An Introduction to Music Studies Free

FREE AN INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC STUDIES PDF Jim Samson,J. P. E. Harper-Scott | 310 pages | 31 Jan 2009 | CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9780521603805 | English | Cambridge, United Kingdom An Introduction to Music Studies by J.P.E. Harper-Scott Musicology departments traditionally belong to the humanitiesalthough some music research is scientific in focus psychological, sociological, acoustical, neurological, computational. A scholar who participates in musical research is a musicologist. Musicology traditionally is divided in three main branches: historical musicologysystematic musicology and ethnomusicology. Historical musicologists mostly study the history of the so-called Western classical traditionthough the study of music history need not be limited to that. Ethnomusicologists draw An Introduction to Music Studies anthropology particularly field research to understand how and why people make music. Systematic musicology includes music theoryaestheticspedagogymusical acousticsthe science and technology of musical instrumentsand the musical implications of physiology, psychology, sociology, philosophy and computing. Cognitive musicology is the set of phenomena surrounding the cognitive modeling of music. When musicologists carry out research using computers, their research often falls under the field of computational musicology. Music therapy is a specialized form of applied musicology which is sometimes considered more closely affiliated with health fields, and other times regarded as part of musicology proper. The 19th century philosophical trends that led to the re-establishment of formal musicology education in German and Austrian universities had combined methods of systematization with evolution. These models were established not only in the field of physical anthropologybut also cultural anthropology. This was influenced by Hegel 's ideas on ordering "phenomena" from the simple to complex as the stages of evolution are classified from primitive to developed, and stages of history from ancient to modern. Comparative methods became more widespread in diverse disciplines from anatomy to Indo-European linguisticsand beginning aroundalso in comparative musicology. Musicology also has two central, practically oriented sub-disciplines with no parent discipline: performance practice and research sometimes viewed as a form of artistic researchand the theoryanalysis and composition of music. The disciplinary neighbors of musicology address other forms of artperformanceritual and communicationincluding the history An Introduction to Music Studies theory of the visual and plastic arts and of architecture; linguisticsliterature and theater ; religion and theology ; and sport. Musical knowledge is applied in medicine, education and music therapy —which, effectively, are parent disciplines of applied musicology. Music history or historical musicology is concerned with the composition, performance, reception and criticism of music over time. Historical studies of music are for example concerned with a composer's life and works, the developments of styles and genres, e. Like the comparable field of art historydifferent branches and schools of historical musicology emphasize different types of musical works and approaches to music. There are also national differences in An Introduction to Music Studies definitions of historical musicology. In theory, "music history" could refer to the study of the history of any type or genre of music, e. In practice, these research topics are more often considered within ethnomusicology see below and "historical musicology" is typically assumed to imply Western Art music of the European tradition. The methods of historical musicology include source studies especially manuscript studiespaleographyphilology especially textual criticismstyle criticism, historiography the choice of historical methodmusical analysis analysis of music to find "inner coherence" [5] and iconography. The application of musical analysis to further these goals is often a part of music history, though pure analysis or the development of new tools of music analysis is more likely to be seen in the field of music theory. Music historians create a number of An Introduction to Music Studies products, ranging from journal An Introduction to Music Studies describing their current research, new editions of musical works, biographies of composers and other musicians, book-length studies or university textbook chapters or entire textbooks. Music historians may examine issues in a close focus, as in the case An Introduction to Music Studies scholars who examine the relationship between words and music for a given composer's art songs. On the other hand, some scholars take a broader view, and assess the place of a given type of music, such as the symphony in society using techniques drawn from other fields, such as economics, sociology or philosophy. New musicology is a term applied since the late s to a wide body of work emphasizing cultural studyanalysis and criticism of music. Such work may be based on feministgender studiesqueer theory or postcolonial theory, or the work of Theodor W. Although New Musicology emerged from within historical musicology, the emphasis on cultural study within the Western art music tradition places An Introduction to Music Studies Musicology at the junction between historical, ethnological and sociological research in music. New musicology was a reaction against traditional historical musicology, which according to Susan McClary"fastidiously declares issues of musical signification off-limits to those engaged in legitimate scholarship. Ethnomusicologyformerly comparative musicology, is the study of music in its cultural context. It An Introduction to Music Studies often considered the anthropology or ethnography of music. Jeff Todd Titon has An Introduction to Music Studies it the study of "people making music". Some ethnomusicologists primarily conduct historical studies, [9] but the majority are involved in long-term participant observation or combine ethnographic, musicological, and historical approaches in their fieldwork. Therefore, ethnomusiological scholarship can be characterized as featuring a An Introduction to Music Studies, intensive fieldwork component, often involving long-term residence within the community studied. Closely related to ethnomusiology is the emerging branch of sociomusicology. For instance, Ko proposed the hypothesis of "Biliterate and Trimusical" in Hong Kong sociomusicology. Popular music studies, known, "misleadingly", [11] as popular musicologyemerged An Introduction to Music Studies the s as an increasing number of musicologists, ethnomusicologists and other varieties of historians of An Introduction to Music Studies and European culture began to write about popular musics past and present. The first journal focusing on popular music studies was Popular Musicwhich began publication in An Introduction to Music Studies The same year an academic society solely devoted to the topic was formed, the International Association for the Study of Popular Music. The Association's founding was partly motivated by the interdisciplinary agenda of popular musicology though the group has been characterized by a polarized 'musicological' and 'sociological' approach also typical of popular musicology. Music theory is a field of study that describes the elements of music and includes the development and application of methods for composing and for analyzing music through both notation and, on occasion, musical sound itself. Broadly, theory may include any statement, belief or conception of or about music Boretz A person who studies or practices music theory is a music theorist. Some music theorists attempt to explain the techniques composers use by establishing rules An Introduction to Music Studies patterns. Others model the experience of listening to or performing music. Though extremely diverse in their interests and commitments, many Western music theorists are united in their belief that the acts of composing, performing and listening to music may be explicated to a high degree of detail this, as opposed to a conception of musical expression as fundamentally ineffable except in musical sounds. Generally, works of music theory are both descriptive and prescriptive, attempting both to define practice and to influence later practice. Musicians study music theory to understand the structural relationships in the nearly always notated music. Composers study music theory to understand how to produce effects and structure their own works. Composers may study music theory to guide their precompositional and compositional decisions. Broadly speaking, music theory in the Western tradition An Introduction to Music Studies on harmony and counterpointand An Introduction to Music Studies uses these to explain large scale structure and the creation of melody. Music psychology applies the content and methods of all subdisciplines of psychology perceptioncognitionmotivationetc. While aspects of the field can be highly theoretical, much of modern music psychology seeks to An Introduction to Music Studies the practices and professions of music performance, composition, education and therapy. Performance practice draws on many of the tools of historical musicology to answer the specific question of how music was performed in various places at various times in the past. Although previously confined to early music, recent research in performance practice has embraced questions such An Introduction to Music

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