DOCSLIB.ORG

Overview Statistics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Overview Statistics Table 14 Most common substances by industry Figures for 2007. Substances contained in more than 10 products. A substance can be omitted for secrecy reasons. Industry CAS-no Substance Number of products A01 Agriculture 7732-18-5 Water 459 6484-52-2 Ammonium nitrate 74 57-55-6 1,2-Propanediol 73 64742-65-0 Distillates (petroleum), solvent-dewaxed heavy 68 paraffinic 67-63-0 2-Propanol 65 63148-62-9 Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me 58 7722-76-1 Phosphoric acid, monoammonium salt 54 7783-20-2 Ammonium sulfate 53 11138-66-2 Xanthan gum 52 57-13-6 Urea 50 7447-40-7 Potassium chloride 46 56-81-5 1,2,3-Propanetriol 45 7778-80-5 Sulfuric acid dipotassium salt 45 1310-73-2 Sodium hydroxide 40 7647-14-5 Sodium chloride 37 7757-79-1 Nitric acid potassium salt 36 64742-54-7 Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy 32 paraffinic 1310-58-3 Potassium hydroxide 32 2634-33-5 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 31 7487-88-9 Sulfuric acid magnesium salt (1:1) 31 77-92-9 Citric acid 31 8061-51-6 Sodium lignosulfonate 31 64741-88-4 Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined heavy 28 paraffinic 64-19-7 Acetic acid 27 72623-87-1 Lubricating oils, petroleum, C20-50, hydrotreated 27 neutral oil-based 64741-89-5 Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined light 26 paraffinic 99-76-3 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester 26 64-17-5 Ethanol 25 16389-88-1 Dolomite 24 7631-86-9 Silica 22 94-13-3 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester 22 7664-38-2 Phosphoric acid 22 7785-87-7 Sulfuric acid, manganese(2+) salt (1:1) 21 68649-42-3 Dialkyl(C1-C14)dithiophosphoric acid, zinc salt 21 68855-45-8 Calcium salts of sulfurized dodecyl phenol 21 64-02-8 Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 20 497-19-8 Sodium carbonate 20 1330-20-7 Xylene 20 84605-20-9 Polyethylene polyamines reaction products with 20 succinic anhydride polyisobutenyl derivates 8009-03-8 Petrolatum 19 9003-11-6 Propylenoxid etylenoxid copolymer 18 14567-64-7 Kieserite 18 106-97-8 Butane 18 107-21-1 1,2-Ethanediol 18 7757-82-6 Sodium sulphate 18 1 74-98-6 Propane 17 10034-99-8 Sulfuric acid, magnesium salt (1:1), 17 heptahydrate 5949-29-1 Citric acid, monohydrate 17 38641-94-0 Glycine, N-(phosphonomethyl)-, compd. with 2- 16 propanamine (1:1) 64742-95-6 Solvent naphtha (petroleum), light arom. 16 9038-95-3 Poly(propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) butyl ether 16 9003-04-7 Sodium polyacrylate 16 7778-18-9 Calcium sulfate 16 7778-77-0 Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt 15 7320-34-5 Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate 15 61791-12-6 Castor oil, ethoxylated 15 64742-94-5 Solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy arom. 15 10043-35-3 Boric acid 15 10213-79-3 Disodium silicate pentahydrate 15 102-71-6 Triethanolamine 15 1332-58-7 Kaolin 14 1302-78-9 Bentonite 14 128-37-0 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 14 64742-62-7 Residual oils (petroleum), solvent-dewaxed 14 7758-29-4 Sodium tripolyphosphate 14 75975-85-8 Sulfonated benzene-polypropene derivates, 14 calcium salts 8000-48-4 Eucalyptus oil 14 8002-13-9 Rape oil 14 9007-20-9 Carbomer 14 9010-79-1 Ethene-propene copolymer 13 79-09-4 Propanoic acid 13 67-64-1 2-Propanone 13 68131-39-5 Alcohols, C12-15, ethoxylated 13 3536-49-0 Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](5- 13 hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5- cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, calcium salt (2:1) 61789-40-0 Cocoamidopropylbetaine 13 51-03-6 Piperonyl butoxide 12 26264-06-2 Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt 12 34590-94-8 (2-Methoxymethylethoxy)propanol 12 14807-96-6 Talc 12 68511-50-2 Sulfurized isobutylene 12 7758-99-8 Copper sulfate, pentahydrate 11 68439-46-3 Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated 11 64-18-6 Formic acid 11 128-39-2 Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 11 112-90-3 9-Octadecen-1-amine, (Z)- 11 122-99-6 Phenoxyethanol 11 25322-68-3 Polyethylene glycol 11 25655-41-8 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, homopolymer, 11 compd. with iodine 532-32-1 Sodium benzoate 11 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 11 50-70-4 D-Glucitol 10 57-50-1 .alpha.-D-Glucopyranoside, .beta.-D- 10 fructofuranosyl 4259-15-8 Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-bis(2-ethylhexyl) 10 ester, zinc salt 471-34-1 Calcium carbonate 10 64742-47-8 Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light 10 2 76-22-2 Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl- 10 69011-36-5 Branched tridecylalcohol, ethoxylated 10 8042-47-5 White mineral oil (petroleum) 10 7720-78-7 Iron(II)sulfate 10 7783-28-0 Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt 10 9005-65-6 Sorbitan, mono-9-octadecenoate, poly(oxy-1,2- 10 ethanediyl) derivs., (Z)- 94441-92-6 Sodium 2-ethylhexylimino dipropionate 10 A02 Forestry 64742-65-0 Distillates (petroleum), solvent-dewaxed heavy 42 paraffinic 7732-18-5 Water 37 8002-13-9 Rape oil 25 64741-88-4 Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined heavy 23 paraffinic 64742-54-7 Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy 20 paraffinic 68649-42-3 Dialkyl(C1-C14)dithiophosphoric acid, zinc salt 19 64742-62-7 Residual oils (petroleum), solvent-dewaxed 15 128-39-2 Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 15 80939-62-4 Amines, C11-14-branched alkyl, monohexyl and 12 dihexyl phosphates 9003-27-4 Polyisobutene 12 72623-87-1 Lubricating oils, petroleum, C20-50, hydrotreated 12 neutral oil-based 101316-72-7 Lubricating oils (petroleum), C24-50, solvent- 11 extd., dewaxed, hydrogenated 64742-52-5 Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy 10 naphthenic C Mines and quarries 7732-18-5 Water 71 1310-73-2 Sodium hydroxide 11 64741-88-4 Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined heavy 10 paraffinic 7782-42-5 Graphite 10 D15 Food product and beverage 7732-18-5 Water 849 industry 1310-73-2 Sodium hydroxide 177 1310-58-3 Potassium hydroxide 136 7664-38-2 Phosphoric acid 89 8042-47-5 White mineral oil (petroleum) 73 7647-14-5 Sodium chloride 69 7681-52-9 Sodium hypochlorite 66 5064-31-3 Nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt 63 64-02-8 Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 61 497-19-8 Sodium carbonate 50 37971-36-1 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid, 2-phosphono- 45 67-63-0 2-Propanol 42 64-19-7 Acetic acid 40 64-17-5 Ethanol 40 68037-01-4 Hydrogenated polydecene 38 7758-29-4 Sodium tripolyphosphate 38 57-55-6 1,2-Propanediol 36 63148-62-9 Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me 35 77-92-9 Citric acid 35 7757-82-6 Sodium sulphate 34 9003-29-6 Polybutene 34 527-07-1 Sodium gluconate 32 7722-84-1 Hydrogen peroxide 31 3 6419-19-8 Phosphonic acid, [nitrilotris(methylene)]tris- 30 69011-36-5 Branched tridecylalcohol, ethoxylated 29 56-81-5 1,2,3-Propanetriol 29 13845-36-8 Triphosphoric acid, pentapotassium salt 29 6834-92-0 Sodium metasilicate 28 9005-25-8 Starch 26 94441-92-6 Sodium 2-ethylhexylimino dipropionate 23 7664-93-9 Sulfuric acid 23 7631-86-9 Silica 22 7320-34-5 Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate 22 7439-92-1 Lead 21 34590-94-8 (2-Methoxymethylethoxy)propanol 20 57-13-6 Urea 20 5949-29-1 Citric acid, monohydrate 20 28348-53-0 Benzenesulfonic acid, (1-methylethyl)-, sodium 20 salt 24937-78-8 Ethene-vinyl acetate polymer 19 112-34-5 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol 19 10213-79-3 Disodium silicate pentahydrate 19 102-71-6 Triethanolamine 19 50-70-4 D-Glucitol 19 7173-51-5 Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 19 7697-37-2 Nitric acid 19 9003-11-6 Propylenoxid etylenoxid copolymer 19 8002-43-5 Lecithins 18 68439-46-3 Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated 18 1344-09-8 Sodium silicate 18 2634-33-5 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 18 141-78-6 Ethyl acetate 17 11138-66-2 Xanthan gum 17 67-56-1 Methanol 17 78-93-3 2-Butanone 17 68439-51-0 Alcohols, C12-14, ethoxylated propoxylated 16 471-34-1 Calcium carbonate 16 3332-27-2 1-Tetradecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide 15 144538-83-0 Aspartic acid, N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-, 15 tetrasodium salt 637-12-7 Octadecanoic acid, aluminum salt 15 74-98-6 Propane 15 9050-36-6 Maltodextrin 15 8001-22-7 Soybean oil 14 8002-74-2 Paraffin waxes and Hydrocarbon waxes 14 85711-69-9 Sulfonic acids, C13-17-sec-alkane, sodium salts 14 9000-01-5 Gum arabic 14 7758-11-4 Phosphoric acid, dipotassium salt 14 64-18-6 Formic acid 14 50-81-7 L-Ascorbic acid 14 6683-19-8 pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- 14 hydroxyphenyl)propionate) 2372-82-9 1,3-Propanediamine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-N- 14 dodecyl- 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 13 64742-52-5 Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy 13 naphthenic 7440-38-2 Arsenic 13 57-50-1 .alpha.-D-Glucopyranoside, .beta.-D- 13 fructofuranosyl 532-32-1 Sodium benzoate 13 61789-71-7 Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylcoco 12 alkyldimethyl, chlorides 4 68515-73-1 D-Glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric 12 79-21-0 Peracetic acid 12 9003-27-4 Polyisobutene 12 141-43-5 Monoethanolamine 12 1312-76-1 Silicic acid, potassium salt 11 24634-61-5 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)- 11 144-55-8 Sodium bicarbonate 11 1643-20-5 1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide 11 9003-04-7 Sodium polyacrylate 11 7235-40-7 .beta.,.beta.-Carotene 11 52-51-7 1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro- 11 584-08-7 Potassium carbonate 10 68132-00-3 Naphtha (petroleum), light steam cracked, 10 debenzenized, polymers, hydrogenated 9014-01-1 Subtilisin 10 7758-16-9 Diphosphoric acid, disodium salt 10 25322-68-3 Polyethylene glycol 10 2809-21-4 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid 10 D17 Textile industry 7732-18-5 Water 1 313 7757-82-6 Sodium sulphate 309 8061-51-6 Sodium lignosulfonate 165 9084-06-4 Naphthalenesulfonic acid, polymer with 165 formaldehyde, sodium salt 7647-14-5 Sodium chloride 153 8012-95-1 Paraffin oils 148 57-13-6 Urea 118 2634-33-5 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 117 9004-98-2 Oleyl ethoxylate 108 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 104 2682-20-4 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 99 9004-53-9 Dextrin 97 25322-68-3 Polyethylene glycol 90 26172-55-4 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 84 57-55-6 1,2-Propanediol 82 64742-65-0 Distillates (petroleum), solvent-dewaxed heavy 76 paraffinic 9004-96-0 Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxo-9- 71 octadecenyl)-.omega.-hydroxy-, (Z)- 107-41-5 2-Methyl 2,4-pentanediol 70 64-19-7 Acetic acid 67 112-80-1 Oleic acid 63 9005-07-6 Polyethylene glycol dioleate 63 69011-36-5 Branched tridecylalcohol, ethoxylated 57 68155-01-1 Alcohols, C16 and C18-unsatd.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Summary Tables of Calculated and Experimental Parameters Of
    Summary Tables of Calculated and Experimental Parameters of Diatomic, Triatomic, Organic, Silicon, Boron, Aluminum and Organometallic Molecules, Exemplary Results on Condensed Matter Physics, One-Through Twenty-Electron Atoms, Excited States of Helium, g Factor, and Fundamental Particle Masses The closed-form derivations from Maxwell's equations given in The Grand Unified Theory of Classical Physics posted at http://www.blacklightpower.com/theory/bookdownload.shtml contain fundamental constants only. The nature of the chemical bond is given in Chapters 12 through 15. The atoms are solved exactly in Chapters 1, 7, and 10. The excited states of helium are solved exactly in Chapter 9. The electron g factor and relations between fundamental particles are given in Chapter 1 and Chapters 36, 37 and 38. Tables summarizing the results of the calculated experimental parameters of 800 exemplary solved molecules follow. The closed-form derivations of these molecules can be found in The Grand Theory of Classical Physics posted at http://www.blacklightpower.com/theory/bookdownload.shtml Chapters 15–17, as well as Silicon in Chapter 20, Boron in Chapter 22, and Aluminum and Organometallics in Chapter 23. Condensed matter physics based on first principles with analytical solutions of (i) of the geometrical parameters and energies of the hydrogen bond of H2O in the ice and steam phases, and of H2O and NH3; (ii) analytical solutions of the geometrical parameters and interplane van der Waals cohesive energy of graphite; (iii) analytical solutions of the geometrical parameters and interatomic van der Waals cohesive energy of liquid helium and solid neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are given in Chapter 16.
    [Show full text]
  • A Chemical Kinetics Network for Lightning and Life in Planetary Atmospheres P
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 224:9 (33pp), 2016 May doi:10.3847/0067-0049/224/1/9 © 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. A CHEMICAL KINETICS NETWORK FOR LIGHTNING AND LIFE IN PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES P. B. Rimmer and Ch Helling School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK; [email protected] Received 2015 June 3; accepted 2015 October 22; published 2016 May 23 ABSTRACT There are many open questions about prebiotic chemistry in both planetary and exoplanetary environments. The increasing number of known exoplanets and other ultra-cool, substellar objects has propelled the desire to detect life andprebiotic chemistry outside the solar system. We present an ion–neutral chemical network constructed from scratch, STAND2015, that treats hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen chemistry accurately within a temperature range between 100 and 30,000 K. Formation pathways for glycine and other organic molecules are included. The network is complete up to H6C2N2O3. STAND2015 is successfully tested against atmospheric chemistry models for HD 209458b, Jupiter, and the present-day Earth using a simple one- dimensionalphotochemistry/diffusion code. Our results for the early Earth agree with those of Kasting for CO2,H2, CO, and O2, but do not agree for water and atomic oxygen. We use the network to simulate an experiment where varied chemical initial conditions are irradiated by UV light. The result from our simulation is that more glycine is produced when more ammonia and methane is present.
    [Show full text]
  • Directed Gas Phase Formation of Silicon Dioxide and Implications for the Formation of Interstellar Silicates
    ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03172-5 OPEN Directed gas phase formation of silicon dioxide and implications for the formation of interstellar silicates Tao Yang 1,2, Aaron M. Thomas1, Beni B. Dangi1,3, Ralf I. Kaiser 1, Alexander M. Mebel 4 & Tom J. Millar 5 1234567890():,; Interstellar silicates play a key role in star formation and in the origin of solar systems, but their synthetic routes have remained largely elusive so far. Here we demonstrate in a combined crossed molecular beam and computational study that silicon dioxide (SiO2) along with silicon monoxide (SiO) can be synthesized via the reaction of the silylidyne radical (SiH) with molecular oxygen (O2) under single collision conditions. This mechanism may provide a low-temperature path—in addition to high-temperature routes to silicon oxides in circum- stellar envelopes—possibly enabling the formation and growth of silicates in the interstellar medium necessary to offset the fast silicate destruction. 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’iatMānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. 2 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. 3 Department of Chemistry, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA. 4 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. 5 Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.I.K. (email: [email protected]) or to A.M.M. (email: mebela@fiu.edu) or to T.J.M. (email: [email protected]) NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2018) 9:774 | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03172-5 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03172-5 — 28 + 28 + he origin of interstellar silicate grains nanoparticles ( SiO2 ), and 44 ( SiO ).
    [Show full text]
  • Gas Phase Formation of C-Sic3 Molecules in the Circumstellar Envelope of Carbon Stars
    Gas phase formation of c-SiC3 molecules in the circumstellar envelope of carbon stars Tao Yanga,b,1,2, Luke Bertelsc,1, Beni B. Dangib,3, Xiaohu Lid,e, Martin Head-Gordonc,2, and Ralf I. Kaiserb,2 aState Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China; bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘iatManoa, Honolulu, HI 96822; cDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; dXinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P. R. China; and eNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, P. R. China Contributed by Martin Head-Gordon, May 17, 2019 (sent for review July 20, 2018; reviewed by Piergiorgio Casavecchia and David Clary) Complex organosilicon molecules are ubiquitous in the circumstel- Modern astrochemical models propose that the very first lar envelope of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star IRC+10216, silicon–carbon bonds are formed in the inner envelope of the but their formation mechanisms have remained largely elusive until carbon star, which is undergoing mass loss at the rates of several − now. These processes are of fundamental importance in initiating a 10 5 solar masses per year (22, 23). Pulsations from the central chain of chemical reactions leading eventually to the formation of star may initiate shocks, which (photo)fragment the circumstellar — organosilicon molecules among them key precursors to silicon car- materials (24, 25). These nonequilibrium conditions cause tem- — bide grains in the circumstellar shell contributing critically to the peratures of 3,500 K or above (19) and lead to highly reactive galactic carbon and silicon budgets with up to 80% of the ejected metastable fragments such as electronically excited silicon atoms, materials infused into the interstellar medium.
    [Show full text]
  • Most Common Substances in Chemicals for Different Industries
    Table 14 Most common substances by industry Figures for 2009. Substances contained in more than 10 products. A substance can be omitted for secrecy reasons. Industry CAS-no Substance Number of products A01 Agriculture 7732-18-5 Water 458 6484-52-2 Nitric acid ammonium salt 77 57-55-6 1,2-Propanediol 75 64742-65-0 Distillates (petroleum), solvent-dewaxed heavy 74 paraffinic 63148-62-9 Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me 60 57-13-6 Urea 54 67-63-0 2-Propanol 54 11138-66-2 Xanthan gum 53 7783-20-2 Sulfuric acid diammonium salt 53 7722-76-1 Phosphoric acid, monoammonium salt 52 7487-88-9 Sulfuric acid magnesium salt (1:1) 51 7447-40-7 Potassium chloride 46 56-81-5 1,2,3-Propanetriol 44 7778-80-5 Sulfuric acid dipotassium salt 43 1310-73-2 Sodium hydroxide 41 7647-14-5 Sodium chloride 41 2634-33-5 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 38 1310-58-3 Potassium hydroxide 33 7757-79-1 Nitric acid potassium salt 33 7785-87-7 Manganese sulfate 32 7664-38-2 Phosphoric acid 32 72623-87-1 Lubricating oils, petroleum, C20-50, 31 hydrotreated neutral oil-based 64741-89-5 Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined light 29 paraffinic 77-92-9 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy- 28 8061-51-6 Lignosulfonic acid, sodium salt 28 7778-18-9 Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1) 27 64-17-5 Ethanol 27 14807-96-6 Talc 26 64742-94-5 Solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy arom. 25 68649-42-3 Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-di-C1-14-alkyl 24 esters, zinc salts (2:1) 64-02-8 Glycine, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N- 24 (carboxymethyl)-, tetrasodium salt 64-19-7 Acetic acid 23 99-76-3 Benzoic acid,
    [Show full text]
  • Reaction Pathways Linking Chemisorption to Desorption of Methylchlorosilanes on Copper(001)
    REACTION PATHWAYS LINKING CHEMISORPTION TO DESORPTION OF METHYLCHLOROSILANES ON COPPER(001) BY JAMES LALLO A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School|New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology Written under the direction of Professor B.J. Hinch and approved by New Brunswick, New Jersey October, 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Reaction pathways linking chemisorption to desorption of methylchlorosilanes on copper(001) by James Lallo Dissertation Director: Professor B.J. Hinch The interactions of silane molecules with metal surfaces are pivotal in many com- mercial processes. Of particular interest is the commercial \Direct Process," in which methyl chloride (CH3Cl) is exposed to silicon, in the presence of a copper catalyst and other promoters, producing dimethyldichlorosilane as the predominant product. Previous UHV studies have investigated the interaction of \pre-dissociated" methyl (CH3) and chlorine (Cl) with copper and copper-silicide surfaces. This thesis investi- gates the reaction mechanisms of \pre-associated" methylchlorosilanes ((CH3)xClySiHz, x+y+z=4) adsorbed on a copper(001) surface. The goal was to develop an understand- ing of the intermediates and transfer processes involved for dissociative adsorption and subsequent desorption of these molecules. Only molecules containing at least one Si- H bond were observed to undergo chemisorption. It was found that dimethylsilane (CH3)2SiH2 and methylsilane (CH3)SiH3 exhibit ligand transfer on the copper sur- face, leading to the desorption of trimethylsilane (CH3)3SiH, in both cases. The sug- gested intermediates present after adsorption of methylsilane were methylsilyl CH3SiH2, methysilylene CH3SiH and methylsilylidyne CH3Si.
    [Show full text]
  • Sih; X2Π) with Dimethylacetylene (CH3CCCH3; X1a1g
    Article pubs.acs.org/JPCA Formation of the 2,3-Dimethyl-1-silacycloprop-2-enylidene Molecule via the Crossed Beam Reaction of the Silylidyne Radical (SiH; X2Π) 1 with Dimethylacetylene (CH3CCCH3;XA1g) Tao Yang, Aaron M. Thomas, Beni B. Dangi, and Ralf I. Kaiser* Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States Mei-Hung Wu, Bing-Jian Sun, and Agnes H. H. Chang* Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: We carried out crossed molecular beam experiments and electronic structure calculations to unravel the chemical dynamics of the 2Π reaction of the silylidyne(-d1) radical (SiH/SiD; X ) with dimethyla- 1 cetylene (CH3CCCH3;XA1g). The chemical dynamics were indirect and initiated by the barrierless addition of the silylidyne radical to both carbon atoms of dimethylacetylene forming a cyclic collision complex 2,3-dimethyl-1-silacyclopropenyl. This complex underwent unimolecular decomposition by atomic hydrogen loss from the silicon atom via a loose exit transition state to form the novel 2,3-dimethyl-1-silacycloprop-2- enylidene isomer in an overall exoergic reaction (experimentally: −29 ± 21 kJ mol−1; computationally: −10 ± 8 kJ mol−1). An evaluation of the scattering dynamics of silylidyne with alkynes indicates that in each system, the silylidyne radical adds barrierlessly to one or to both carbon atoms of the acetylene moiety, yielding an acyclic or a cyclic collision complex, which can also be accessed via cyclization of the acyclic structures. The cyclic intermediate portrays the central decomposing complex, which fragments via hydrogen loss almost perpendicularly to the rotational plane of the decomposing complex exclusively from the silylidyne moiety via a loose exit transition state in overall weakly exoergic reaction leading to ((di)methyl-substituted) 1-silacycloprop-2-enylidenes (−1to−13 kJ mol−1 computationally; −12 ± 11 to −29 ± 21 kJ mol−1 experimentally).
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1510.07052V1 [Astro-Ph.EP] 23 Oct 2015 99 Lae Ta.20,Adrfrne Therein)
    A Chemical Kinetics Network for Lightning and Life in Planetary Atmospheres P. B. Rimmer1 and Ch Helling School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom ABSTRACT There are many open questions about prebiotic chemistry in both planetary and exoplane- tary environments. The increasing number of known exoplanets and other ultra-cool, substellar objects has propelled the desire to detect life and prebiotic chemistry outside the solar system. We present an ion-neutral chemical network constructed from scratch, Stand2015, that treats hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen chemistry accurately within a temperature range between 100 K and 30000 K. Formation pathways for glycine and other organic molecules are included. The network is complete up to H6C2N2O3. Stand2015 is successfully tested against atmo- spheric chemistry models for HD209458b, Jupiter and the present-day Earth using a simple 1D photochemistry/diffusion code. Our results for the early Earth agree with those of Kasting (1993) for CO2, H2, CO and O2, but do not agree for water and atomic oxygen. We use the network to simulate an experiment where varied chemical initial conditions are irradiated by UV light. The result from our simulation is that more glycine is produced when more ammonia and methane is present. Very little glycine is produced in the absence of any molecular nitrogen and oxygen. This suggests that production of glycine is inhibited if a gas is too strongly reducing. Possible applications and limitations of the chemical kinetics network are also discussed. Subject headings: astrobiology — atmospheric effects — molecular processes — planetary systems 1. Introduction The input energy source and the initial chem- istry have been varied across these different ex- The potential connection between a focused periments.
    [Show full text]
  • With Methylacetylene (CH3CCH; X(1)A1) and D4-Methylacetylene (CD
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Formation of the 2-Methyl-1- silacycloprop-2-enylidene Molecule via the Crossed Beam Reactions of the Silylidyne Radical (SiH; X(2)Π) with Methylacetylene (CH3CCH; X(1)A1) and D4-Methylacetylene (CD... Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11x6w8jp Journal The journal of physical chemistry. A, 120(27) ISSN 1089-5639 Authors Yang, Tao Dangi, Beni B Kaiser, Ralf I et al. Publication Date 2016-07-01 DOI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12457 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Journal of Physical Chemistry This document is confidential and is proprietary to the American Chemical Society and its authors. Do not copy or disclose without written permission. If you have received this item in error, notify the sender and delete all copies. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Formation of the 2-Methyl-1-silacycloprop-2-enylidene Molecule via the Crossed Beam Reactions of the Silylidyne 2 1 Radical (SiH; X Π) with Methylacetylene (CH 3CCH; X A1) and 1 D4-Methylacetylene (CD 3CCD; X A1) Journal: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Manuscript ID jp-2015-12457n.R1 Manuscript Type: Special Issue Article Date Submitted by the Author: 27-Jan-2016 Complete List of Authors: Yang, Tao; University of Hawaii at Manoa, Chemistry Dangi, Beni; University of Hawaii at Manoa, Chemistry Kaiser, Ralf; University of Hawaii at Manoa Bertels, Luke; University of California at Berkeley, Chemistry Head-Gordon, Martin; University of California, Berkeley, Chemistry ACS Paragon Plus Environment Page 1 of 32 The Journal of Physical Chemistry 1 2 3 4 A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on the 5 6 Formation of the 2-Methyl-1-silacycloprop-2-enylidene 7 8 Molecule via the Crossed Beam Reactions of the Silylidyne 9 2 1 10 Radical (SiH; X ΠΠΠ) with Methylacetylene (CH3CCH; X A1) 11 1 12 and D4-Methylacetylene (CD3CCD; X A1) 13 14 15 16 17 Tao Yang, Beni B.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideal Gas Thermochemistry of Silicon Inorganic Organic and Ion Compounds
    This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Alexander Burcat, Elke Goos, Ideal gas thermochemical properties of silicon containing inorganic, organic compounds, radicals, and ions, Int J Chem Kinet. 2018;50:633–650, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.21188. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. 1 Ideal Gas Thermochemical Properties of Silicon containing Inorganic, Organic Compounds, Radicals and Ions. Alexander Burcat Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, [email protected] and Elke Goos, Institute of Combustion Technology, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR, German Aerospace Center), Pfaffenwaldring 38, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [email protected] ABSTRACT The ideal gas thermochemical properties such as standard heat of formation, entropy and heat capacities of 112 inorganic and 35 organic neutral compounds, radicals and ions containing silicon were calculated using molecular properties obtained with the G3B3 (or G3//B3LYP) method. Among them were linear and cyclic silanes, silenes, hydrocarbonsilanes, fluorine and oxygen containing compounds. Many of their molecular and thermodynamic properties were calculated for the first time and 16 of them had no CAS No. Additionally the thermochemical properties were presented in the NASA 7-term polynomial format for the temperature range of 200 K to 6000 K commonly used in chemical kinetic modeling and simulation programs. The polynomials are available in the supplement to this article free of charge. 2 KEYWORDS Thermodynamic data, Thermochemistry, Thermochemical properties, Heat of formation, Entropy, Enthalpy, Heat capacity, NASA format, Quantum chemical calculation, G3B3 composite approach, Silicon hydride, Silanes, Silicon fluoride, Silicon hydrocarbon, Silicon ions, Silicon compounds, Database INTRODUCTION Silicon containing substances are widely used and important for the mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Contributions of Gas-Phase Plasma
    DISSERTATION CONTRIBUTIONS OF GAS-PHASE PLASMA CHEMISTRY TO SURFACE MODIFICATIONS AND GAS-SURFACE INTERACTIONS: INVESTIGATIONS OF FLUOROCARBON RF PLASMAS Submitted by Michael F. Cuddy II Department of Chemistry In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2012 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Ellen R. Fisher Amber Krummel Nancy E. Levinger Dawn Rickey Azer P. Yalin ABSTRACT CONTRIBUTIONS OF GAS-PHASE PLASMA CHEMISTRY TO SURFACE MODIFICATIONS AND GAS-SURFACE INTERACTIONS: INVESTIGATIONS OF FLUOROCARBON RF PLASMAS The fundamental aspects of inductively coupled fluorocarbon (FC) plasma chem- istry were examined, with special emphasis on the contributions of gas-phase species to surface modifications. Characterization of the gas-phase constituents of single-source CF4-, C2F6-, C3F8-, and C3F6-based plasmas was performed using spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques. The effects of varying plasma parameters, including applied rf power (P) and system pressure (p) were examined. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy were employed to monitor the behav- ior of excited and ground CFx (x = 1,2) radicals, respectively. Mass spectrometric tech- niques, including ion energy analyses, elucidated behaviors of nascent ions in the FC plasmas. These gas-phase data were correlated with the net effect of substrate processing for Si and ZrO2 surfaces. Surface-specific analyses were performed for post-processed substrates via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle goniometry. Generally, precursors with lower F/C ratios tended to deposit robust FC films of high sur- face energy. Precursors of higher F/C ratio, such as CF4, were associated with etching or removal of material from surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • SILICONES USED for FOOD CONTACT APPLICATIONS Version 1 Œ 10.06.2004
    PUBLIC HEALTH COMMITTEE COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON MATERIALS COMING INTO CONTACT WITH FOOD POLICY STATEMENT CONCERNING SILICONES USED FOR FOOD CONTACT APPLICATIONS Version 1 œ 10.06.2004 NOTE TO THE READER The following documents are part of the Policy statement concerning silicones used for food contact applications: Resolution ResAP (2004) 5 on silicones to be used for food contact applications Technical document No. 1 œ List of substances to be used in the manufacture of silicones used for food contact applications The documents are available on the Internet website of the Partial Agreement Division in the Social and Public Health Field: www.coe.int/soc-sp 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Resolution ResAP (2004) 5 on silicones to be used for food contact applications ……………………………………………………………………….……. 4 Technical document No. 1 œ List of substances to be used in the manufacture of silicones used for food contact applications ……………………… 8 3 RESOLUTION RESAP (2004) 5 ON SILICONES USED FOR FOOD CONTACT APPLICATIONS 4 RESOLUTION RESAP (2004) 5 ON SILICONES USED FOR FOOD CONTACT APPLICATIONS (adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 1st December 2004 at the 907 th meeting of the Ministers‘ Deputies) (superseding Resolution AP AP (99) 3) The Committee of Ministers, in its composition restricted to the Representatives of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, member states of the Partial Agreement in the Social and Public Health Field, Recalling Resolution (59) 23 of 16 November 1959, concerning the extension of the activities of the Council of Europe in the social and cultural fields; Having regard to Resolution (96) 35 of 2 October 1996, whereby it revised the structures of the Partial Agreement and resolved to continue, on the basis of revised rules replacing those set out in Resolution (59) 23, the activities hitherto carried out and developed by virtue of that resolution; these being aimed in particular at: a.
    [Show full text]