1 Biological Assessment/Evaluation Threatened

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15)

Biological Assessment/Evaluation Threatened, Endangered, Proposed, and Forest Service Sensitive Species Forest-wide Projects Having No Effect

Klamath Province Six Rivers National Forest

Original Document Dated November 9, 1993 Level 1 Consultation Team Revised Document Dated May 12, 1997 Revised Document Dated October 27, 2003 Revised Document Dated April 23, 2008 Revised Document Dated October 26, 2012 Revised Document Dated April 1, 2013 Revised Document Dated October 23, 2013 Revised Document Dated March 7, 2014 Revised Document Dated November 18, 2014 Revised Document Dated May 14, 2015

Prepared/ Name Title/Agency Original Previous Signature Current Reviewed Signature Dates Signature Date Date Prepared Brenda Widlife 5/27/97 10/27/03 04/01/13 5/14/ 2015 Devlin-Craig Biologist USFS 04/23/08 10/23/13 10/26/12 3/7/ 2014 02/06/13 Prepared Karen Fisheries 3/7/2014 5/14/2015 Kenfield Biologist USFS Reviewed Lisa Hoover Forest Botanist 6/5/97 4/23/03 5/14/ 2015 USFS 3/7/ 2014 Prepared Michael Fisheries 5/28/97 10/27/03 McCain Biologist USFS 04/23/08 Prepared Kristin Widlife 5/20/97 Schmidt Biologist USFS Reviewed Robin Hamlin Widlife 6/5/97 Biologist USFWS Prepared Jerry Barnes Fisheries 5/16/97 Biologist USFS Reviewed Greg Bryant Fisheries 5/20/97 Biologist NMFS

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15)

This Page is Intentionally Blank

2 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15)

I. INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this biological assessment/evaluation (BA/BE) is to review the proposed Forest Service actions which are listed in Section IV, in sufficient detail to determine if the proposed actions may affect any of the threatened, endangered, proposed, or Forest Service sensitive species, or threatened or endangered species' designated critical habitat. This BA/BE is prepared in accordance with legal requirements set forth under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1536 (c)), and follows the standards established in Forest Service Manual direction (FSM 2672.42). This BA/BE incorporates the Forest-wide Reference Biological Assessment/Evaluation Document. The Reference Document contains current management direction, species life history and habitat requirements information (on which effects of proposed projects are evaluated), and literature cited. The Reference Document is updated periodically as species status or other information changes. The date of the version used will be recorded on the attached tier form for each specific project. This BA/BE can be used to document effects to TES wildlife, fish and botany species. It is not required that all resources use this for a project. When effects are greater to one TEP species than what is described, or, if more description is necessary to document the “no effect” determination, a stand-alone BA/BE can be used for that species. This BA/BE can still serve as the documentation for the remaining species, including minor impacts to FSS species.

LIST OF SPECIES CONSIDERED

The USFWS provides a species list through a new national website “IPaC” or “Information for Planning and Conversation” (ecos.fws.gov/ipac/). This process is under development and may not contain the most accurate list, therefore, the list of ESA listed species will be confirmed during the Level 1 process (Streamlining MOU, 2013). The following endangered, threatened, proposed, and Forest Service Sensitive species are addressed in this document. These species are known to or are suspected to occur on Six Rivers National Forest (SRNF), including the Ukonom Ranger District (which is administered by the SRNF), or are species that may be affected by actions occurring on SRNF (i.e. downstream effects to anadromous salmonid populations). Those species that are suspected or known to occur on both the SRNF and Ukonom Ranger District are notated with a double asterisk.

Endangered

Gray wolf (Canis lupus) (Ukonom District only) McDonald's rock-cress (Arabis macdonaldiana Eastwood)

Threatened Northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) ** Marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) ** Western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) Coho salmon (Southern Oregon/Northern California Coasts ESU) (Oncorhynchus kisutch) ** Chinook salmon (California Coastal ESU) (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Steelhead (Northern California DPS) (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) Critical Habitat Northern spotted owl** Marbled murrelet** Coho salmon – Southern Oregon/Northern California ESU** Chinook salmon – California Coastal ESU Steelhead – Northern California DPS Western yellow-billed cuckoo (Proposed)

Proposed Fisher (Pekania pennanti) West Coast Distinct Population Segment (DPS) **

Essential Fish Habitat Coho salmon** Chinook salmon**

Forest Service Sensitive Species Updated as of July 3, 2013

Wildlife Species Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) ** Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) ** Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax trailii) – (Ukomon RD only) California wolverine (Gulo gulo luteus)** Pacific marten (Martes caurina) ** Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) ** Fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes) ** Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) ** Mardon skipper (Polites mardon mardon) Western bumblebee (Bombus occidentalis) **

Aquatic Species Western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata) ** Southern torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton variegatus) ** Northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora) Foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii) ** Cascade frog (Rana cascadae) (Ukonom RD only) Steelhead (Klamath Mountains Province DPS) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ** Chinook salmon (Upper Klamath and Trinity Rivers ESU) (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) ** Chinook salmon (Southern Oregon/California Coasts ESU) (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) ** Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) California Floater (Anodonta californiensis) Chace Juga (Juga chacei) Pristine springsnail (Pristinicola hemphilli)

2 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) Forest Service Sensitive Plant and Fungi Species Vascular Plants Anisocarpus scabridus (scabrid alpine tarplant) Bensoniella oregana (Oregon bensoniella) Boechera koehleri (Koehler’s rock-cress) Calycadenia micrantha (small-flowered calycadenia) Cypripedium fasciculatum (clustered lady’s slipper)** Cypripedium montanum (mountain lady’s slipper)** Draba carnosula (Mt. Eddy draba)** Epilobium oreganum (Oregon willowherb)** Eriogonum hirtellum (Klamath Mountain buckwheat) Erigeron maniopotamicus (Mad River fleabane daisy) Erythronium hendersonii (Henderson’s fawn lily)** Eucephalis vialis (wayside aster) Frasera umquaensis (Umqua green-gentian) Gentiana setigera (Mendocino gentian) Iliamna latibracteata (California wild hollyhock) Lathyrus biflorus (twoflower peavine) Lewisia kelloggii ssp. kelloggii (Kellogg’s lewisia) Lewisia oppositifolia (opposite-leaved lewisia) Lupinus constancei (Lassics lupine) Minuartia decumbens (Lassics sandwort) Packera hesperia (western senecio) Pedicularis howellii (Howell’s lousewort)**Prosartes parvifolia (Siskiyou bells) Sanicula tracyi (Tracy’s sanicle) Sedum obtusatum ssp. paradisum (Canyon Creek stonecrop) Silene serpentinicola (serpentine catchfly) Streptanthus howellii (Howell’s jewelflower) Streptanthus oblanceolatus (Trinity River jewel-flower) Tauschia howellii (Howell’s tauschia)** Thermopsis robusta (false yellow lupine)** Tracyina rostrata (beaked tracyina) Viola lanceolata ssp. occidentalis (western bog violet)

Lichens & Bryophytes: Buxbaumia viridis (green bug-on-a-stick)** Calicium adspersum (stubble lichen) Fissidens pauperculus (minute pocket moss) Mielichoferia elongata (elongate copper moss) Peltigera gowardii (veined water lichen)** Ramalina thrausta (angel hair) Sulcaria badia (bay horsehair lichen)

Fungi: Boletus pulcherrimus (red-pored bolete)** Cudonia monticola (mountain cudonia)** Dendrocollybia racemosa (branched collybia)**

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) Otidea smithii (Smith’s otidea) Phaeocollybia olivaceae (olive phaeocollybia)** Tricholomopsis fulvescens (tawny tricholomopsis)** II. CONSULTATION TO DATE

In 1996 the Guidelines for Streamlining Consultation were developed and interagency Level 1 Consultation Teams were formed. These guidelines were re-issued in 2013 for Region 5.

Informal consultation, both pre- and post- Level 1 Team formation, occurred at various times since 1993 between U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and USFS biologists on the list of projects considered in this document. The Level 1 team agreed that the projects listed in Section IV will not affect listed species or designated critical habitat and will not require consultation with the USFWS. The list was reviewed on 2012 and the determination verified.

In 1995 and 1996 the Six Rivers National Forest conducted the Marbled Murrelet (MAMU) Range and Distribution Study area (RDS). The RDS involved surveying Zone 2 on the Six Rivers and parts of the Klamath National Forest (south of the Klamath River). In 1998 and 1999 the second phase of the project, which surveyed the remaining areas of Zone 2 (excluding portions of the Happy Camp District), was completed. No MAMU were detected. The finding of the Range and Distribution Study is that this portion of the Forest (Zone 2) is outside of the range of the MAMU. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) agreed with this conclusion (Technical Assistance letters #1-14-97- TA-9 and #1-14-1997-61.2).

The ESA requires that federal agencies seek information from FWS/NMFS whether any species which is listed or proposed to be listed may be present in the area of a federal action. Previously, the list of species considered was developed from the “Listed/Proposed Threatened and Endangered Species for the Six Rivers National Forest” provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS: updated via website). USFWS no longer provides this list, therefore, SRNF biologists will confirm the most current species list during the Level 1 process (Streamlining MOU, 2013). USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region Sensitive Species List is updated periodically. The list contains species located off the Forest boundaries as actions on SRNF may have effects downstream or off- forest.

III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT DIRECTION

See the Six Rivers National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) and the Forest- wide Reference Document. All actions that tier to this document will be consistent with standards and guidelines identified in the LRMP. Actions related to the Ukonom Ranger District are consistent with the Klamath National Forest LRMP dated 1994.

NSO Recovery Plan

On June 28, 2011, the FWS released the Revised Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). The purpose of recovery plans is to describe reasonable actions and criteria that are considered necessary to recover a listed species. Recovery criteria serve as objective, measurable guidelines to assist in determining when an endangered species has recovered to the point that it may be downlisted to threatened, or that the protections afforded by the ESA are no longer

4 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) necessary and the species may be delisted. Recovery actions are the Service’s recommendations to guide the activities needed to accomplish the recovery criteria. The 2011 Revised Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl represents the “best available science.” The 2011 RP recognizes the importance of maintaining, and restoring, habitat for the recovery and long-term survival of the spotted owl. The 2011 Recovery Plan relies on Federal lands to provide the major contribution for recovery (USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 2011).

Implementation of the projects listed in Section IV will neither promote nor prevent the achievement of Recovery Plan objectives.

NSO Revised Critical Habitat

NSO Critical Habitat was revised in December of 2012 (77 Fed Reg. 71876-72068). In the Critical Habitat designation, the Service identified the physical or biological features essential to the conservation of the northern spotted owl, focusing on the primary constituent elements (PCE). PCEs are those specific elements of the physical or biological features that provide for a species life-history processes and are essential to the conservation of the species. For the NSO, the PCEs are the specific characteristics that make areas suitable for nesting, roosting, foraging, and dispersal habitat.

SONCC Coho Salmon Recovery Plan

The final recovery plan for SONCC coho salmon was released by the National Marine Fisheries Service in September 2014. The final recovery plan identified threats and stresses to the SONCC population which continue to degrade habitat or impact individuals. Certain projects (maintenance of facilities, structures, fences etc.) listed in Section IV would result in a lower risk of an impact occurring to coho habitat, however the removal or prevention of a potential impact is not measurable and therefore can still tier to this Programmatic. Implementation of projects listed in Section IV will neither promote nor prevent attainment of recovery goals and objectives.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION

The Six Rivers National Forest seeks to implement a variety of projects Forest-wide that do not affect suitable habitat for any threatened, endangered, proposed, or Forest Service sensitive (TEPS) species, or threatened or endangered species' designated critical habitat.

The projects are designed to be implemented manually or result in no net increase of noise disturbance beyond the routine background noise levels, and are limited in scope with little to no new ground disturbance. In order to reduce the documentation workload to implement these projects, this document will serve as a blanket biological assessment/evaluation for the projects listed below. Project-specific information is recorded on the attached tier form.

Projects within riparian reserves would be disconnected hydrologically from the stream network and would not alter vegetation such that bank stability, temperature or allocthonous input of organic material are impacted. Projects above Matthews Dam would be a No Effect for listed salmonids as this is a complete barrier to upstream migration.

None of the projects considered in this document are expected to affect any TEP species or their habitats, or cause a trend toward listing for any Forest Service Sensitive (FSS) Species. Projects 5

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) that affect suitable habitat or designated critical habitat, or that generate noise disturbance above normal background levels for the listed wildlife species in this document cannot be tiered to this BA and will require a separate analysis. Projects that occur within listed fish species habitat may require separate analysis based on the level of disturbance.

Projects that are not on the following list but that meet the criteria described in this document and are determined to be "no effect” may be tiered to this BA/BE provided additional explanation is included on the attached tier form.

“No Effect” determination is the appropriate conclusion when there is no effect whatsoever including small effects, effects that are unlikely to occur, and beneficial effects (all of which are recognized as “may affect” determinations). A no effect determination is only appropriate if the proposed action will literally have no affect whatsoever on the species and/or critical habitat, not a small effect, an effect that is unlikely to occur, or a beneficial effect.

Projects determined to be no effect can be tiered to this programmatic BA by using the No Effect BA/BE Documentation Form provided at the end of this document.

See the Effects Section (VI) for detailed direction.

Projects covered under this document include the following: 1. Manual vegetation planting, grubbing, and pruning 2. Seedling protectors and mat placement, maintenance, and removal from plantations 3. Manual oak stump sprout thinning 4. Fish habitat surveys/monitoring including habitat typing and fish population census by direct observation 5. Botanical and Wildlife species surveys/monitoring, without direct contact/capturing of TEP wildlife species 6. Manually constructed wildlife habitat improvement structures, maintenance of instream enhancement projects 7. Guzzler installation, repair and maintenance 8. Nest box installation, repair and maintenance 9. Pond sealing 10. Cone collecting 11. Collection of miscellaneous forest products, i.e., mushroom gathering, following LMP guidelines 12. Facility maintenance, (e.g. campground, District offices, weather stations, fire stations, etc) 13. Gate and sign installation 14. Installation of silt fences 15. Manually constructed range improvements outside of riparian reserves (includes springs). Spring boxes/trough maintenance (plumbing, escape ramps) may fit under this Programmatic if habitat conditions for spring snails do not exist and project does not generate sediment into stream systems. 16. Installation of interpretive signs, kiosks, and road markers on FS roads and trails 17. Manual non-OHV trail construction or manual non-OHV trail maintenance with the potential exception of stream crossings, 18. Small Tracts Act land conveyances

6 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) 19. Issuance and re-issuances of Special Use Permits for non-noise disturbance activities for wildlife TEP species; 20. re-issuance of Special Use Permits for existing facilities, such as communications sites 21. Any noise disturbance project not within 0.25 miles of suitable TEP nesting habitat 22. Any project, limited in scope that meets the Aquatic Conservation Strategy and does not generate sediment, does not change water quality/quantity or otherwise cause a change to spring and stream conditions such that aquatic species could be affected. These projects would not affect any TEP wildlife, fish, or TEPS plant species or their habitats. 23. Potential noise disturbance projects that will not impact suitable marbled murrelet nesting habitat. Seasonal restriction required between March 24 and September 15. (Disturbance projects starting after August 5th require consultation with USFWS.) 24. Potential noise disturbance projects that will not impact suitable northern spotted owl nesting habitat. Seasonal restriction required between February 1 and July 31. 25. Manual treatment of invasive and noxious plant species including application of weed cloth a. for covering localized sites after treatment 26. Controlled livestock grazing of invasive species and noxious plant species outside of Riparian Reserves 27. Mechanical treatments of invasive species where noise levels will not be above background levels (eg. level 3-5 roads). 28. Revegetation for habitat improvement or recovery. The projects will be located throughout the Forest within, adjacent to, and outside of suitable habitat for the species considered in this document.

None of the projects considered in this document may occur within and occupied nest /denning stand for any TEPS wildlife species or within line of sight of an occupied bald eagle nest site during the breeding season (LRMP).

Projects which cause ground disturbance in Sensitive plant habitat require a separate BA. An example would be Activity item #17 related to manual non-OHV trail construction may not be considered a “no effect” activity for Sensitive plants. A field review of the project area would be required.is required. Projects which cause ground disturbance in Sensitive plant habitat require a separate BA. Projects occurring within Riparian Reserves will not result in sediment or petroleum delivery to the stream channel, alter vegetation such that bank stability, temperature or allocthonous input of organic material are impacted. Best Management Practices would be implemented and Wet Weather seasonal restrictions may need to be applied – note on Tier form if required for NE determination. The majority of these projects are not expected to contribute to the desired future condition of habitat for any of the species considered in this document; nor would they retard or prevent attainment of the ACS objectives or the NSO Recovery Plan objectives.

To fall within this programmatic, there would be no interrelated or interdependent activities that involve this proposed action and threatened, endangered or sensitive wildlife species, or threatened or endangered species' designated critical habitat.

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) V. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

A. Species Account.

The species considered in this document may occur in the vicinity of the projects listed above. No formal surveys for any of these species would be undertaken in relation to these projects.

See the Forest-wide Reference Document for species life history information.

Threatened, Endangered, or Proposed Species

Endangered Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) – (Ukonom RD Only) There are no records of the grey wolf within the project areas. Project areas may occur within McDonald's rock-cress habitat. McDonald's Rock-cress (Arabis macdonaldiana Eastwood) There may be records of McDonald's rock-cress within the project areas. Project areas may occur within McDonald's rock-cress habitat.

Threatened Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) There may be recorded sightings of northern spotted owl (NSO) within the project areas. These projects may occur in or within 0.25 miles of suitable nesting/roosting NSO habitat or Critical Habitat Units. No PCEs of CHU will be affected. Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) There may be recorded sightings of marbled murrelet within the project areas. These projects may occur in or within 0.25 miles of suitable nesting marbled murrelet habitat. Western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) The WYBC breeds in riparian habitat along low-gradient perennial rivers and streams, and in open riverine valleys that provide wide floodplain conditions. The WYBC requires large tracts of willow- cottonwood forest or riparian woodland for their nesting season habitat. The optimal size of habitat patches for the species are generally greater than 200 acres in extent and have dense canopy closure (minimum 70 % CC) with high foliage volume of willows (Salix sp.) and cottonwoods (Populus sp.). Sites with strips of habitat less than 325 ft (100 m) in width are rarely occupied. WYBC cuckoos rarely nest at sites less than 50 acres (20 hectares (ha)) in size, and sites less than 37 acres (15 ha) are considered unsuitable habitat.

The majority of rivers and streams on the Six Rivers National Forest are steep-sided and conifer dominated, with limited deciduous riparian vegetation. Areas of potential habitat were field reviewed in 2014. In all areas, the habitat was determined to be too limited in size, too narrow, and lacking necessary contiguous deciduous riparian vegetation to meet the broadest interpretations of known

8 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) breeding habitat requirements for the WYBC. The Six Rivers National Forest does not contain suitable habitat for this species. Coho salmon (Southern Oregon/Northern California Coasts ESU) (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Chinook salmon (California Coastal ESU) (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Steelhead (Northern California DPS) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) These projects may occur within or near Riparian Reserves that contain Critical Habitat for these three species, as well as Essential Fish Habitat for coho and Chinook salmon. CC Chinook is not currently found within SRNF boundaries.

Proposed Fisher (Pekania pennanti) There may be recorded sightings of fisher within the project areas. These projects may occur in or within 0.25 miles of suitable fisher habitat.

Forest Service Sensitive Species

Sensitive Terrestrial Wildlife Species Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Project areas may occur within suitable bald eagle habitat or within a designated bald eagle territory outside line of sight from the nest site. Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) There may be recorded sightings of goshawk within the project areas. These projects may occur in suitable goshawk habitat, or designated goshawk territories. California Wolverine (Gulo gulo luteus) There may be recorded sightings of wolverine within the project areas. These projects may occur in or within 0.25 miles of suitable wolverine habitat. Pacific Marten (Martes americana) There may be recorded sightings of marten within the project areas. These projects may occur in or within 0.25 miles of suitable marten habitat, or designated marten territories. Townsend's Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) There may be suitable roost/hibernacula for big-eared bats in and within 0.25 miles the project areas. Fringed Myotis (Myotis thysanodes) There may be suitable roost/hibernacula for fringed myotis bats in and within 0.25 miles the project areas. Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus) There may be suitable roost/hibernacula for pallid bats in and within 0.25 miles the project areas. Mardon Skipper (Polites mardon) These projects may occur in suitable Mardon skipper habitat.

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) Western Bumblebee (Bombus occidentalis) These projects may occur in suitable western bumblebee habitat.

Sensitive Aquatic Reptile and Amphibian Species Western Pond Turtle (Clemmys marmorata) There may be recorded sightings of western pond turtles within the project areas. These projects may occur in suitable western pond turtle habitat. Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora aurora) There may be recorded sightings of red-legged frog within the project areas. These projects may occur in suitable red-legged frog habitat. Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana boylii) There may be recorded sightings of yellow-legged frog within the project areas. These projects may occur in suitable yellow-legged frog habitat. Southern Torrent Salamander (Rhyacotriton variegatus) There may be recorded sightings of southern torrent salamanders within the project areas. These projects may occur in suitable torrent salamander habitat. Cascade frog (Rana cascadae) (Ukonom RD Only) There may be recorded sightings of cascade frogs within the project areas. These projects may occur in suitable cascade frog habitat.

Sensitive Fish Species Steelhead (Klamath Mountains Province DPS) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Chinook salmon (Upper Klamath and Trinity Rivers ESU, Southern Oregon California Coastal ESU) (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Coastal cutthroat trout (Southern Oregon/ California Coasts ESU) (Oncorhynchus clarkii) Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) Western Brook Lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) Klamath River lamprey (Entosphenus similis) (Ukonom RD Only) The projects may occur within or adjacent to streams, near suitable aquatic habitat, and in Riparian Reserves of these aquatic FSS species.

Sensitive Aquatic Invertebrates Chace Juga (snail (Juga chacei) Pristine Springsnail (Pristinicola hemphilli) California Floater Mussel (Andonata californiensis) The projects may occur adjacent to springs and streams, near suitable aquatic habitat, and in Riparian Reserves of this aquatic FSS species.

10 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) Sensitive Plant and Fungi Species (See Appendix A. for complete list of species found on Six Rivers National Forest and the Ukonom Ranger District of the Klamath National Forest) There may be recorded sightings of Forest Sensitive plant and fungi species within the project areas. These projects may occur in suitable habitat for these species.

B. Habitat Status

Any of these projects may occur in suitable, critical or essential habitat for any of the species considered in this document.

VI. EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Wildlife:

There are three requirements for the projects listed in Section IV to be determined to be "no effect" for wildlife.

1. The first is that a project must not result in any impact to TEP suitable habitat or primary constituent elements of designated Critical Habitat or any impact to occupied nest/den stands for FSS species. A project must either not be located within suitable habitat for these species, or if it is located within suitable habitat, it must not impact the suitable components of the habitat. 2. The second requirement is that a project must not occur within sight of occupied nests/dens sites. Projects occurring within line of sight of occupied nest/den sites may cause disturbance regardless of whether or not noise is generated by the project. 3. The third requirement is that a project within 0.25 miles of suitable nesting habitat for TEP species or occupied nest/den site for FSS species considered in this document must not create noise disturbance. It must not generate any noise at all, or not create any noise beyond what is considered normal everyday background noise for the area in which it is located. If the noise generated by the project is above everyday background levels, a seasonal restriction must be imposed for any of the wildlife species considered in this document. Generally, projects implemented manually would not generate enough noise to be considered disturbance. Conversely, projects using gas-powered tools or heavy equipment would generate enough noise to be considered disturbance. However, gas-powered tools and heavy equipment could be used without creating noise disturbance in areas where their use does not exceed the normal background noise level (such as next to high use public areas).

Projects located within the nest protection or primary disturbance zones of any TEPS species would be evaluated on an individual basis to determine if further mitigations would be appropriate to prevent disturbance.

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) Stream and Spring Species:

For any given proposed action falling under the project list in section IV to be determined to be "no effect" for listed or Forest Service Sensitive aquatic species, Riparian Reserves (RRs) and associated Critical and Essential Fish Habitat cannot be affected. This could be the result of the either project not being in or near RRs, or that the project is in RRs but is of minor limited scope as to not cause any effect to individual listed fish or their habitat. Conversely, any activity in an RR that could cause enough disturbance to impact listed fish, such as introduce sediment into a stream that may affect coho salmon or habitat occurring adjacent to, or downstream of the project, that cannot be determined to be “no effect” will not tier to this programmatic BA. Such activity will require a separate BA. Because both listed and FSS aquatic species occupy the same habitat, it is unlikely that FSS aquatic species would be affected. Effects to aquatic species with a terrestrial life component would be minimal. A brief statement shall be included on the tier form for all projects occurring within Riparian Reserves (including springs) to document rationale for the No Effect to listed salmonids as well as indicate potential effects to identified aquatic FSS species, if any.

Botany:

In order for these projects to be considered "no effect" for MacDonald's rock-cress, said projects must not occur in occupied habitat located on the SRNRA. Projects that may result in a direct or indirect effect to an occurrence would require a separate BA.

In order for these projects to be considered "no impact" for sensitive plant and fungi species, said projects must not result in direct or indirect effects to the occurrence--either known or resulting from field surveys of potential habitat. Depending on the scope, scale and intensity of disturbance as well as the relative rarity of the species in terms of occurrence numbers and distribution, activities that coincide with an occurrence, may require a separate BE.

Cumulative Effects In view of the limited potential for effects upon the species listed in this document or their habitats, cumulative effects on any species are considered to be negligible. VII. DETERMINATION

Based on the size, nature and duration of these proposed actions, it is the joint determination of the wildlife and fisheries biologists and botanist that the projects listed in this document will have no effect on any threatened, endangered, or proposed species, or threatened or endangered species' designated critical habitat. Consultation with the USFWS or NMFS is not required.

Accordingly, these projects will either have no impact or will not cause a trend towards listing for any Forest Service Sensitive species.

VIII. MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

There are no management recommendations.

12 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) IX. LITERATURE CITED

See Forest-wide Reference Document

X. CONTRIBUTORS Brenda Devlin-Craig, Wildlife Biologist, Smith River NRA Karen Kenfield, Fisheries Biologist, Six Rivers National Forest Kristin Schmidt, Wildlife Biologist, Six Rivers National Forest Jesse Plumage, Wildlife Biologist, Mad River Ranger District Jerry Barnes, Fisheries Biologist, Six Rivers National Forest Michael McCain, Fisheries Biologist, Smith River National Recreation Area LeRoy Cyr, Fisheries Biologist, Orleans Ranger District Lisa Mizuno, Fisheries Biologist, Mad River Ranger District Baker Holden III, Fisheries Biologist, Smith River NRA Lisa Hoover, Forest Botanist, Six Rivers National Forest Greg Bryant, National Marine Fisheries Service, Eureka Office Robin Hamlin, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata Office Ken Hoffman, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata Office Gene Graber, Resource Officer, Orleans Ranger District Janice Stevenson, Resource Officer, Mad River Ranger District

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15)

APPENDIX A: SENSITIVE PLANT AND FUNGI SPECIES

The following is a list of Sensitive Plants and Fungi Species on Six Rivers National Forest and Ukonom Ranger District of the Klamath National Forest Scientific name Global Distribution Ranger District (known or (CNPS list) potential)1 [Global rank/State rank] Serpentine endemic or associated Boechera koehleri CA-DNT, SIS, Oregon SRNRA (List 1B.3) [G3S2/S1.3] Arabis macdonaldiana CA- DNT, MEN, Oregon SRNRA (List 1B.1) [G2/S2] Draba carnosula CA-DNT, TRI, SIS SRNRA >2500 m (List 1B.3) [G2/S2.2] Eriogonum hirtellum CA-DNT, SIS, Oregon SRNRA (List 1B.3) [G2/S2.2] Lathyrus biflorus CA-HUM MRRD not known to Forest, (List 1B.1) [G1/S1.1] endemic to Mt. Lassics Area Lewisia oppositifolia CA-DNT, Oregon SRNRA (List 2.2) [G4/S2.2] Lupinus constancei CA-HUM, TRI MRRD-endemic to the Mt. Lassics (List 1B.2) [G1/S1] Area Minuartia decumbens CA-HUM, TRI MRRD- endemic to the Lassics (List 1B.2) [G1/S1.2] Area Pedicularis howellii CA-DNT, SIS, Oregon SRNRA, ORRD, UKRD > 2000m (List 4.3) [G4/S3.3] Silene serpentinicola CA-DNT, Oregon SRNRA (List 1B.2) [G2.S2.2] Streptanthus howellii CA-DNT, Oregon SRNRA (List 1B.2) [G2/S1.2] Rocky outcrops;gravelly substrates Anisocarpus scabridus CA-TRI, SHA, THE, COL, MEN, MRRD- Mt. Lassics Area (List 1B.3) [G2G3/S2S3] LAK Mielichoferia elongate- a moss CA-HUM LTRD (2-2-1/List 2) [G4?/S2.2] Sedum obtusatum ssp. paradisum CA-TRI, SHA LTRD (List 1B) [G1/S1.3] Streptanthus oblanceolatus CA-TRI LTRD (List 1B) [G1/S1] Tauschia howellii CA-SIS, Oregon SRNRA, ORRD, UKRD (List 1B.3) [G1/S1.3] Wetland, riparian, moist habitats Bensoniella oregana CA-HUM, Oregon LTRD (List 1B.1) [G3, S2.2] Epilobium oreganum CA-HUM, SIS, TRI LTRD, MRRD, UKRD? (List 1B.2) [G2, S2.2] Fissidens pauperculus- a moss CA-HUM, other counties incl. SRNRA, ORRD, LTRD (List 2.2) [G1G2/S1] Sierras; Oregon Gentiana setigera CA-DNT, MEN, Oregon SRNRA

1 MRRD= Mad River Ranger District; LTRD= Lower Trinity Ranger District; ORRD= Orleans Ranger District; SRNRA= Smith River National Recreation Area; UKRD= Ukonom Ranger District, Klamath National Forest

14 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15)

Scientific name Global Distribution Ranger District (known or (CNPS list) potential)1 [Global rank/State rank] (List 1B.2) [G2/S1] Peltigera gowardii-a lichen. CA-TRI, other counties; Oregon, All Districts G4/S3.2 Washington, B.C Ramalina thrausta- a lichen CA-DNT, coast to SON County; SRNRA G3G4 Oregon, Alaska Viola lanceolata ssp. occidentalis CA-DNT, Oregon SRNRA (List 1B.2) [G5T2/S2.2] Early Successional Habitats Erigeron maniopotamicus CA-HUM, TRI MRRD (List 1B.2) [G1/S1.2] Eucephalis vialis CA-HUM, SIS, Oregon SRNRA (List 1B.2) [G3/S1.2] Iliamna latibracteata CA-DNT, HUM, SIS, TRI; Oregon LTRD, MRRD, ORRD (List 1B.2) [G3/S2.2] Thermopsis robusta CA-HUM, SIS ORRD, UKRD (List 1B.2) [G2Q/S2.2] Grassland/Oak woodlands/Oak in forests/Shrubland Calycadenia micrantha CA-TRI, HUM, COL, LAK, MEN MRRD (List 1B.2) [G2G3/S2S3.2] Sanicula tracyi CA-HUM, TRI MRRD (List 4) [G3/S3.2] Tracyina rostrata CA-HUM, LAK, MEN, SON MRRD (List 1B.2) [G1G2/S1S2.2] Mature Forest Boletus pulcherrimus CA-HUM, MEN; Oregon, SRNRA, ORRD, LTRD, UKRD G2G3, S2 Washington Buxbaumia viridis CA-HUM, TRI, DNT, MOD, PLU, All Districts (none) [G3G4/S1] MEN; OR, WA, western US Calicium adspersum CA-DNT; Oregon SRNRA (none) [G3G4/S1] Cudonia monticola CA-HUM, SIS, TRI, TAH LTRD, ORRD, UKRD G3, S1 Cypripedium fasciculatum CA-HUM, various counties; ORRD, LTRD, MRRD, UKRD (List 4.2) [G4/S3.2] western U.S. Cypripedium montanum CA-HUM, various counties; ORRD, LTRD, MRRD, UKRD (List 4.2) [G4/S4.2] western U.S. Dendrocollybia racemosa CA-HUM, DNT, TRI, SIS; Oregon, All Districts G1G3, S2 Washington Otidea smithii CA- DNT; Oregon, Washington SRNRA G2, S1 Phaeocollybia olivaceae CA-DNT, HUM, SHA, SIS, MEN, All Districts G3G4, S3 SON Sulcaria badia- a lichen CA- HUM, TRI, MEN, various N ORRD, LTRD, MRRD G3, S3 CA counties; Oregon, Washington Frasera umquaensis CA-TRI; Oregon MRRD (List 2.2) [G3?/S2.2] Tricholomopsis fulvescens CA-SIS, MEN; Washington All Districts G2G3, S1 Mixed Habitats Erythronium hendersonii CA-DNT, SIS; Oregon ORRD, UKRD (List 2.3 ) [G4, S1.3] Prosartes parvifolia CA-DNT, Oregon SRNRA (List 1B.2 )[G2?, S2] 15

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15)

List of Data Sources 1. Barker, L. M. 1984. Pedicularis howellii- Botanical Investigation Report and Management Recommendations. Six Rivers National Forest, Eureka, CA. 2. California Native Plant Society On-Line Inventory 6th Edition (12 December 2002). http//northcoast.com/~cnps/cgi- bin/cnps/sensinv.cg 3. Copeland, W. 1980. Bensoniella oregana: Field study and status report, final summary. Six Rivers National Forest, Eureka, CA. 4. Frost, E. 2001. Summary of Field Data Collection, Phase II, Serpentine Fen Conservation Project, October 2001. Six Rivers National Forest, Eureka, CA. 5. Hoover, L.D. 1999. Conservation Strategy for Sanicula tracyi Shan & Constance. Six Rivers National Forest, Eureka, CA. 6. Imper, D. 1983. Report of the 1983 Field Inspection for MacDonald’s rock-cress (Arabis macdonaldiana ssp. macdonaldiana). Six Rivers National Forest, Eureka, CA. 7. Oregon Natural Heritage Program, 2001. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants and Animals of Oregon. Oregon Natural Heritage Program, Portland, OR. 94 pp. 8. Population Reports on file. Six Rivers National Forest, Eureka, CA. 9. Region 5 U.S. Forest Service Sensitive Species Evaluation and Documentation Form. Six Rivers National Forest, Eureka, CA. Six Rivers National Forest- Query of GIS Spatial Database and ACCESS Database; Population report forms on the Forest

16 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) SIX RIVERS NATIONAL FOREST/SHASTA TRINITY NATIONAL FOREST BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION FOREST-WIDE NO EFFECT PROJECT DOCUMENTATION FORM Lower Trinity Ranger District, Six Rivers & Hayfork Ranger District, Shasta Trinity *********************************************************************************** This BA/BE incorporates the Forest-wide Reference Document dated: May 2015 Confirmation of list of TEP Species within Project Area? Yes. USFWS Arcata Office 6/2/2015 and USFWS Yreka Office 6/2/2015 Project Name: Sims Silvicultural Treatments (9, 10)

Project Tiers to Project #(s): 1, 2, 3, 28

Project Title(s) (from list): 22) Any project, limited in scope ….that would not affect… TEPS plant species or their habitats. 28) Revegetation for habitat improvement or recovery. Date project is expected to begin: Summer of 2015 ; end: ____Spring 2017___

Seasonal Restriction needed (noise, wet weather, etc.)? Yes No _ _ If yes, state for which species and LOP: Wildlife issues are analyzed in a separate document.

Description of Project:

1) Complete timber stand improvement and site preparation activities on silvicultural units on roughly 760 acres by grubbing, thinning trees (4” – 12”), pruning, cutting understory brush, machine and hand piling, mastication, and follow-up by planting trees the next spring (36 CFR 220.6 (e)(5); 36 CFR 220.6 (e)(6)) 2) Follow LRMP standard and guidelines such that mechanized equipment would be used on slopes up to 35%, and on slopes from 35% to 70% hand treatments would be used. Snags would be retained to LRMP standards and guidelines (LRMP, CH IV). 3) Activity and natural fuels generated in this project will have a follow-up treatment of chipping or burning hand and machine-built piles pile and jackpot burning. Vegetative material located in areas suitable for mechanized equipment may also be masticated. Burning will be accomplished or supervised by trained and experienced Forest Service personnel in compliance with an agency approved burn plan and an approved North Coast Air Quality Smoke Management Plan. On the Shasta-Trinity NF, silviculture reforestation activities (including site preparation, planting, animal damage control, and release for establishment) are proposed for old Sims Fire Salvage units: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 for a total of 235 acres; and also for FACTs units totaling approximately 225 acres. On the Six Rivers NF, treatment is proposed for units 3, 5, 8, 17 and 18 grouped as FACTS unit: 3340011000 which is 298 acres that burned at high severity in the 2004 Sims Fire were planted in Spring 2006 under the Sims Reforestation Project CE, Six Rivers National Forest (DM 12/14/2005). All units will be hand-worked with the exception of Units 11, 12, 14, 30018, 30021, 30023, 30025, 40003, 40004, 40022, and 40135 which are located on Shasta-Trinity. Acres of mechanical treatment are estimated at approximately 132 acres. These plantation units have slopes under 35%, and were previously treated using ground-based equipment. Three existing maintenance level 1 system roads, 4N31A, 4N31B and 4N20D, will be used to access units 40001, 40002, 40004, 2, 14, 30018. These roads will be improved enough to walk equipment in, but not for hauling material out. The road bed will not be improved to bare soil; vegetation will be masticating or crushed and barriers removed for equipment access.

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) Legal Location/s of Project: T.4N, R.6E. Tracts 50, 51, and 55, and Sec. 18, 19, 30, 31 and 32; T.4N, R.5E, Sec. 24 and 25 of the Humboldt Base Meridian.

Distance from coast (for marbled murrelet): miles FEMAT Zone: Wildlife and Fish elements below are addressed under separate documents. Within Riparian Reserve? Yes ___ No ____ Within TEP Fish Critical Habitat Yes ___ No ____ Adjacent to fish bearing? Yes ___ No ____ Adjacent to spring habitat? Yes ___ No ____ Within Late-Successional Reserve? Yes ___ No ____ Within Adaptive Management Area? Yes ___ No ____ Within Matrix? Yes ___ No ____ Within Spotted Owl Critical Habitat? Yes ___ No ____ Within Marbled Murrelet Critical Habitat? Yes ___ No ____ Within Ultramafic Areas on the SRNRA? Yes ___ No __X__ Within Sensitive plant/fungi habitat? Yes ___ No __X_

Brief rationale for No Effect determination if project is within Riparian Reserve—N/A

Forest Service Sensitive Species (Wildlife and Fish)- N/A ____This project will have no impact on any Forest Service Sensitive Species.

Forest Service Sensitive Species (Botany) __X__This project will have no impact on any Forest Service Sensitive Plant or Fungi Species.

____This project may impact individuals, but will not cause a trend towards listing for the following Forest Service Sensitive Species: ______(but will not impact any other Forest Service Sensitive Species). Explanation: Vascular plants More than 90% of the area under consideration for silvicultural treatment burned at high intensity, resulting in more than 75% canopy loss. High intensity burn areas such as these are not considered suitable habitat for the Sensitive vascular plant species that are within the range of the project area (Appendix A). With minor exceptions, Sensitive and TEP plant habitat is absent from the project footprint. Using GIS and air photo analysis, stands identified as mature forest were surveyed. As a result of the surveys it was determined that, 1) early/mid-mature stands within the perimeter of the Saddle Fire (2015) received a low- to moderate-intensity underburn which significantly reduced

18 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) understory vegetation, litter and duff; 2) other early/mid-mature stands supported heavy understory brush; 3) any overstory early-mature trees were associated with plantations; or 4) stands thought to be suitable from GIS contained unsuitable habitat. None of these aforementioned stand characteristics provide suitable habitat for Sensitive species.

Fungi The fungi listed in Appendix A require the presence of relatively moist micro-site conditions (and thus shading to retain moisture), a humus, duff, and litter layer (for retaining moisture and providing substrate for saprobes), and for mycorrhizal species (those fungi that develop a symbiotic relationship with host species), the presence of a live host tree. The fungi are also associated with mature forests. In the silvicultural units identified for treatment within the Sims fire perimeter, more than 94% of the acres under consideration have a residual canopy of 30% or less. Coupled with the large number of acres of high-intensity burn described above, and the condition of the older remnant stands within the treatment areas described from survey results, the habitat that remains is not considered suitable to support Sensitive fungi species.

Lichens & Bryophytes There is one record of the Sensitive lichen Sulcaria badia in the general area of the Sims fire. SUBA is a canopy species found in mid-mature conifer forests, and while the nearby presence of this species indicates the potential for it to occur within the project area, GIS analysis combined with site visits to areas of potential habitat indicate that, as above, the forest stands are 1) early/mid-mature stands that received a low- to moderate-intensity underburn during the Saddle Fire (2015), which significantly reduced understory vegetation, litter and duff; 2) tall early-mature trees within plantations; or 3) early/mid-mature stands with heavy understory brush. As such the units are not suitable habitat for this species.

By signature I certify that the above project meets the criteria listed in Section IV (Description of the Proposed Action) of the "Forest-wide Projects Having No Effect" BA/BE (Dated April 28, 2015).

Wildlife Biologist N/A Date______Fisheries Biologist ______N/A______Date______

/s/Tom Carlberg______Date 4 November 2015 Thomas Carlberg Six Rivers National Forest Botanist

Reviewed by: Lisa D. Hoover, SRF Forest Botanist Susan Erwin, STF Botanist

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15)

Appendix A Six Rivers and Shasta-Trinity Threantened, Endangered and Sensitive Plant and Fungi Species, and Shasta-Trinity Endemic* species with ranges and potential habitat that overlap the Sims Fire Area Silvicultural Treatments The following threatened and endangered species that occur on the Yreka iPac list were considered in this no effect project documentation form. None of these species occur in the Trinity River basin and are not affected by proposed actions. Endangered: none listed Threatened: • Hoover Spurge

• Lender Orcutt Grass

Rocky outcrops; gravelly substrates Sedum obtusatum ssp. paradisum CA-TRI, SHA LTRD (List 1B) [G1/S1.3] Streptanthus oblanceolatus CA-TRI LTRD (List 1B) [G1/S1] Wetland, riparian, moist habitats Epilobium oreganum CA-HUM, SIS, TRI LTRD, MRRD (List 1B.2) [G2, S2.2] Peltigera gowardii-a lichen. CA-TRI, other counties; Oregon, All Districts G4/S3.2 Washington, B.C Early Successional Habitats Iliamna latibracteata LTRD, MRRD, CA-DNT, HUM, SIS, TRI; Oregon (List 1B.2) [G3/S2.2] ORL Mature Forest Cypripedium fasciculatum CA-HUM, various counties; western ORL, LT, MRRD (List 4.2) [G4/S3.2] U.S. Cypripedium montanum CA-HUM, various counties; western ORL, LT, MRRD (List 4.2) [G4/S4.2] U.S. Dendrocollybia racemosa, a fungus CA-HUM, DNT, TRI, SIS; Oregon, All Districts G1G3, S2 Washington Cudonia monticola, a fungus CA-HUM, SIS, TRI, TAH LT G3, S1 Phaeocollybia olivaceae, a fungus CA-DNT, HUM, SHA, SIS, MEN, All Districts G3G4, S3 SON Sulcaria badia, a lichen CA- HUM, TRI, MEN, various N CA ORL, LT, MRRD G3, S3 counties; Oregon, Washington

*Erwin, Susan. 2015. Personal communication: “Within the fire perimeter there is no habitat for the only two possible candidates (Ericameria ophitidis and Eriogonum libertini), and within the larger project footprint, the presence of either of these species is extremely unlikely.”

20 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15)

Sedum obtusatum ssp. paradisum (SEPA15) SEPA15 is a perennial that occupies rock outcrops in mixed-conifer-canyon live oak forest or chaparral between 900 and 6200 feet in elevation. There are 19 known populations within the global range of the species, all occur either on the Forest or Shasta-Trinity National Forest. The closest known population is about 4 miles northeast near Underwood Mountain, Trinity County on Shasta- Trinity National Forest. The occurrence on Six Rivers is located approximately 10 air miles away from the project area in the Gray’s Falls Campground on an exposed outcrop above the Trinity River.

Streptanthus oblanceolatus (STOB5) Globally, there are two occurrences of this species, based on three herbarium collections. STOB5 is endemic to steep metavolcanic bluffs along the gorge of the Trinity River above its confluence with New River. All collections are on the Shasta-Trinity National Forest, and were made within five miles of one another in western Trinity County. It may be more widespread on cliffs on the opposite side of the Trinity River gorge and in the New River gorge where there are many steep, rocky, inaccessible bluffs.

Streptanthus oblanceolatus grows in fissures and soil pockets on an exposed, nearly vertical rock face above State highway 299 and in gravels below the highway, within an open Quercus chrysolepis– Pseudotsuga menziesii forest on east to north-facing aspects. Overstory and understory cover are lacking and shrub and herb cover are sparse. A few plants were found on a roadside mound of rockslide scrapings in association with weedy alien annual grasses.

Epilobium oreganum (EPOR) Coast Range and Klamath Provinces of California and southwest Oregon. Actual range and distribution are difficult to assess due to confusion brought about by regular taxonomic revision and frequent misidentification. EPOR is documented on the Six Rivers and Shasta-Trinity NFs, but occurrences on the Klamath and Eldorado are suspect. Shasta-Trinity populations are concentrated in the Trinity Alps and in the SE corner of Trinity NF, where Trinity, Shasta and Tehama Cos. converge. There is one verified occurrence of Epilobium oreganum on Six Rivers found on a private inholding on the Lower Trinity Ranger District near Castle Rock totaling approximately 200 plants.

EPOR appears to be habitat-specific. In Oregon, “grows in open to semi-shaded continuously wet sloping meadows and bogs, and in and along flat or extremely gentle valley bottom beds (or channels or occasionally ditches).” (Jimmy Kagan, Draft Species Management Guide for Epilobium oreganum, 1990). This species in Oregon is associated with Darlingtonia wetlands and is being addressed in a Darlingtonia Wetland Conservation Strategy. All known extant populations on Shasta- Trinity NF are associated with perennial springs on ultramafic soils.

Peltigera gowardii Synonym: Hydrothyria venosa (HYVE7) There are 26 occurrences documented in CNDDB. Within California, occurrences are known from Calaveras, Eldorado, Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Plumas, Sierra, Trinity, Tuolumne and Yuba Counties (CNDDB). There are occurrences on the LTBMU, and the Eldorado, Plumas, Sequoia, Shasta-Trinity, Sierra, Six Rivers, and the Stanislaus National Forests.

This species grows in cold shallow streams with low nutrient levels, good aeration, and ample shade to keep the water temperature low (Davis, 1999). There is usually a rich aquatic bryophyte flora (Shevock, 1998). Increased sedimentation, nutrients, or a rise in temperature would significantly impact occurrences (Davis, 1999). The streams rarely are more than 8 inches in depth in late 21

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) summer, although early in the season during peak flow they may be deeper. This lichen is a foliose species with a rather delicate thallus, and as such, may not be able tolerate too much physical disruption.

Iliamna latibracteata (ILLA2) Extant occurrences in Humboldt and Trinity counties, California, and Josephine, Coos and Curry Counties in Oregon. Most occurrences in California are known to Six Rivers with one occurrence on Shasta-Trinity National Forest. There are historic records from Del Norte and Siskiyou counties, California. On Six Rivers, there are an estimated 9 extant occurrences with a population size ranging from 3 to 151 plants. These occurrences are all located on the Lower Trinity with the exception of one occurrence on the Mad River Ranger Districts.

ILLA2 is found in openings, meadows, and riparian areas in conifer forests of the North Coast Ranges. The species is considered to be a “fire follower” as evidenced by the re-emergence of this species on Six Rivers in settings which experienced wildfire (Megram in 1999). The extant of occurrences on the Forest are all above 4500’ elevation and found in white fir and Douglas-fir stands. ILLA2 often occurs in association with riparian settings where it is afforded some protection under the Aquatic Conservation Strategy.

Cypripedium fasciculatum (CYFA) CYFA is known to occur across the western United States. In California, it is documented on the Mendocino, Six Rivers, Shasta-Trinity, Klamath, Lassen, Plumas, and Tahoe National Forests. There are 11 occurrences on the Forest, however, they have not all been relocated since 1980. Across its range in California, with the exception of a few population centers, population sizes are relatively small (< 15 plants).

CYFA grows most often in conifer forests under partial shade. CYFA is considered to be associated with mid- to late-successional forest communities. (Harrod and Knecht. 1994). For germination and through various life stages of development, CYFA requires the presence of a mycorrhizal fungi. The ability of CYFA to germinate and grow depends on site conditions suitable for the development of the fungus. Conditions for the fungus include moisture, shade and adequate organic material.

Cypripedium montanum (CYMO2) CYMO2 is another wide ranging lady-slipper orchid found from southern Alaska thru California, and east to Alberta thru Wyoming. The range of distribution includes many counties throughout California from Del Norte to Sierra County. CYMO2 is documented on the Six Rivers, Shasta- Trinity, Klamath, Sierra, Modoc, Lassen, Stanislaus, and Plumas National Forests. There are 9 documented occurrences on the Forest; however, they have not all been visited since 1980. Populations are often very small and highly isolated.

The habitat for this plant is broad including mature conifer forests (Douglas fir, white fir, mixed conifer) in partial shade (canopy closure is generally between 60 and 80 percent) and often on north- facing slopes. CYMO2 is considered to be associated with mid- to late-successional forest communities (Harrod and Knecht 1994). It is also known to occur in oak woodlands and riparian areas. The mycorrhizal association and conditions mentioned above for CYFA also exists for CYMO2.

Sulcaria badia (SUBA) SUBA is endemic to western North America. Its current range is central Oregon to its southernmost location south of Lake Pillsbury, on the Mendocino National Forest. The distribution within the

22 Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) current range is clumpy, composed of clustered occurrences separated by large (30-180 mile) distances.SUBA is currently known from 15 occurrences in California: one large occurrence on private lands surrounded by abundant potential habitat in the area of Laytonville, three scattered localities on Mendocino National Forest, nine occurrences on Six Rivers National Forest and two on Shasta-Trinity National Forest.

SUBA is a canopy species, usually found as litterfall on the ground or understory shrubs. While a given substrate tree may host an abundant amount of the lichen, the number of trees at any site is typically small (<5). Habitat based on known sites is described as “on trees, especially apple and oak trees, in well-lighted Quercus garryana communities”. It has also been recorded growing on Quercus lobata, Q. kelloggii, Fraxinus latifolia, Acer macropyllum, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. The Six Rivers and Shasta-Trinity sites are in mesic vegetation in lower slope positions, associated with mixed hardwood/mid-mature Pseudotsuga menziesii forest, with additional hardwoods (Quercus kelloggii) sometimes present. Typical elevations across the entire range are between 950’ and 2600’, with four outliers in Oregon below 350’ and one in California at 5070’.

Fungi Species Accounts (general information for all fungi): The living body of a fungus is composed of thread-like filaments called hyphae. Masses of hyphae are called mycelium. The mycelium is generally underground and under certain conditions (e.g. enough moisture) can develop above-ground fruits commonly known as mushrooms, cups, truffles and puffballs. Fruiting bodies function to produce spores which disperse onto suitable substrate. Fruiting is triggered by a particular set of environmental conditions such as moisture, temperatures or soil humidity. General habitat conditions for the following species include relatively moist conditions and forest floor litter, humus and woody debris (the latter “houses” the mycelial network of the fungi). For those species forming symbiotic relationships with host species, (mycorrhizal functional group), presence of suitable host species is also a requisite habitat condition. For saprobic species which feed on dead and decaying organic material, the presence of humus/litter/woody debris is a habitat pre-requisite.

Dendrocollybia racemosa (CORA16) Syn. Collybia racemosa Ecological functional group: parasitic-other fungi Morphological Habit: Mushroom

CORA16 occurs in Washington, Oregon and California east to Shasta County and south to the Santa Cruz Mountain area. There are approximately 17 occurrences scattered throughout California with 2 documented occurrences on the Forest. Habitat characteristics are very general. CORA16 is parasitic to other fungi, drawing its nutrients from these hosts. Its habit is gregarious.

Cudonia monticola (CUMO2) Ecological functional group: saprobe-litter Morphological Habit: Earth tongue (ascomycete)

CUMO2 is known from Washington, Oregon and northern California where an extant occurrence exists on the Klamath National Forest. There are no documented occurrences on the Forest, however there is one documented occurrence in Humboldt County west of the Forest. CUMO2 occurs on litter in the forest floor, where it feeds on dead and decaying organic material. As a litter decaying fungus, its mycelial strand can extend over a relatively large area (compared to wood saprobes) and its distribution can be patchy.

Forest-Wide Projects Having No Effect (Ver. 5/15) Phaeocollybia olivacea (PHOL) Ecological functional group: ectomycorrhizal Morphological Habit: Mushroom

PHOL is known from Washington, Oregon and California where it has been documented as far south as the Sierra Nevada and the Central Coast Range. There are an estimated 17 documented occurrences in California. There is 1 documented occurrence on the Forest. Habitat for PHOL is generally characterized as conifer and hardwood forests where it can grow in arcs in the humus layer.