Victoria College Glendale Community College College Weatherford College Greenville Technical College St Philip’s College Western Texas College Harrisburg Area Community College- Tacoma Community College Wharton County Junior College Harrisburg Tarrant County College District Hillsborough Community College Trident Technical College Houston Community College Tulsa Community College J Sargeant Reynolds Community College Ventura College Jefferson Community and Technical Wake Technical Community College College Wayne County Community College Jefferson State Community College District L E Fletcher Technical Community West Los Angeles College College Wichita Area Technical College Laney College Lawson State Community College- Birmingham Campus Long Beach City College Los Angeles City College Los Angeles Harbor College

30 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Appendix - Texas Ranger College IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Associate’s—Public Rural-Serving Small Clatsop Community College Alvin Community College Acadiana Technical College-Lafayette Northwest College Colorado Northwestern Community Amarillo College Campus Northwest Iowa Community College College Angelina College Alabama Southern Community College Northwest Kansas Technical College Columbia Gorge Community College Austin Community College District Altamaha Technical College Northwest Louisiana Technical College Dawson Community College Blinn College Beaufort County Community College Northwest Technical College East San Gabriel Valley Regional Brookhaven College Bladen Community College Oconee Fall Line Technical College Occupational Program Cedar Valley College Bowling Green State University-Firelands Oregon Coast Community College Eastern Idaho Technical College Central Texas College Brunswick Community College Otero Junior College Feather River Community College District Cisco College Carteret Community College Ozarka College Frank Phillips College Clarendon College Carver Career Center Pamlico Community College Helena College University of Montana Coastal Bend College Central Louisiana Technical Community Paul D Camp Community College Highlands College of Montana Tech College of the Mainland College Pine Technical College Kauai Community College Collin County Community College District Clarendon College Pratt Community College Kiamichi Technology Center-Idabel Del Mar College Coahoma Community College Rainy River Community College Lamar Community College Eastfield College Coffeyville Community College Reid State Technical College Los Angeles County College of Nursing El Centro College College of the Ouachitas Rich Mountain Community College and Allied Health El Paso Community College Columbia Gorge Community College Richmond Community College Luna Community College Frank Phillips College Columbia-Greene Community College River Valley Community College Mesalands Community College Galveston College Dabney S Lancaster Community College Roanoke-Chowan Community College Miles Community College Grayson College Dawson Community College Salina Area Technical College New Mexico Military Institute Hill College Denmark Technical College Sampson Community College New Mexico State University-Carlsbad Houston Community College East Arkansas Community College Seward County Community College and New Mexico State University-Grants Howard College Eastern Idaho Technical College Area Technical School Oregon Coast Community College Kilgore College Eastern Oklahoma State College South Arkansas Community College Prince William Sound Community College Lamar Institute of Technology Eastern Shore Community College Southeastern Technical College Southwest Collegiate Institute for the Lamar State College-Orange Eastern West Virginia Community and Southwest Collegiate Institute for the Deaf Lamar State College-Port Arthur Technical College Deaf Texas State Technical College-Marshall Laredo Community College Eastern Wyoming College Southwest Georgia Technical College Tillamook Bay Community College Lee College Ellsworth Community College Southwest Mississippi Community Uintah Basin Applied Technology College Lone Star College System Flint Hills Technical College College University of New Mexico-Los Alamos McLennan Community College Florida Keys Community College Southwestern Community College Campus Mountain View College Frank Phillips College Sowela Technical Community College University of New Mexico-Taos Campus Navarro College Garrett College Sullivan County Community College North Central Texas College Glen Oaks Community College Texas State Technical College-Marshall North Lake College Gogebic Community College Texas State Technical College-West Northeast Texas Community College H Councill Trenholm State Technical Texas Northwest Vista College College Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology Odessa College Halifax Community College Tillamook Bay Community College Palo Alto College Hibbing Community College-A Technical Tri-County Community College Panola College and Community College Vermilion Community College Paris Junior College Highlands College of Montana Tech Washington County Community College Richland College Independence Community College Waycross College San Antonio College Itasca Community College West Shore Community College San Jacinto Community College J F Drake State Technical College Western Dakota Technical Institute South Plains College James Sprunt Community College White Mountains Community College Southwest Collegiate Institute for the Jefferson Davis Community College Williamsburg Technical College Deaf Kanawha Valley Community and Williston State College Southwest Texas Junior College Technical College York County Community College St Philip’s College Klamath Community College Tarrant County College District Lake Area Technical Institute Temple College Lakes Region Community College Texarkana College Lamar Community College Texas State Technical College Harlingen Linn State Technical College Texas State Technical College Waco Louisiana Delta Community College- Texas State Technical College-Marshall Monroe Campus Texas State Technical College-West Lurleen B Wallace Community College Texas Manhattan Area Technical College Trinity Valley Community College Marion Military Institute Tyler Junior College Marshalltown Community College Vernon College Martin Community College Victoria College Mayland Community College Weatherford College McDowell Technical Community College Western Texas College Mesabi Range Community and Technical Wharton County Junior College College Mesalands Community College Miles Community College Mitchell Technical Institute Montgomery Community College Mountainland Applied Technology College Nicolet Area Technical College North Central Kansas Technical College North Central Missouri College North Country Community College North Florida Community College Northeast Louisiana Technical College Northeastern Technical College Northern Maine Community College

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 31 Appendix - Washington, DC Area George Mason University IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Research Universities (High Research Activity) Bemidji State University Bowie State University Auburn University West Virginia University Black Hills State University Christopher Newport University Ball State University Western Michigan University California State University-Channel College of William and Mary Bowling Green State University-Main Wichita State University Islands Coppin State University Campus Wright State University-Main Campus California State University-Monterey Bay Eastern Virginia Medical School Clemson University Cameron University Frostburg State University Cleveland State University Cheyney University of Pennsylvania James Madison University College of William and Mary Christopher Newport University Longwood University Colorado School of Mines Coastal Carolina University Morgan State University Florida Atlantic University Colorado State University-Pueblo Norfolk State University Florida International University Coppin State University Old Dominion University Idaho State University Dakota State University Radford University Indiana University-Purdue University- Eastern Connecticut State University Salisbury University Indianapolis Eastern New Mexico University-Main St Mary’s College of Maryland Jackson State University Campus The University of Virginia’s College at Kansas State University Eastern Oregon University Wise Kent State University at Kent Fairmont State University Towson University Louisiana Tech University Fashion Institute of Technology United States Naval Academy Miami University-Oxford Francis Marion University University of Baltimore Michigan Technological University Georgia Southwestern State University University of Mary Washington Missouri University of Science and Johnson State College University of Maryland Eastern Shore Technology Keene State College University of Maryland-Baltimore New Jersey Institute of Technology Langston University University of Maryland-Baltimore County New Mexico State University-Main Lincoln University University of Maryland-College Park Campus Lock Haven University University of Maryland-University College Northern Arizona University Mississippi University for Women University of the District of Columbia Northern Illinois University Northwestern Oklahoma State University University of the District of Columbia Ohio University-Main Campus Pennsylvania State University-Penn State David A Clarke School of Law Oklahoma State University-Main Campus Erie-Behrend College University of Virginia-Main Campus Old Dominion University Shepherd University Virginia Commonwealth University Portland State University SUNY College at Geneseo Virginia Military Institute Rutgers University-Newark SUNY College at Oneonta Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State San Diego State University The Evergreen State College University South Dakota State University Thomas Edison State College Virginia State University Southern Illinois University Carbondale University of Alaska Southeast SUNY at Binghamton University of Arkansas at Monticello Temple University University of Maryland Eastern Shore Texas Tech University University of the District of Columbia The University of Alabama University of Wisconsin-Green Bay The University of Montana University of Wisconsin-Superior The University of Texas at Arlington Virginia State University The University of Texas at Dallas The University of Texas at El Paso The University of Texas at San Antonio University of Akron Main Campus University of Alaska Fairbanks University of Colorado Denver University of Idaho University of Louisiana at Lafayette University of Maine University of Maryland-Baltimore County University of Massachusetts-Boston University of Massachusetts-Lowell University of Memphis University of Mississippi University of Missouri-Kansas City University of Missouri-St Louis University of Nevada-Las Vegas University of Nevada-Reno University of New Hampshire-Main Campus University of New Orleans University of North Carolina at Greensboro University of North Dakota University of North Texas University of Rhode Island University of South Alabama University of South Dakota University of Southern Mississippi University of Toledo University of Vermont University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee University of Wyoming Utah State University

32 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Appendix - Washington, DC Area University of the District of Columbia IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Master’s Colleges and Universities (Smaller Programs) Bemidji State University Bowie State University Bemidji State University Black Hills State University Christopher Newport University Black Hills State University California State University-Channel College of William and Mary California State University-Channel Islands Islands Coppin State University California State University-Monterey Bay California State University-Monterey Bay Eastern Virginia Medical School Cameron University Cameron University Frostburg State University Cheyney University of Pennsylvania Cheyney University of Pennsylvania George Mason University Christopher Newport University Christopher Newport University James Madison University Coastal Carolina University Coastal Carolina University Longwood University Colorado State University-Pueblo Colorado State University-Pueblo Morgan State University Coppin State University Coppin State University Norfolk State University Dakota State University Dakota State University Old Dominion University Eastern Connecticut State University Eastern Connecticut State University Radford University Eastern New Mexico University-Main Campus Eastern New Mexico University-Main Salisbury University Eastern Oregon University Campus St Mary’s College of Maryland Fairmont State University Eastern Oregon University The University of Virginia’s College at Fashion Institute of Technology Fairmont State University Wise Francis Marion University Fashion Institute of Technology Towson University Georgia Southwestern State University Francis Marion University United States Naval Academy Johnson State College Georgia Southwestern State University University of Baltimore Keene State College Johnson State College University of Mary Washington Langston University Keene State College University of Maryland Eastern Shore Lincoln University Langston University University of Maryland-Baltimore Lock Haven University Lincoln University University of Maryland-Baltimore County Mississippi University for Women Lock Haven University University of Maryland-College Park Northwestern Oklahoma State University Mississippi University for Women University of Maryland-University College Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Erie-Behrend College Northwestern Oklahoma State University University of the District of Columbia Shepherd University Pennsylvania State University-Penn State David A Clarke School of Law SUNY College at Geneseo Erie-Behrend College University of Virginia-Main Campus SUNY College at Oneonta Shepherd University Virginia Commonwealth University The Evergreen State College SUNY College at Geneseo Virginia Military Institute Thomas Edison State College SUNY College at Oneonta Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University of Alaska Southeast The Evergreen State College University University of Arkansas at Monticello Thomas Edison State College Virginia State University University of Maryland Eastern Shore University of Alaska Southeast University of Wisconsin-Green Bay University of Arkansas at Monticello University of Wisconsin-Superior University of Maryland Eastern Shore Virginia State University University of Wisconsin-Green Bay University of Wisconsin-Superior Virginia State University

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 33 Appendix - Washington, DC Area University of Maryland - University College IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Master’s Colleges and Universities (Larger Programs) Asheville-Buncombe Technical Bowie State University Alabama A & M University Valley Community College Christopher Newport University Alabama State University Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Boise State University College of William and Mary Appalachian State University Harrisburg California Polytechnic State University- Coppin State University Arkansas State University-Main Campus Peru State College San Luis Obispo Eastern Virginia Medical School Arkansas Tech University Pittsburg State University California State Polytechnic University- Frostburg State University Armstrong Atlantic State University Plymouth State University Pomona George Mason University Auburn University at Montgomery Prairie View A & M University California State University-Chico James Madison University Augusta State University Purdue University-Calumet Campus California State University-Fresno Longwood University Austin Peay State University Radford University California State University-Fullerton Morgan State University Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Rhode Island College California State University-Long Beach Norfolk State University Boise State University Rowan University California State University-Los Angeles Old Dominion University Bridgewater State University Saginaw Valley State University California State University-Northridge Radford University Buffalo State SUNY Saint Cloud State University California State University-Sacramento Salisbury University California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Salem State University California State University-San Bernardino St Mary’s College of Maryland Obispo Salisbury University CUNY Bernard M Baruch College The University of Virginia’s College at California State Polytechnic University-Pomona San Francisco State University CUNY Hunter College Wise California State University-Bakersfield San Jose State University CUNY Queens College Towson University California State University-Chico Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania Eastern Kentucky University United States Naval Academy California State University-Dominguez Hills Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania Eastern Michigan University University of Baltimore California State University-East Bay Sonoma State University Grand Valley State University University of Mary Washington California State University-Fresno Southeast Missouri State University James Madison University University of Maryland Eastern Shore California State University-Fullerton Southeastern Louisiana University Kennesaw State University University of Maryland-Baltimore California State University-Long Beach Southern Connecticut State University Minnesota State University-Mankato University of Maryland-Baltimore County California State University-Los Angeles Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Missouri State University-Springfield University of Maryland-College Park California State University-Northridge Southern Oregon University Montclair State University University of the District of Columbia California State University-Sacramento Southern University and A & M College Saint Cloud State University University of the District of Columbia California State University-San Bernardino Southern Utah University San Francisco State University David A Clarke School of Law California State University-Stanislaus State University of New York at New Paltz San Jose State University University of Virginia-Main Campus California University of Pennsylvania Stephen F Austin State University Texas State University-San Marcos Virginia Commonwealth University Central Connecticut State University Sul Ross State University The University of Texas-Pan American Virginia Military Institute Chicago State University SUNY College at Brockport Towson University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Citadel Military College of South Carolina SUNY College at Cortland Troy University University Clarion University of Pennsylvania SUNY College at Oswego University of North Florida Virginia State University Columbus State University SUNY College at Plattsburgh Western Kentucky University CUNY Bernard M Baruch College SUNY College at Potsdam Western Washington University CUNY Brooklyn College Tarleton State University CUNY City College Tennessee Technological University CUNY College of Staten Island Texas A & M International University CUNY Hunter College Texas A & M University-Texarkana CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice Texas State University-San Marcos CUNY Lehman College The College of New Jersey CUNY Queens College The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Delta State University The University of Texas at Tyler East Central University The University of Texas-Pan American East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania Towson University Eastern Illinois University Troy University Eastern Kentucky University University of Alaska Anchorage Eastern Michigan University University of Baltimore Eastern Washington University University of Central Arkansas Edinboro University of Pennsylvania University of Central Missouri Emporia State University University of Central Oklahoma Ferris State University University of Colorado Colorado Springs Fitchburg State University University of Houston-Clear Lake Florida Gulf Coast University University of Houston-Victoria Fort Hays State University University of Illinois at Springfield Framingham State University University of Louisiana-Monroe Frostburg State University University of Mary Washington Georgia College & State University University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth Governors State University University of Michigan-Dearborn Grand Valley State University University of Michigan-Flint Indiana University-Purdue University-Fort Wayne University of Nebraska at Kearney Indiana University-Southeast University of North Alabama Jacksonville State University University of North Carolina Wilmington James Madison University University of North Florida Kean University University of Northern Iowa Kennesaw State University University of Southern Indiana Kutztown University of Pennsylvania University of Southern Maine Lincoln University of Pennsylvania University of West Alabama Marshall University University of West Georgia McNeese State University University of Wisconsin-La Crosse Millersville University of Pennsylvania University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh Minnesota State University-Mankato University of Wisconsin-Platteville Missouri State University-Springfield University of Wisconsin-Stout Montclair State University University of Wisconsin-Whitewater Morehead State University Valdosta State University Murray State University Wayne State College New Jersey City University West Chester University of Pennsylvania New Mexico Highlands University West Texas A & M University Norfolk State University Western Carolina University North Carolina Central University Western Illinois University North Georgia College & State University Western Kentucky University Northeastern Illinois University Western Washington University Northeastern State University William Paterson University of New Jersey Northern Kentucky University Winthrop University Northwest Missouri State University Youngstown State University Northwestern State University of Louisiana Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Great

34 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Appendix - Washington, DC Area Howard Community College IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Associate’s--Public Suburban-Serving Single Campus Broome Community College Allegany College of Maryland Anne Arundel Community College Rio Hondo College Carroll Community College Anne Arundel Community College Antelope Valley College River Parishes Community College Community College of Beaver County Baltimore City Community College Asnuntuck Community College Rockland Community College Gloucester County College Blue Ridge Community College Barstow Community College Rose State College Hagerstown Community College Carroll Community College Bergen Community College Salem Community College Harford Community College Cecil College Bridgemont Community and Technical Schoolcraft College Luzerne County Community College Central Virginia Community College College Shoreline Community College Manchester Community College Chesapeake College Brookdale Community College Solano Community College Massachusetts Bay Community College College of Southern Maryland Butler County Community College South Suburban College Massasoit Community College Dabney S Lancaster Community College Carroll Community College Southwestern College Middlesex Community College Danville Community College Cascadia Community College St Charles Community College Montgomery County Community Eastern Shore Community College Cayuga County Community College St Clair County Community College College-West Campus Frederick Community College Cecil College SUNY Westchester Community College Naugatuck Valley Community College Garrett College Central Ohio Technical College Sussex County Community College North Shore Community College Germanna Community College Century College Taft College Passaic County Community College Hagerstown Community College Cerritos College Thomas Nelson Community College Rockland Community College Harford Community College Chattahoochee Technical College Tidewater Community College Sussex County Community College J Sargeant Reynolds Community College Citrus College Tri-County Technical College Tunxis Community College John Tyler Community College College of DuPage Triton College Westmoreland County Community Lord Fairfax Community College College of the Canyons Tunxis Community College College Montgomery College Community College of Beaver County Victor Valley College Mountain Empire Community College Copper Mountain Community College Volunteer State Community College New River Community College County College of Morris Warren County Community College Northern Virginia Community College Dakota County Technical College Waubonsee Community College Patrick Henry Community College Davidson County Community College Weatherford College Paul D Camp Community College Delaware County Community College West Georgia Technical College Piedmont Virginia Community College Edison State Community College Westmoreland County Community Prince George’s Community College El Camino College-Compton Center College Rappahannock Community College El Camino Community College District York Technical College Richard Bland College of the College of Finger Lakes Community College William and Mary Frederick Community College Southside Virginia Community College Gaston College Southwest Virginia Community College Gavilan College The Community College of Baltimore Glendale Community College County Gloucester County College Thomas Nelson Community College Greenfield Community College Tidewater Community College Gwinnett Technical College Virginia Highlands Community College Harford Community College Virginia Western Community College Harper College Wor-Wic Community College Holyoke Community College Wytheville Community College Inver Hills Community College Johnson County Community College Johnston Community College Joliet Junior College Kishwaukee College Lake Tahoe Community College Lakeland Community College Lamar Institute of Technology Lehigh Carbon Community College Lewis and Clark Community College Luzerne County Community College Manchester Community College McHenry County College Middlesex Community College Middlesex County College Mid-South Community College Monroe County Community College Moraine Valley Community College Morton College Mt Hood Community College Mt. San Antonio College Nassau Community College Niagara County Community College Normandale Community College North Hennepin Community College Northwestern Connecticut Community College Nunez Community College Ocean County College Ohlone Community College Pasadena City College Passaic County Community College Prairie State College Prince George’s Community College Randolph Community College Raritan Valley Community College Redlands Community College Renton Technical College

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 35 Appendix - Washington, DC Area Prince George’s Community College IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Associate’s—Public Suburban-Serving Single Campus Anne Arundel Community College Allegany College of Maryland Anne Arundel Community College Rio Hondo College Appalachian State University Anne Arundel Community College Antelope Valley College River Parishes Community College Bergen Community College Baltimore City Community College Asnuntuck Community College Rockland Community College Brookdale Community College Blue Ridge Community College Barstow Community College Rose State College Bucks County Community College Carroll Community College Bergen Community College Salem Community College Bunker Hill Community College Cecil College Bridgemont Community and Technical Schoolcraft College Burlington County College Central Virginia Community College College Shoreline Community College Camden County College Chesapeake College Brookdale Community College Solano Community College Community College of Allegheny County College of Southern Maryland Butler County Community College South Suburban College Community College of Philadelphia Dabney S Lancaster Community College Carroll Community College Southwestern College Community College of Rhode Island Danville Community College Cascadia Community College St Charles Community College County College of Morris Eastern Shore Community College Cayuga County Community College St Clair County Community College CUNY Borough of Manhattan Community Frederick Community College Cecil College SUNY Westchester Community College College Garrett College Central Ohio Technical College Sussex County Community College CUNY Bronx Community College Germanna Community College Century College Taft College CUNY Kingsborough Community College Hagerstown Community College Cerritos College Thomas Nelson Community College CUNY LaGuardia Community College Harford Community College Chattahoochee Technical College Tidewater Community College CUNY Queensborough Community Howard Community College Citrus College Tri-County Technical College College J Sargeant Reynolds Community College College of DuPage Triton College Delaware County Community College John Tyler Community College College of the Canyons Tunxis Community College Dutchess Community College Lord Fairfax Community College Community College of Beaver County Victor Valley College Erie Community College Montgomery College Copper Mountain Community College Volunteer State Community College Essex County College Mountain Empire Community College County College of Morris Warren County Community College Harrisburg Area Community College- New River Community College Dakota County Technical College Waubonsee Community College Harrisburg Northern Virginia Community College Davidson County Community College Weatherford College Hudson County Community College Patrick Henry Community College Delaware County Community College West Georgia Technical College Hudson Valley Community College Paul D Camp Community College Edison State Community College Westmoreland County Community Mercer County Community College Piedmont Virginia Community College El Camino College-Compton Center College Middlesex County College Rappahannock Community College El Camino Community College District York Technical College Monroe Community College Richard Bland College of the College of Finger Lakes Community College Montgomery College William and Mary Frederick Community College Montgomery County Community College Southside Virginia Community College Gaston College Nassau Community College Southwest Virginia Community College Gavilan College Northampton County Area Community The Community College of Baltimore Glendale Community College College County Gloucester County College Ocean County College Thomas Nelson Community College Greenfield Community College Onondaga Community College Tidewater Community College Gwinnett Technical College Suffolk County Community College Virginia Highlands Community College Harford Community College The Community College of Baltimore Virginia Western Community College Harper College County Wor-Wic Community College Holyoke Community College Union County College Wytheville Community College Howard Community College Inver Hills Community College Johnson County Community College Johnston Community College Joliet Junior College Kishwaukee College Lake Tahoe Community College Lakeland Community College Lamar Institute of Technology Lehigh Carbon Community College Lewis and Clark Community College Luzerne County Community College Manchester Community College McHenry County College Middlesex Community College Middlesex County College Mid-South Community College Monroe County Community College Moraine Valley Community College Morton College Mt Hood Community College Mt. San Antonio College Nassau Community College Niagara County Community College Normandale Community College North Hennepin Community College Northwestern Connecticut Community College Nunez Community College Ocean County College Ohlone Community College Pasadena City College Passaic County Community College Prairie State College Randolph Community College Raritan Valley Community College Redlands Community College Renton Technical College

36 ©2014 - The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators Appendix - Washington, DC Area Northern Virginia Community College IPEDS Automatic Grouping State and Level Associate’s—Public Suburban-Serving Multicampus Bluegrass Community and Technical Allegany College of Maryland Alamance Community College Pierce College at Fort Steilacoom College Anne Arundel Community College Anoka Technical College Pierce College at Puyallup Brevard Community College Baltimore City Community College Anoka-Ramsey Community College Quincy College Cape Fear Community College Blue Ridge Community College Arapahoe Community College Rappahannock Community College Central Georgia Technical College Carroll Community College Bucks County Community College Red Rocks Community College Central Piedmont Community College Cecil College Burlington County College Rowan-Cabarrus Community College Chattahoochee Technical College Central Virginia Community College Butler Community College Roxbury Community College Chattanooga State Community College Chesapeake College Camden County College Saddleback College Delgado Community College College of Southern Maryland Canada College San Jacinto Community College East Carolina University Dabney S Lancaster Community College Central Arizona College Santa Ana College East Mississippi Community College Danville Community College Chabot College Santa Monica College Fayetteville Technical Community Eastern Shore Community College Chaffey College Santiago Canyon College College Frederick Community College Clackamas Community College Sierra College Forsyth Technical Community College Garrett College Clover Park Technical College Skyline College Georgia Perimeter College Germanna Community College Coastline Community College South Central Louisiana Technical Greenville Technical College Hagerstown Community College College of Lake County College-Young Memorial Campus Guilford Technical Community College Harford Community College College of Marin Southern Crescent Technical College Hillsborough Community College Howard Community College College of San Mateo Southwestern Illinois College Hinds Community College J Sargeant Reynolds Community College College of Southern Maryland Suffolk County Community College Holmes Community College John Tyler Community College College of the Desert The Community College of Baltimore Itawamba Community College Lord Fairfax Community College Collin County Community College District County J Sargeant Reynolds Community College Montgomery College Community College of Aurora Trinity Valley Community College Jefferson Community and Technical Mountain Empire Community College Contra Costa College Union County College College New River Community College Cuyamaca College Waukesha County Technical College Jefferson State Community College Patrick Henry Community College Cypress College West Hills College Coalinga John C Calhoun State Community Paul D Camp Community College Davis Applied Technology College West Valley College College Piedmont Virginia Community College De Anza College Midlands Technical College Prince George’s Community College Diablo Valley College Mississippi Gulf Coast Community Rappahannock Community College East Central College College Richard Bland College of the College of Eastern Iowa Community College District Pasco-Hernando Community College William and Mary Edmonds Community College Pellissippi State Community College Southside Virginia Community College Elgin Community College Pitt Community College Southwest Virginia Community College Foothill College Pulaski Technical College The Community College of Baltimore Front Range Community College Rowan-Cabarrus Community College County Fullerton College Southwest Tennessee Community Thomas Nelson Community College Gateway Community and Technical College Tidewater Community College College Tallahassee Community College Virginia Highlands Community College Georgia Perimeter College Thomas Nelson Community College Virginia Western Community College Georgia Piedmont Technical College Tidewater Community College Wor-Wic Community College Golden West College Trident Technical College Wytheville Community College Green River Community College Wake Technical Community College Grossmont College Guilford Technical Community College Hennepin Technical College Henry Ford Community College Highline Community College Iowa Western Community College Irvine Valley College James H Faulkner State Community College Jefferson College John Tyler Community College Las Positas College Lee College Lone Star College System Los Medanos College Macomb Community College Massachusetts Bay Community College Middlesex Community College MiraCosta College Mission College Mohave Community College Montgomery College Montgomery County Community College Montgomery County Community College-West Campus Mt. San Jacinto Community College District North Shore Community College Northampton County Area Community College Northern Essex Community College Oakland Community College Oakton Community College Orange Coast College Palo Verde College Palomar College Pasco-Hernando Community College

The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - ©2014 37 The National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NASFAA) supports the training, diversity, and professional development of financial aid administrators; advocates for public policies and programs that increase student access to and success in postsecondary education; and serves as a forum for communication and collaboration on student financial aid issues.

© 2013 National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators

1101 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW, SUITE 1100 WASHINGTON, DC 20036-4303 202.785.0453 FAX. 202.785.1487 WWW.NASFAA.ORG