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Special Effects) Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 8 Issue 07, July-2019 Recent Trends in VFX (Virtual Effects) and SFX (Special Effects) Ajay Shivshankar Pardeshi Vaishnavi Balaji Karbhari Student of Second Year B.Sc. Animation, Student of Second Year B.Sc. Animation, Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Arts, Commerce and Science. Dr. D.Y.Patil College of Arts, Commerce and Science. Pune, India. Pune, India. Abstract-This paper gives detailed information on Trends in Virtual Effects and its Sub-Concept of CGI, also about the • Visual effects primarily divides into two groups of: importance of Special Effects in Animation and Education 1. Special Effects: It covers any visual effects that Sector. This Paper tell about VFX and also involves the take place in live action, e.g. on set explosions assimilation of live action and CGI to create realistic environment, effects and shots, which would otherwise be or stunt performance. impossible or dangerous to film in real life scenario during 2. Digital effects (commonly shortened to digital filming. Some new Trends of VFX are followed by the film FX or FX): It covers the various processes by Making Industries and Institutes of Animation to clear the which imagery is created or manipulated with or vision and provide no chance for audiences to distinguish from photographic assets. FX is usually associated between the real scene and digital Virtual scenes. The paper with the still photography world in contrast to talks about a different concept in production pipeline of Pre- visual effects which is associated with motion film Visualization. It tells about photorealism and how to achieve photorealism in films. production. • Digital FX also divides into Different subgroups of Keywords-Visual Effects, Special Effects, CGI, Pre- Visualization, Photorealism. professions such as: I. INRODUCTION • Matte paintings and stills: Digital or traditional Visual effects (abbreviated VFX) is the process by which paintings or photographs which serve as background imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of plates for 3D characters, particle effects, digital sets, a live Action shot in film making. backgrounds. Visual effects involve the integration of live action footage • Motion capture (or Mo-Cap): The process of recording i.e. Special Effects (SFX) and generated imagery (digital the movements of objects and or people. In a session of effects and/or optical effects) to create environments, motion capture, the subject whose motion is being inanimate objects, animals and/or creatures which look captured is recorded and sampled many times per realistic, but would be dangerous, expensive, impractical, second by different scanners placed all over the time consuming or impossible to capture on film. Visual environment. effects using Computer generated imagery (CGI) have • Modelling: Creating 3D models of props or characters recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker using specialized software. with the introduction of affordable and easy-to- use animation and composition software. • What's the difference between VFX, SFX and CGI? Visual effects are often integral to a movie's story and ➢ VFX generally comes into the picture during the appeal. Although most visual effects work is completed post-production of a film/TV, etc. Originally the during post production, it usually must be carefully planned scenes are shot in front of a green screen and required effects/details are added with the help of and choreographed in pre-production and production. Visual high-end computer systems. effects primarily executed in post-production with the use of multiple tools and technologies such as graphic design, modeling, animation and similar software, While special ➢ SFX It basically involves practical effects that are effects such as explosions and car chases are made on set. created and implemented directly on the set. A visual effects supervisor is usually involved with the Special effects comprise prosthetic makeup, production from an early stage to work closely with animatronics, puppetry, creature suits, etc. For production and the film's director design, guide and lead the example, practical puppets were created as teams required to achieve the desired effects. animatronic version for the different shots of different characters. ➢ CGI is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television programs, IJERTV8IS070389 www.ijert.org 882 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 8 Issue 07, July-2019 commercials, videos, and simulators. They are action. Previz animatics of Apes gave clear idea characters, models or designs that are created using about the director’s vision to the VFX artists from a computer. CGI is most commonly used to refer focal length to lighting. static or dynamic 3D computer generated images • Best Software used for Pre- Visualization: but it also refers to static or dynamic 2D computer For big movie project director hires VFX Company to do the generated images. Pre-Vis. But in case you are not in a position to hire Pre-Vis team then you can use Software like Light wave II. TRENDS IN VFX: 3D, Maya, Autodesk Motion Builder, Softimage XSI which are commonly used for Pre-Vis. A. Pre–Visualization (previz): From mid-1990s digital Pre-Visualization became an B. Photorealism: Most Important trend. essential tool in the big budget feature film. The word “photorealism” has gathered much-deserved Previz is the process of visualizing the complex scenes in a attention and applications across all traditional and modern- movie before filming. We know that storyboards provide a day artistic endeavors. In simple words, photorealism is a general look of each scene but previz indicates the scene visual effects technique that includes drawing, painting and that VFX artists need to have. In case your film has lot all graphic material available at a photographer or of computer graphics and unique creatures then your filming filmmaker’s disposal and then using different platforms and will be within a background of blue or green screens. But mediums to make the gathered information as life-like as how your live actors will perform the way you want it would possible. Although photorealism originated from pop art, it be better if they could see the final version and here has evolved considerably over the years. Photorealism has comes“Pre- Visualization”. survived this long because it has been undiluted and has managed to stay consistently compelling. • Understanding Photorealism. • Why is Pre- Visualization Needed? A huge misconception is that all a VFX artist does is make Animated Previz helps VFX Supervisors to improve and an image as realistic as possible. The approach to creating a experiment on camera movements, lighting placement, VFX sequence depends on the object in question and staging and duration. If virtual camera movement or action whether it follows the laws of nature or not. For example, if sequences are badly timed without Previz then the film’s a VFX supervisor is to shoot a car or an animal, he chooses narration will miss the attention from the audience. A good the photograph which has the most detailed texture, Previz for VFX can differentiate between a good movie and composition or light to enhance and make it look more a great movie. A Previz VFX Supervisor not only decides realistic on screen. But when it comes to preparing for a shots but the whole sequences, the camera angles, spacing, sequence that has an alien ship or sci-fi props like the ones lenses and everything about a film. used in Star Wars, there’s nothing much to compare the Modern Previz team uses computer animation to show the image to. It all now boils down to the VFX artist’s vision, director’s choices in motion. The Previz starts at the pre- creativity and skills to use all the information and create production stage and it provides entire cast and crew clear magic on-screen. vision about how the actions would be during the shooting • Mind-blowing Examples of Photorealism: process. To cite some examples of the use of photorealism in VFX, Previz for VFX is usually created by 3D tool in virtual we can refer to the imagery used in movies like Marvel’s environment. Guardians of the Galaxy and Disney’s The Jungle Book. The • Pre-Visualization Supervisor Mark Nelson said in use of realistic imagery and the finished product gives you a one of his interview that “We replaced creatures preview of what photorealism can do for the VFX industry with various designs four or five times throughout and not just limited to the movie business. the Previs process and that is the kind of job during Pre-Visualization.” Film Maleficent had 1,200 Previs shots and 30 different sequences. • Best Software used for Photorealism: Previs may look like simple grey shapes with The most widely-used rendering software or image- characters or it may look like sophisticated enhancing tools include 3Delight, Arnold, Artlantis, stunning video games. Previs artist may add Clarisse, Maxwell Render and Octane Render Solid works temporary music and dialogues into the edited Visual. rough version of the complex shots. CONCLUSION • Making Use of Pre-Visualization in Movies: • In the Movie like “Rise of the Planet of Apes” group Hence, the main motive to use VFX and SFX in our movies of Previz artists choreographed every shot and Games is to provide the quality work in such away that featuring a digital ape VFX artists created rough audience watching the content should not able to distinguish version of the complex shots. Previz VFX artists between the real and visual part of the film and every content created about 1500 shots for Previz with 50 artists must seem like real natural world, to achieve such visual working on different stages for this movie of Ape.
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