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Southeastern-Palms-Vol-20-3-February-2013.Pdf SoutheasternSoutheastern PalmsPalms Volume 20-3 1 www.sepalms.org Visit SPS on Facebook Southeastern Palms is the journal of the Southeastern Palm Society (SPS). The society, founded in 1992, is the southeastern United States (north-of-Florida) chapter of the renowned International Palm Society. Members are devoted to growing hardy palms and other subtropical plants. Editor and Tom McClendon, St. Marys, Georgia article submissions [email protected] Design, layout, and production Jeff Stevens, Apison, Tennessee Mailing and Johnny Cochran, Douglasville, Georgia missing issues [email protected] Address changes, membership and Will Taylor, Athens, Tennessee payment questions [email protected] Online membership renewal and bookstore www.sepalms.org Editors emeritus: Will Roberds: 1992–1997 Alan Bills: 1997–2000 Jeff Stevens: 2001–2008 © 2012 Southeastern Palm Society 2 Contents Volume 20-3 February 2013 4 From the Editor: Sabal Palms from a California Perspective by Tom McClendon 6 Suddenly Sabal, Seriously Part 1 of 3 by Donald R. Hodel ● Introduction ● The genus Sabal ● Key to the species of Sabal ● Sabal species • S. bermudana • S. causiarum Series continued in Volume 21-1 and 21-2. 2012 is the Southeastern Palm Society’s 20th Anniversary! Front Cover: Sabal palmetto with the spire of St. Phillip’s, Charleston, South Carolina. Photo: ©iStockphoto.com/WKRice. 3 From the Editor: Sabal Palms from a California Perspective Along with the genus Trachycarpus, no other group of palms is as beloved to gardeners in the Southeast as those in the genus Sabal. Much of the affection for Sabal palms undoubtedly stems from the fact that the genus is native to North America (and a touch of South America), with the native Southeastern species often listed as “Caribbean” Sabal species. And who doesn’t want to live in the Caribbean? The Southeast is home to several species of Sabal palms, most notably Sabal minor and Sabal palmetto. We sometimes forget that Sabal etonia is endemic to Florida and widely adapted to much of the Southeast. It is still possible to find seeds and palms of the even less-known Sabal miamiensis, which was listed as a valid species by Dr. Scott Zona in his 1990 monograph of the genus, but whose native habitat in Dade County, Florida, has been eliminated by urbanization. If we expand the definition of the Southeast to include the Gulf coast of Texas, then we also can include Sabal mexicana and the still-mysterious Brazoria palmetto, which has been recently given the name Sabal x brazoriensis. And let’s not forget the anomalies that dot the horticultural landscape and give variety to palm collections everywhere. Most famous is almost certainly Sabal sp. ‘Birmingham’. By now, most hardy palm enthusiasts are familiar with the history of this unique and cold-hardy variety of Sabal, though exactly of which species is a subject for another time. Whatever the taxonomic status of Sabal sp. ‘Birmingham’, it is recognized and appreciated for its horticultural attributes. In addition, botanists have known for a long time that Sabal minor is morphologically quite variable, and that many of these differences are genetically stable. As a result, gardeners are beginning to use Sabal minor ‘Blountstown’ differently than they 4 do Sabal minor var. louisiana to create striking and interesting effects. What’s also becoming increasingly apparent is that the actual numbers of species that are well adapted to the Southeast is much higher than previously thought. No longer are gardeners limited to Sabal palmetto and Sabal minor, but can now include other species that previously were thought to be much more tropical. Do you want a cold-hardy silver-blue palm? Sabal uresana looks to be about as hardy as Sabal palmetto. Does a massive palm with a trunk like a concrete pillar sound like a great idea? Sabal causiarum is reliably hardy at least to Augusta, Georgia. In this and the next two issues of Southeastern Palms, we present a series on the genus Sabal by Dr. Don Hodel. Dr. Hodel is a world-renowned expert on palms and is the author of several books and numerous articles on palms, most notably on the genus Chamaedorea. In this series, Dr. Hodel looks at “our” genus from a California perspective, with his excellent writing style and photographs shedding new light on the adaptability and versatility of this remarkable group of palms. —Tom McClendon 5 SuddenlySuddenly SabalSabal , , SeriouslySeriously Part 1 of 3 Article and photos by Donald R. Hodel University of California 700 West Main Street Alhambra, California 91801 [email protected] Figure 1. When still in the trunkless juvenile stage, large Sabals can be exceedingly handsome with their full contingent of leaves appearing to arise directly from the ground and characterized by large blades and long petioles. 6 SuddenlySuddenly SabalSabal , , SeriouslySeriously 7 ver since Scott Zona’s fine monograph of Sabal was E published nearly 20 years ago (Zona 1990), I have been intending to use it to determine the correct names of the various Sabal cultivated in California. However, there were a few diversions along the way, Chamaedorea, New Caledonia, Thailand, the South Pacific and Pritchardia, and the horticulture of landscape palms, to name just a few, which led me astray. But finally Pritchardia was “put to bed” and I found myself with a little time on my hands on a long, cool, mid-winter evening, and, like a thief in the night, Sabal was suddenly and seriously upon me. In earnest I delved into Sabal, ardently gathering the appropriate literature and visiting the public gardens and plantings in Southern California where this intriguing, useful, and often unfairly overlooked if not discounted or dismissed group of palms is grown. Using Scott’s monograph, I could identify somewhat easily about six species of Sabal cultivated in Southern California, including Sabal bermudana, Sabal mauritiiformis, Sabal minor, Sabal rosei, Sabal uresana, and Sabal yapa. However, several other species, all moderate to large palms with few or no obvious distinguishing characters, proved difficult if not impossible to identify with any degree of confidence. What were these unidentified palms: Sabal causiarum, Sabal domingensis, Sabal guatemalensis, Sabal maritima, Sabal mexicana or Sabal palmetto? I realized I was at somewhat of a dead end and needed new, additional resources to identify these other palms accurately. Unfortunately, I also realized that there were several, related obstacles I had to overcome to identify these other Sabal. One was that nearly all Sabal in gardens and collections in Southern California were from cultivated sources, primarily gardens in Florida, like Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, or other gardens in California, and were not wild collected. To apply names accurately to the unidentified Sabal, it was critical to see documented, wild- collected plants. The other obstacle was that I suspected that 8 many Sabal in Southern California might be hybrids simply because they were primarily from cultivation, and mostly from large gardens and collections harboring many species of Sabal where the possibility of hybridization would be great. Thus, I realized that I needed to visit to Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and the Montgomery Botanical Center in Miami, Florida, both of which have extensive, exceptional holdings of documented, wild-collected Sabal, easily the best in the world. So, I was off to Florida in April 2008 to visit these gardens and examine their Sabal collections for a few days. But being an opportunist, I also decided, because I would be at the Caribbean’s front door, to make a brief visit to the Dominican Republic to try to resolve the Sabal causiarum/Sabal domingensis conundrum. Here are the fruits of my intense but relatively brief labors. I base my findings on Scott’s monograph (Zona 1990) and the works of Liberty H. Bailey (1934, 1939, 1940, 1944); excursions to Ventura Community College, Pierce Community College in Woodland Hills, The Huntington, The Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, Elysian Park (Chavez Ravine Arboretum) in Los Angeles, Fullerton Arboretum at California State University in Fullerton, University of California Riverside Botanical Garden, Quail Botanical Gardens in Encinitas, Palomar Community College in San Marcos, and other gardens and collections in California; visits to Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and the Montgomery Botanical Center in Florida; and field work in the Dominican Republic. The visits to Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and Montgomery Botanical Center, where I observed and photographed documented, wild-collect plants, were especially illuminating because they made clear that hybridization is likely a major factor muddling an already confusing situation with several species of Sabal in California. For example, documented, wild-collected Sabal etonia at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and Montgomery Botanical Center are similar but still significantly different from 9 plants labeled as such in Southern California but which were grown from seeds collected in Florida gardens! In similar instances, wild-collected Sabal maritima and Sabal mexicana at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and Montgomery Botanical Center are only somewhat similar to plants purportedly of these species in several gardens and collections in southern California. In other instances, there are Sabal cultivated in southern California that are similar to but do not exactly fit the species as Scott described them in his monograph (Zona 1990).
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