1 Apidologie Supplementary material

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3 Plant diversity and composition compensate for negative effects of urbanization on 4 foraging bumble bees 5

6 Marietta Hülsmann, Henrik von Wehrden, Alexandra-Maria Klein, Sara Diana Leonhardt*

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8 * Corresponding author:

9 Department of Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074

10 Würzburg, Germany,

11 e-mail: [email protected]

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14 Figure S1. The 15 study plots marked with Google Earth. Red stripes indicate the distance

15 from the city central point of Lüneburg.

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17 Figure S2. Detrended correspondence analysis of vegetation samples; only occurring in more than 15 out of the total of all 105 surveys are shown, three visually overlapping species labels are deleted in the figure, and down-weighting of rare species was switched off.

Length of gradient on first axis: 9, indicating 1-2 turnovers in the data; second axis: 6, indicating 1 turnover in the data. Loadings on the first axis were used as predictor for vegetation community patterns (V) within generalized linear mixed effect models.

Figure S3. Principal component analysis of the habitat parameters. Data were derived from

Google earth in a 500 m radius. The first axis explained 76% of variance and the second axis explained 13% or variance. Loadings on the first axis were used as habitat predictor (H) within generalized linear mixed effect models.

Tables

Table SIII. Description of fragment coverage types. Type Comprises Concrete houses, streets, motorways, parking places Garden private gardens, botanical gardens, allotment gardens Meadow lawns, embankments, meadows, pastures Tree population forests, groups of trees Water lakes, rivers Farmland crop fields

Table SIV. Bumble bee species group classification, adapted from (Edwards & Jenner 2009; von Hagen et al. 2003; Lye et al. 2012 and Prŷs-Jones & Corbet 2011) Color code Species Varieties Rare similar species two yellow bands on thorax, , occasionally lacking one yellow Bombus soroeensis, white abdomen tip band (Bombus terrestris) , three yellow bands (2 on Bombus hortorum faded bands Bombus ruderatus thorax, 1 at abdomen basis), white tail brown thorax, white tail Bombus hypnorum black thorax - black-thorax, red tail Bombus lapidarius faded abdomen tip Bombus ruderarius two yellow bands on thorax, Bombus pratorum occasionally without yellow bands - red tail brown thorax and abdomen Bombus pascuorum bright and dark form Bombus humilis, Bombus sylvarum(with faded abdomen tip)

Table SV. Numbers of bumble bees (total and species groups) observed over the season. Month Total B. terrestris B. lapidarius B. hortorum B. pratorum B. hypnorum B. pascuorum April (1) 17 11 2 0 0 0 4 May (2) 6 3 1 0 0 0 2 June (3) 171 36 28 21 8 35 43 July (4) 208 53 41 16 18 9 71 August (5) 210 77 38 0 9 0 86 August (6) 82 28 18 0 0 0 36 September (7) 5 0 0 0 0 0 5

Table SVI. Numbers of bumble bees (total and species groups) observed on the fifteen study plots over the entire season. Plot Total B. terrestris B. lapidarius B. hortorum B. pratorum B. hypnorum B. pascuorum Total 699 208 128 37 35 44 247 Kurpark 146 51 7 4 3 21 60 Leuphana 101 31 36 2 9 1 22 Pferdeteich 90 21 30 4 9 4 22 Hasenburger 59 13 7 5 4 6 24 Rathausgarden 59 30 0 0 0 4 25 Volgershall 45 18 11 8 0 0 8 Kirchsteig 42 10 5 4 7 3 13 Düvelsbrooker 33 2 2 6 0 0 23 Kaltenmoor 29 3 11 2 0 3 10 Lambertiplatz 26 11 5 0 1 0 9 Cinestar 22 1 3 2 0 2 14 Fit 22 9 5 0 0 0 8 Clamartpark 11 0 2 0 0 0 9 Altstadt 9 5 2 0 2 0 0 Liebesgrund 5 3 2 0 0 0 0