DOCSLIB.ORG

Lobster Movements in Response to a Hurricane

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lobster Movements in Response to a Hurricane University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Jackson Estuarine Laboratory Space (EOS) 3-23-1995 Lobster movements in response to a hurricane Winsor H. Watson III University of New Hampshire, Durham, [email protected] Steven H. Jury University of New Hampshire, Durham William Hunting Howell University of New Hampshire, Durham, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/jel Recommended Citation Jury, S. H., W. H. Howell and W. H. Watson III. 1995. Lobster movements in response to a hurricane. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 119: 305-310. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/119/m119p305.pdf This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space (EOS) at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jackson Estuarine Laboratory by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 119: 305-310, 1995 Published March 23 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1 NOTE Lobster movements in response to a hurricane Steven H. Jury*, W. Huntting Howell, Winsor H. Watson 111'' Zoology Department, Center for Marine Biology. University of New Hampshire, Durham. New Hampshire 03824. USA ABSTRACT: There are several anecdotal reports of the event (Ennis 1984). After particularly severe storms, American lobster Homarus americanus moving to deeper there have been reports of many dead lobsters washed water, or suffering increased mortality, in response to storm up on beaches in New Brunswick (Prince 1897) and on events. It has also been reported that changes In salinity and temperature, similar to those result~ngfrom storm events, can Prince Edward Island, Canada (D. J. Scarratt pers. elicit avoidance behaviors. In 1991, during an ongoing lobster comm. reported in Drinkwater et al. 1991), and the study, Hurricane Bob caused a substantial drop in salinity in rapid declines in salinity associated with some storms the Great Bay Estuary, New Hamphlre, USA. This freshet, have reportedly caused lobster mortalities when the and possibly related environmental perturbations, was associ- ated with increased movement of lobsters down the estuary freshwater layer reached low enough to cover their toward the coast and a rise in catch in areas closer to the burrows (Thomas 1968, Thomas & White 1969).Taken coast. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that storms can together, these reports suggest that during storms induce movements of lobsters and subsequent transient shifts lobsters move to deeper water which is colder, calmer in the demographics of the lobster population. and has a higher salinity. The purpose of this study was to collect movement and catch data which might KEY WORDS: Estuary. Hurricane - Lobster. Movements improve our understanding of this behavior. Catastrophic storms, particularly hurricanes, may It is generally accepted that seasonal changes in the perturb the inshore environment by several means physico-chemical environment, particularly tempera- including increased turbidity (Tabb & Jones 1962, ture and salinity, affect the catch and movements of the Saloman & Naughton 1977), depletion of oxygen due American lobster Homarus amencanus (McCleese & to decomposition of exposed or resuspended organic Wilder 1958, Krouse 1973, Munro & Therriault 1983, sediments or detritus (Tabb & Jones 1962, Saloman & Reynolds & Casterlin 1985, Ennis 1986, Robichaud & Naughton 1977, Knott & Martore 1991), physical dis- Campbell 1991, Campbell 1992, DiBacco & Pringle turbance due to tidal, wind and wave action (Saloman 1992, W. Watson, H. Howell & A. Vetrovs unpubl. & Naughton 1977, Yeo & Risk 1979, Lowery 1992), and data). Intense storms often cause transient drops in low salinities caused by heavy rains and runoff (Salo- salinity and changes in water temperature, and several man & Naughton 1977, Knott & Martore 1991). The anecdotal reports suggest that these events trigger most obvious environmental impact of severe storms movements of lobsters. For example, both Cooper et al. (e.g. hurricanes) on temperate estuaries is the occur- (1975) and Ennis (1984) observed that adult lobsters rence of freshets (Witham et al. 1968, Boesch et al. in inshore regions undertake small-scale movements 1976, Knott & Martore 1991) which cause a rapid, and downslope from shallow waters to deeper areas in large, drop in salinity. response to stormy conditions. It was also noted that Lobsters are limited osmoregulators (Dall 1970) and when these storms occur during the summer, the lob- when they are exposed to decreased salinity there is a sters usually return to shallow waters shortly after the drop in blood osmolarity and an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption (Jury et al. 1994a). It has also been demonstrated that lobsters actively avoid salini- ties below approximately 20 to 17 ppt (Reynolds & 'Present address: SEA Division, NOAA, N/ORCA 1. SSMC 4, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA Casterlin 1985, Jury et al. 1994b). The upper lethal ' 'Addressee for correspondence temperatures for adults range from 20.6 to 30.5"C and 0 Inter-Research 1995 Resale of full article not pernu'tted 306 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 119: 305-310. 1995 the lower lethal salinities range from 6.0 to 16.4 ppt culty in finding controls, and often the inability to (McCleese 1956). The lethal salinity (LDw) for Stage I sample during the storm (Boesch et al. 1976).Nonethe- lobsters is approximately 17 ppt and this decreases to less, the data presented have been interpreted conser- between 10.5 and 12 ppt in Stages IV and V (Char- vatively and support the limited observational data mantier et al. 1988).Newly hatched larvae avoid salin- showing that lobsters move short distances in response ities of less than 21.4 ppt (Scarra.t & Raine 1967) and to episodic environmental perturbations caused by the metabolic stress of low salinity is thought to be storms. greatest for larvae and molting individuals (Scarrat Methods. Lobsters were trapped at 5 sampling sites & Raine 1967, Charmantier et al. 1988). Finally, the within the Great Bay Estuary and coastal waters of warmer the water, the less tolerant lobsters are to New Hampshire (Fig. 2). All were caught in standard, drops in salinity (McLeese 1956). Therefore, summer vinyl-coated wire commercial traps baited with her- storm events are likely to result in potentially lethal ring, and tended 2 to 3 times per week. Lobsters changes in the ambient salinity and temperature for were measured, sexed, molt-staged, tagged using inshore lobsters. individually numbered modified sphyrion tags (Scar- On August 19, 1991, Hurricane Bob passed over ratt 1970), and released immediately at the same the New Hampshire, USA, coast and the intense location. Some additional tagging and trapping was rains associated with the storm caused the salinity in carried out on commercial lobster boats and the tag the upper Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, to number and location of recaptured animals was re- drop to close to 0 ppt; and, it remained below 10 ppt ported by local lobstermen or University of New for more than 1 wk (Fig. 1). After a lag of approxi- Hampshire (UNH) personnel. As all lobsters below the mately 4 d, freshets from the 7 rivers emptying into legal size limit were immediately released, some the estuary even caused a drop in salinity from 31 to lobsters were recaptured (and their location reported) 20 ppt at the coasiai terminus of the Great Bay on several occasions. Bottom salinity and temperature estuarine system. There was also a concurrent de- were recorded daily (Fig. 1) in the upper Great Bay crease in temperature in the upper estuary, but not (Endeco Model 972 CTD meter; daily mean computed in the lower estuary (Fig. 1). Because this hurricane from hourly readings) and at the UNH Coastal Marine occurred during an ongoing study of the temporal Laboratory near the mouth of Portsmouth Harbor, and spatial distribution of Homarus amencanus in New Hampshire (precision mercury thermometer and this estuary, we have been able to document its a temperature compensated refractometer). In the effects on lobster movements and catch per unit estuary both temperature and salinity exhibited tidal effort (CPUE). fluctuations with a range of up to 5°C and 5 ppt, Although our data support the notion that severe respectively. The magnitude of this tidal variability storms induce lobster movements (Cooper et al. 1975, diminished toward the coast. Ennis 1984), this study was not intentionally designed To examine hurricane effects, lobster data collected in to test the effect of storms on lobster movements and 1989, 1990, and 1992 were compared with data catch. Indeed, logistical problems abound in studies of collected in 1991, the year of Hurricane Bob. For each storm events due to their unpredictable nature, diffi- year directional movement information was extracted 1990 1991 1992 * ,,.. , ,: :,,: . .. .... /v-.. '. ... .. aW 0 20 : : :. '..' ' . ...: Fig. 1. Daily salinity (ppt)and ternper- 0 ature ("C) in the Great Bay Estuary JUL AUG SEPT and New Hampshire Coastal Waters JUL AUG SEPT JUL AUG SEPT (Portsmouth Harbor) between July 1 DATE and September 30, 1990-1992. BOB: (July l - September 30) hurricane, August 19, 1991 Jury et al.: Lobster re: ~ponseto a hurricane 1990 1997 YEAR Fig. 3. Movements of tagged lobsters Homarus americanus in the Great Bay Estuary between July and September for 1989 to 1992. Percent of lobsters which moved in a given direction (upstream, downstream) or didn't move at all (stationary)was determined by analysis of individuals tagged during the 30 d Fig 2 Locations of salinity and temperature monitonng (a), pnor to August 19, 1991 (when Hurricane Bob occurred), and and trapping (U) sites in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hamp- subsequently recaptured during the following 30 d shre, USA Dark bars at Fox Point and the SML Bridge indi- cate where we d~videdthe estuary into upper, mlddle and lower sections to facilitate data analyses penod of time (compare hatched bars, Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS HYDR0-20 STORM TIDE
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS HYDR0-20 STORM TIDE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS FOR THE GULF COAST OF FLORIDA FROM CAPE SAN BLAS TO ST. PETERSBURG BEACH Francis P. Ho and Robert J. Tracey Office of Hydrology Silver Spring, Md. April 1975 UNITED STATES /NATIONAL OCEANIC AND / National Weather DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Service Frederick B. Dent, Secretar1 Robert M. White, Administrator George P, Cressman, Director CONTENTS 1. Introduction. • • • • • • • 1 1.1 Objective and scope •• 1 1.2 Authorization •• 1 1.3 Study method •• 2 2. Summary of historical hurricanes •• 2 2.1 Hurricane tracks 2 2.2 Historical notes 3 3. Climatology of hurricane characteristics. 8 3.1 Frequency of hurricane tracks •••. 8 3.2 Probability distribution of hurricane intensity. 8 3.3 Probability distribution of radius of maximum winds. 9 3.4 Probability distribution of speed and direction of forward motion • . • • • • • • • • 9 4. Hurricane surge • • • • 9 4.1 Surge model ••• 9 4.2 Shoaling factor •• 10 5. Tide frequency analysis by joint probability method • 10 5.1 The joint probability method • 10 5.2 Astronomical tides •••••• 11 5.2.1 Reference datum •.•••• 11 Table 1. Tropical storm parameters - Clearwater, Fla 12 Table 2. Tropical storm parameters - Bayport, Fla •• 13 Table 3. Tropical storm parameters - Cedar Key, Fla. 14 Table 4. Tropical storm parameters- Rock ·Islands, Fla .. 15 Table 5. Tropical storm parameters - Carrabelle, Fla • 16 Table 6. Tropical storm parameters - Apalachicola, Fla 17 5.2.2 Astronomical tide • • • •.• 19 5.3 Prestorm water level ••••••. 19 5.4 Tide frequencies • • • • . • ••• 19 5.5 Adjustment along coast ••••••.•••.•••. 19 5.6 Comparison of frequency curves with observed tides and high-water marks • • • • • • • • • • • .
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane and Tropical Storm
    State of New Jersey 2014 Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 5. Risk Assessment 5.8 Hurricane and Tropical Storm 2014 Plan Update Changes The 2014 Plan Update includes tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surge in this hazard profile. In the 2011 HMP, storm surge was included in the flood hazard. The hazard profile has been significantly enhanced to include a detailed hazard description, location, extent, previous occurrences, probability of future occurrence, severity, warning time and secondary impacts. New and updated data and figures from ONJSC are incorporated. New and updated figures from other federal and state agencies are incorporated. Potential change in climate and its impacts on the flood hazard are discussed. The vulnerability assessment now directly follows the hazard profile. An exposure analysis of the population, general building stock, State-owned and leased buildings, critical facilities and infrastructure was conducted using best available SLOSH and storm surge data. Environmental impacts is a new subsection. 5.8.1 Profile Hazard Description A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2013a). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane & Tropical Storm
    5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hurricane Season of 1966 Arnold L
    March 1967 Arnold L. Sugg 131 THE HURRICANE SEASON OF 1966 ARNOLD L. SUGG* National Hurricane Center, US. Weather Bureau Office, Miami, Florida I 1. GENERAL SUMMARY ward in the United States in September (Green [4]), but The 1966 hurricane season began early and ended late. While the number of storms was only slightly above normal, hurricane days totalled 50, well above the yearly average of 33 and the second highest of record tabulated since 1954 (table 1). Hurricane days for June and November exceeded the previous 12-y ear totals. Except for a late May-early June hurricane in 1825, Alma, the first tropical cyclone of the 1966 season, made landfall in the United States earlier in the season than any other hurricane of record. Faith and Inez were tracked over very long distances (fig. 1). The 65 advisories on Inez were the most ever issued for a hurricane and the total of 151 bulletins and advisories also exceeded previous advices on a hurricane. The unusual path of Inez made her the first single storm of record to affect the West Indies, the Bahamas, Florida, and Mexico. She was also the first of record, so late in the season, to cross the entire Gulf of Mexico without recurvature. The season continued active through July. Since 1871, there have been only thee other years when the fifth tropica.1 cyclone developed as early as July. These were 1933 (fifth tropical cyclone on July 25, total of 21 cyclones), 1936 (July 27, 16 cyclones), and 1959 (July 22, 11 cyclones). According to Wagner [14], the June 700-mb.
    [Show full text]
  • Lane Et Al 2011 WHOAS Content
    A decadally-resolved paleohurricane record archived in the late Holocene sediments of a Florida sinkhole Philip Lane a∗ [email protected] Jeffrey P. Donnelly a [email protected] Jonathan D. Woodruff b [email protected] Andrea D. Hawkes a [email protected] a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, MS # 22 Woods Hole, MA, 02543, U.S.A. b University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Department of Geosciences, 249 Morrill Science Center, 611 North Pleasant St., Amherst, MA, 01003, U.S.A. Abstract A 4500-year record of hurricane-induced storm surges is developed from sediment cores collected from a coastal sinkhole near Apalachee Bay, Florida. Recent deposition of sand layers in the upper sediments of the pond was found to be contemporaneous with significant, historic storm surges at the site modeled using SLOSH and the Best Track, post-1851 A.D. dataset. Using the historic portion of the record for calibration, paleohurricane deposits were identified by sand content and dated using radiocarbon-based age models. Marine-indicative foraminifera, some originating at least 5 km offshore, were present in several modern and ancient storm deposits. The presence and long-term preservation of offshore foraminifera suggest that this site and others like it may yield promising microfossil-based paleohurricane reconstructions in the future. Due to the sub-decadal (~ 7 year) resolution of the record and the site’s high susceptibility to hurricane-generated storm surges, the average, local frequency of recorded events, approximately 3.9 storms per century, is greater than that of previously published paleohurricane records from the region.
    [Show full text]
  • P3.4 the Distribution of Precipitation Over the Northeast Accompanying Landfalling and Transitioning Tropical Cyclones
    20th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting Seattle, WA, 11–15 January 2004 P3.4 The Distribution of Precipitation over the Northeast Accompanying Landfalling and Transitioning Tropical Cyclones David P. DeLuca*, Lance F. Bosart, Daniel Keyser University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York and David R. Vallee National Weather Service Forecast Office, Taunton, Massachusetts 1. INTRODUCTION United States. Approximately 3500 surface stations were analyzed for each storm period (currently: 1950– Landfalling and transitioning tropical cyclones 1991) by Ron Horwood of NWS WFO Taunton, MA. pose a significant heavy precipitation forecast challenge Obvious erroneous data were removed to obtain the most over the northeastern United States. The forecast accurate analyses possible. challenge is heightened because the heavy rainfall distribution associated with these tropical cyclones can A subset of eight storms (Fig. 1) where the be modulated significantly when the poleward-moving precipitation distribution is possibly influenced by storms interact with mobile midlatitude upper-level coastal frontogenesis was chosen from well–documented troughs and coastal fronts over regions of complex or famous cases. Detailed analyses were conducted terrain. The purpose of this paper is to document the using the four times daily (0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 large spatial and temporal variability of heavy UTC) NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset (Kalnay et al. precipitation that accompanies landfalling and 1996; Kistler et al. 2001) and archived DIFAX surface transitioning tropical cyclones, and to determine the charts in an attempt to elucidate both synoptic and physical basis for the observed rainfall distribution. mesoscale processes. 2. METHODOLOGY 3. RESULTS A 38-storm dataset (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial Day 2020
    Inside the Moon Around The Islands A2 School's Out A2 The Big Dig A5 Marker 37's New Look A9 Issue 841 The 27° 37' 0.5952'' N | 97° 13' 21.4068'' W Photo bySteve Coons Island Free The voiceMoon of The Island since 1996 May 28, 2020 Weekly www.islandmoon.com FREE Around The Dr. Donna Island Memorial Day 2020 By Dale Rankin Shaver is a The Weekly Island Power Outage waited for the weekend this week and Final Finalist it didn’t take a driver running into a utility pole, or gravity getting the better of a power line. It was just the for “Sammie” wind and rain that hit us two nights in a row and brought some much needed Award rain our way. On the police beat this week Noise Ordinance Complaints Needs Islanders are down, car wrecks and Assaults are up with Suspicious Person calls Bob Hall Pier Michael J. Ellis Beach support to win holding steady. By Maureen Hurlow It was a weekend to stay away from the beach and the JFK Causeway Each year the and head for the Ski Basin. The rain Sammie awards turned the parking area under the JFK (“Sammies”) into a big lake and the fisherpersons are awarded to just parked their trailers in it anyway. honor members of the federal For the past several weeks the government parking area around the JFK Bridge workforce, has been jammed even during highlighting weekdays with boat trailers and the work of Dr. Donna trucks as people launch there. The employees Shaver city currently has $1.5 million in Island beaches from Port Aransas to Padre National Seashore were jammed over the Memorial Day Weekend with making bond money but no design yet for traffic on the JFK Causeway backed up all the Way to Oso Bay on Saturday.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Hermine – the First Hurricane to Landfall on Florida Since 2005 Prepared by Daniel J
    Hurricane Hermine – the First Hurricane to Landfall on Florida since 2005 Prepared by Daniel J. Brouillette, Florida Climate Center Courtesy: NASA Naval Research Laboratory. Introduction At around 1:30 AM EDT on 2 September 2016, Hurricane Hermine made landfall near Saint Marks, Wakulla County, in the Big Bend region. Hermine was the first hurricane to make landfall on Florida since Hurricane Wilma made landfall near Cape Romano, Collier County, on 24 October 2005. The streak of no Florida hurricane landfalls spanned 3966 days and was record long. The previous record-long streak was 2271 days between the time of landfall of Hurricane David near West Palm Beach on 3 September 1979 and the time of landfall of Hurricane Kate near Mexico Beach, Bay County, on 21 November 1985. Hermine was also the first hurricane to make landfall on Apalachee Bay coastline since Hurricane Alma made landfall near Alligator Point, Wakulla County, on 9 June 1966. Hermine was the second named storm of 2016 to landfall on Florida after Tropical Storm Colin did so on 6 June. Development and Evolution Hermine had a protracted history and path before it made landfall. On 18 August, forecasters at the National Hurricane Center called attention to a tropical wave that had developed about 300 miles southwest of the Cape Verde islands. After strong wind shear and dry air hindered its development for a few days, a poorly defined circulation was evident by the 23rd, when the wave was just east of Guadalupe in the Caribbean Sea. The strength and organization of the wave waxed and waned as it then moved across the Caribbean Sea, impacting Puerto Rico and the southern Bahamas, before it gained a well-defined circulation on the 28th.
    [Show full text]
  • Presentation
    2A.7 A 4500-YEAR RECORD OF HURRICANE FREQUENCY IN THE GULF OF MEXICO ARCHIVED IN A NORTH FLORIDA SINKHOLE Philip Lane* Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 Jeffrey Donnelly Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 Jonathan Woodruff Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 Andrea Hawkes Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 1. INTRODUCTION* 2. STUDY AREA Climate determines the attributes of hurricane Apalachee Bay, situated in the Big Bend region populations by dictating the range of environmental of Florida’s Gulf Coast, encompasses 400 km2 of the conditions that control the formation and life histories of coastal shelf submerged to an average depth of 3 tropical cyclones (Gray 1968, Emanuel 1987, Emanuel meters (USEPA 1999) (Figure 1a,b). This shallow, 1988, Emanuel et al. 2004). As facilitators of significant concave bay is highly susceptible to extreme storm heat transport within and between the atmosphere and surges generated by hurricanes that frequent the Gulf of ocean, tropical cyclones are also important, active Mexico. Storm tide frequency analysis by a joint components of Earth’s climate system (Emanuel 2001, probability method suggests that the expected 100-yr Emanuel 2002, Scott and Marotzke 2002, Sriver and surge in the Bay is about 4.5 meters above mean sea Huber 2007, Korty et al. 2008, Hart et al. 2008, Hart level (Ho and Tracey 1975). Storm surges in excess of 2009, Sriver et al.
    [Show full text]
  • NOAA Technical Report NWS 15 Some Climatological Characteristics of Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, Gulf and East Coasts of the United States
    NOI\A TEI.l!NICAL REP0RTS National Weather Service Series The National Weather Service (N\'iS) makes observations and measurements of atmospheric phenomena, develops and distributes forecasts of weather conditions and warnings of adverse weather, and collects and disseminates weather information to meet the needs of the public and specialized users. The 1\WS develops the national meteorological service system and the improved procedures and techniques for weather and hydrologic measurements and forecasts, and for their dissemination. N\'IS series of NOAI\ Technical Reports is a continuation of the former series, ESSI\ Technical Report Weather Bureau (\VB). Reports 1 to 3 are available from the Nation8l Technical Information Service, fl.S. Denartment of Commerce, Sills Bldg., 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22151. Prices vary. Order by accession number (at end of each entry). Beginninr, with 4, Reports are available from the Superintendent of Docu­ ments, U.S. Governnent Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. ESSI\ Technical Renorts \VB '·lonthly 'lean 100-, SO-, 30-, and 10-'lilHbar Charts January 1964 through December 1965 of the IQSY Period. Staff, Upper Air Branch, National ~leteorological Center, February 1967 (AD 651 101) \I'B 2 Weekly Synoptic Analyses, 5-, 2-, and 0.4-Hb Surfaces for 1964 (based on observations of, the 11eteorological Rocket Network during the I(lSY). Staff, Ppner 1\ir Branch, National ~·!eteorologi­ cal Center, April 1967 (AD 652 696) li'B 3 1\'eekly Synoptic Analyses, 5-, 2-, and 0. 4-'!b Surfaces for 1965 (based on observations of the Heteorological Rocket Network during tlw IQSY). Staff, !lpner Air Branch, :-.lational 'leteorolo~,;i­ cal Center, August 1<167 (AD 662 053) I'!B 4 The 'larch-/lay 1965 Floods in the Upper '1ississippi, 'lissouri, and Red River of the North Basins.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Development and Movement
    R. H. SIMPSON AND ROGER A. PIELKE* Introduction whereas the extratropical wave cyclone has a broader more homogeneous swath of damaging winds. A small Economic losses due to hurricanes in the United States change in the hurricane track may cause a major shift currently averagesmore than $800 million a year! and in the coastal threat (see e.g., Brand and Blelloch, 1975). the trend over the last three decades (see Fig. 1 next Thus, one of the greatest challenges in hurricane fore- page) is exponentially upward? This reflects the en9r- casting is the prediction of landfall, and most of the mous increases in construction along the hurricane- forecast improvement resources have been devoted to vulnerable coastlines as Americans migrate to the sea- the problems of movement and landfall. shore. Over the same period the annual loss of life in Hurricane forecasting comprises three closely related hurricanes has steadily diminished. If this is a measure but (at present) independent prediction tasks, the failure of increasing effectiveness of the hurricane warning of anyone of which may vitiate the success of the service, it is also a frail statistic. There are at least three others. These tasks are: (1) the prediction of movement reasons: first is the increasing numbers of people direct- and landfall; (2) the simulation of the storm surge3 in- ly exposed to hurricanes, many of whom have never cluding inland and riverine flooding; and (3) the predic- experienced one (N. L. Frank, 1974); second, the near- tion of extreme winds and areal extent of damaging plateau reached some years ago in prediction skill winds.
    [Show full text]
  • Darling Sanctuary
    SANIBEL. CAPTIVA ISLANDS DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF SANIBEL AND CAPTIVA ISLANDS The Finest Shelling Be aches in the Western H e m i s p h e r e VOLUME 6 NUMBER 24 PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY JUNE 16, 1966 ALMA'S DAMAGE SLIGHT/ALL THINGS CONSIDERED Predictions of 7 to 11 foot tides sent many Islanders hurrying to damage on Captiva consisted of broken palm fronds, twisted sea grapes safety in homes of friends, motels and hotels in Fort Myers Wednesday and broken Australian pine branches. morning, June 8, as Hurricane Alma began to move up the southwest An eight inch water main exploded at Crescent Farms, the water Florida coast from the Keys. spurting out high, wide and handsome and leaving three families with- A rainfall of 2.82 was recorded Wednesday and Thursday on Cap- out water. tiva Island; wind gusts up to 80 m.p.h. were reported briefly on near- One of South Seas's cottages was lifted off its foundations, a few ly Fort Myers Beach, but winds mostly stayed in the 45 to 65 m.p.h. shingles were blown from various houses, and the electricity was off range. until Friday afternoon at 2 p.m., but all in all, the damage was small. Thursday afternoon, all roads were clear with the exception of Sanibel Island motels seemed to be hardest hit by the gusts of winds. the Captiva road bend on the way to South Seas Plantation just past The Gallery motel lost part of a roof on the two story building near the corner after Mary Cunningham's shop.
    [Show full text]