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Slavery and Its Aftermath: the Archeological and Historical Record at Magnolia Plantation Christina E

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Slavery and Its Aftermath: the Archeological and Historical Record at Magnolia Plantation Christina E Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2004 Slavery and Its Aftermath: The Archeological and Historical Record at Magnolia Plantation Christina E. Miller Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES SLAVERY AND ITS AFTERMATH: THE ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL RECORD AT MAGNOLIA PLANTATION By Christina E. Miller A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2004 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Christina E. Miller defended on June 10, 2004. ____________________________________ Valerie J. Conner Professor Directing Dissertation ____________________________________ Glen H. Doran Outside Committee Member ____________________________________ James P. Jones Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii This doctoral dissertation is dedicated to the following people: my mother Susan Elizabeth Wood, my father David Carruth Miller, my two brothers David Carruth Miller II and Justin James Miller, and my grandparents James Yates and Verl Wood, and Carruth and Junie Bell Miller. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My first and foremost acknowledgements are to Susan Elizabeth Wood, who is both my mother and a colleague. As a mother, she provided moral support, love, and a few threats throughout the writing process. As a colleague, we worked along side one another in the field and in the laboratory. She is responsible for the field drawings, SEAC maps, faunal analysis, and a great deal of the artifact analysis presented in this study. She patiently waded through ledger books, proof read the manuscript on numerous occasions, and made invaluable suggestions. To both my mother and my father, I extend my infinite love, respect, and gratefulness. I hope I have inherited a fraction of their diligence and sense of responsibility. I owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. Bennie C. Keel, a friend and mentor, who first gave me the opportunity to work for the National Park Service. Dr. Keel, as the principal investigator, directed the archeological investigations at Magnolia Plantation and the subsequent laboratory work. Under his guidance, I gained valuable experience that I would not have learned in a classroom. I thank him for patiently reading the manuscript. His insight and extensive knowledge allowed me to produce a better final product. My debt to Dr. Keel is immeasurable. I owe many thanks to Dr. Valerie Jean Conner for accepting me as a student and for her guidance, support, and friendship. I would like to thank Dr. James P. Jones and Gerard Clark for graciously reading the draft and commenting on it. I would also like to acknowledge Dr. Ann Rose. Her valuable research and analysis of the Cane River area and her generosity in sharing information contributed significantly to this study. Her study The Magnolia Plantation Overview was invaluable in presenting the plantation’s historical background in chapter two. The Cane River Creole National Historical Park superintendent and staff were very supportive in my research and generously loaned me documents from the park archival collection. Last but not least I would like to thank Mr. Ambrose and Ms. Betty Hertzog for their kindness and for making maps, photographs, and other historical documents available. They have been generous in sharing their family’s unique history. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures.................................................................................................................. viii Abstract............................................................................................................................ xiii Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Historical and Geographical Context.................................................................................18 The Magnolia General Store..............................................................................................49 The Laborers ......................................................................................................................73 Archeological Field Investigations ..................................................................................111 Artifact Analysis ..............................................................................................................123 Artifact Patterns ...............................................................................................................155 Conclusions......................................................................................................................179 References........................................................................................................................185 Biographical Sketch.........................................................................................................195 v LIST OF TABLES 1. Sample of people in debt to the store in 1883..............................................................60 2. 1883 inventory .............................................................................................................62 3. Medicine available at Magnolia store in 1883.............................................................70 4. 1921 inventory .............................................................................................................71 5. Thanase Bayonne’s purchases for a fifteen month period in 1902-1903.....................99 6. Bose Coleman’s purchases for a fifteen month period in 1902-1903........................102 7. William Cheatham’s purchases for a fifteen month period in 1902-1903.................104 8. Estimated black wages...............................................................................................106 9. Summary of information for Bose Coleman, Thanase Bayonne, and William Cheatham .....................................................................................................109 10. Summary of information for Bose Coleman, Thanase Bayonne, and William Cheatham .....................................................................................................110 11. Cabins excavations, units, and sizes ..........................................................................122 12. Artifacts by analytical group......................................................................................124 13. Food group subgroups ...............................................................................................125 14. Food group by count ..................................................................................................126 15. Food group by weight ................................................................................................127 16. Ceramic types, mean date, count, and weight............................................................132 17. Button materials.........................................................................................................140 18. Clothing group by count ............................................................................................141 19. Clothing group by weight ..........................................................................................141 20. Personal group by count ............................................................................................145 21. Personal group by weight ..........................................................................................146 vi 22. Fauna Group...............................................................................................................151 23. Structure group by count and weight.........................................................................152 24. Agricultural group by count and weight ....................................................................153 25. Miscellaneous group by count and weight.................................................................153 26. Distribution and deposition rates ...............................................................................157 27. Combined counts and weights by group, with percentages.......................................177 vii LIST OF FIGURES 1. Magnolia Plantation map with building legend and park boundary................................2 2. Cane River Creole National Historical Park (CARI) and Cane River Creole National Historical Area.................................................................................................................3 3. Ambrose LeComte.........................................................................................................26 4. Julia Buard LeComte .....................................................................................................27 5. Chart shows steady accumulation of slaves over time...................................................28 6. Walmsley plat, 1858, Magnolia Plantation....................................................................31 7. Close-up of Walmsley plat, 1858, Magnolia Plantation................................................32
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