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Biological Control of Two Ageratina Species (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) in South Africa
Biological control of two Ageratina species (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) in South Africa F. Heystek1*, A.R. Wood2, S. Neser1 & Y. Kistensamy1 1Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, 0121 South Africa 2Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599 South Africa Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. and Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob. (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae), originally from Mexico, are invasive in many countries. These plants produce thousands of wind- and water-dispersed seeds which enable them to spread rapidly and invade stream banks and moist habitats in areas with high rainfall. Two biological control agents, a shoot-galling fly, Procecidochares utilis Stone (Diptera: Tephri- tidae), and a leaf-spot fungus, Passalora ageratinae Crous & A.R. Wood (Mycosphaerellales: Mycosphaerellaceae), were introduced against A. adenophora in South Africa in 1984 and 1987, respectively. Both established but their impact is considered insufficient. Exploratory trips to Mexico between 2007 and 2009 to search for additional agents on A. adenophora produced a gregarious leaf-feeding moth, Lophoceramica sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a stem-boring moth, probably Eugnosta medioxima (Razowski) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a leaf-mining beetle, Pentispa fairmairei (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), and a leaf-rust, Baeodromus eupatorii (Arthur) Arthur (Pucciniales: Pucciniosiraceae) all of which have been subjected to preliminary investigations. Following its success in Hawaii, the white smut fungus, Entyloma ageratinae R.W. Barreto & H.C. Evans (Entylomatales: Entylomataceae), was introduced in 1989 to South Africa against A. riparia. Its impact has not been evaluated since its establishment in 1990 in South Africa. By 2009, however, A. -
"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
Biological Control of Lantana, Prickly Pear, and Hamakua Pamakani Inhawah: a Review and Update
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LANTANA, PRICKLY PEAR, AND HAMAKUA PAMAKANI INHAWAH: A REVIEW AND UPDATE Clifton J. Davis, Ernest Yoshioka, and Dina Kageler ABSTRACT The biological control of noxious weeds in Hawai`i has been carried on intermittently since 1902, when insects and diseases of lantana (Lantana camara) were sought in Mexico by the Territorial Board of Agriculture and Forestry (now Hawai`i Department of Agriculture). This approach was subsequently employed for the control of 20 other noxious weed pests between the 1940s and 1970s. Lantana was the first weed to be controlled by this method in the U.S. Results were very dramatic in some areas of the State, especially after later introductions by Hawai`ian and Australian entomologists resulted in heavy stress on lantana. In addition to lantana, excellent results have been obtained in the biological control of cacti (Opuntia spp.), and Hamakua pamakani (Ageratina riparia). Prior to the introduction of cactus insects in 1949, 66,000 a (26,400 ha) of Parker Ranch range lands on Hawai`i Island were infested with cacti. By 1965, 7,610 a (< 3,080 ha) remained infested, the result of three introduced insects and an accidentally introduced fungus disease; the red-fruited variety of cactus is particularly susceptible to the fungus. A spineless variety of the cactus occurs in the 'Ainahou-Poliokeawe Pali sector of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park, and biocontrol efforts are in progress. With the introduction of insects from Mexico and a foliar fungus disease from Jamaica, Hamakua pamakani is under excellent control on many ranch as well as privately owned and government lands on Hawai`i Island. -
An Annotated Checklist of the Angiospermic Flora of Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 25(2): 187-207, 2018 (December) © 2018 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF RAJKANDI RESERVE FOREST OF MOULVIBAZAR, BANGLADESH 1 2 A.K.M. KAMRUL HAQUE , SALEH AHAMMAD KHAN, SARDER NASIR UDDIN AND SHAYLA SHARMIN SHETU Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh Keywords: Checklist; Angiosperms; Rajkandi Reserve Forest; Moulvibazar. Abstract This study was carried out to provide the baseline data on the composition and distribution of the angiosperms and to assess their current status in Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. The study reports a total of 549 angiosperm species belonging to 123 families, 98 (79.67%) of which consisting of 418 species under 316 genera belong to Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons), and the remaining 25 (20.33%) comprising 132 species of 96 genera to Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Rubiaceae with 30 species is recognized as the largest family in Magnoliopsida followed by Euphorbiaceae with 24 and Fabaceae with 22 species; whereas, in Lilliopsida Poaceae with 32 species is found to be the largest family followed by Cyperaceae and Araceae with 17 and 15 species, respectively. Ficus is found to be the largest genus with 12 species followed by Ipomoea, Cyperus and Dioscorea with five species each. Rajkandi Reserve Forest is dominated by the herbs (284 species) followed by trees (130 species), shrubs (125 species), and lianas (10 species). Woodlands are found to be the most common habitat of angiosperms. A total of 387 species growing in this area are found to be economically useful. 25 species listed in Red Data Book of Bangladesh under different threatened categories are found under Lower Risk (LR) category in this study area. -
Group B: Grasses & Grass-Like Plants
Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Grasses & grass like plants GROUP B: GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS 271 Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Grasses & grass like plants Fig. 25. Cyperus compactus Retz. (a) Habit, (b) spikelet, (c) flower and (d) nut. 272 Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Grasses & grass like plants CYPERACEAE 25 Cyperus compactus Retz. Synonyms : Cyperus dilutus Vahl., Cyperus grabowskianus Bolck., Cyperus luzonensis Llanos, Cyperus septatus Steud., Duraljouvea diluta Palla, Mariscus compactus Boldingh, Mariscus dilutus Nees, Mariscus microcephalus Presl., Sphaeromariscus microcephalus Camus Vernacular name(s) : Prumpungan, Jekeng, Suket (Ind.), Wampi lang (PNG), Baki-baking- pula, Durugi, Giron (Phil.). Description : A robust, perennial herb, 15-120 cm tall. Does not have stolons, and the rhizome is either very short or absent altogether. Stems are bluntly 3-angular, sometimes almost round, smooth, and with a diameter of up to 6 mm. The stem, leaves and sheath have numerous air-chambers. Leaves are 5-12 mm wide, stiff, deeply channelled, and as long as or shorter than the stem. Leaf edges and midrib are coarse towards the end of the leaf. Lower leaves are spongy and reddish-brown. Flowers are terminal and grouped in a large, up to 30 cm diameter umbrella-shaped cluster that has a reddish-brown colour. Large leaflets at the base of the flower cluster are up to 100 cm long. Spikelets (see illustration) are stemless and measure 5-15 by 1-1.5 mm. Ecology : Occurs in a variety of wetlands, including swamps, wet grasslands, coastal marshes, ditches, riverbanks, and occasionally in the landward margin of mangroves. -
Vegetation Succession Along New Roads at Soqotra Island (Yemen): Effects of Invasive Plant Species and Utilization of Selected N
10.2478/jlecol-2014-0003 Journal of Landscape Ecology (2013), Vol: 6 / No. 3. VEGETATION SUCCESSION ALONG NEW ROADS AT SOQOTRA ISLAND (YEMEN): EFFECTS OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES AND UTILIZATION OF SELECTED NATIVE PLANT RESISTENCE AGAINST DISTURBANCE PETR MADĚRA1, PAVEL KOVÁŘ2, JAROSLAV VOJTA2, DANIEL VOLAŘÍK1, LUBOŠ ÚRADNÍČEK1, ALENA SALAŠOVÁ3, JAROSLAV KOBLÍŽEK1 & PETR JELÍNEK1 1Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of the Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Zemědělská 1/1665, 613 00 Brno 2Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 3Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Landscape Planning, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice Received: 13th November 2013, Accepted: 17th December 2013 ABSTRACT The paved (tarmac) roads had been constructed on Soqotra island over the last 15 years. The vegetation along the roads was disturbed and the erosion started immediately after the disturbance caused by the road construction. Our assumption is that biotechnical measurements should prevent the problems caused by erosion and improve stabilization of road edges. The knowledge of plant species which are able to grow in unfavourable conditions along the roads is important for correct selection of plants used for outplanting. The vegetation succession was observed using phytosociological relevés as a tool of recording and mapping assambblages of plants species along the roads as new linear structures in the landscape. Data from phytosociological relevés were analysed and the succession was characterised in different altitudes. The results can help us to select group of plants (especially shrubs and trees), which are suitable to be used as stabilizing green mantle in various site conditions and for different purposes (anti-erosional, ornamental, protection against noise or dust, etc.). -
Jervis Bay Territory Page 1 of 50 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region (Blank), Jervis Bay Territory
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations. -
Minnesota and Federal Prohibited and Noxious Plants List 6-22-2011
Minnesota and Federal Prohibited and Noxious Plants List 6-22-2011 Minnesota and Federal Prohibited and Noxious Plants by Scientific Name (compiled by the Minnesota DNR’s Invasive Species Program 6-22-2011) Key: FN – Federal noxious weed (USDA–Animal Plant Health Inspection Service) SN – State noxious weed (Minnesota Department of Agriculture) RN – Restricted noxious weed (Minnesota Department of Agriculture) PI – Prohibited invasive species (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources) PS – State prohibited weed seed (Minnesota Department of Agriculture) RS – State restricted weed seed (Minnesota Department of Agriculture) (See explanations of these classifications below the lists of species) Regulatory Scientific Name Common Name Classification Aquatic Plants: Azolla pinnata R. Brown mosquito fern, water velvet FN Butomus umbellatus Linnaeus flowering rush PI Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh Mediterranean strain (killer algae) FN Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne Australian stonecrop PI Eichomia azurea (Swartz) Kunth anchored water hyacinth, rooted water FN hyacinth Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle hydrilla FN, PI Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. European frog-bit PI Hygrophila polysperma (Roxburgh) T. Anders Indian swampweed, Miramar weed FN, PI Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal water-spinach, swamp morning-glory FN Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss ex Wagner African oxygen weed FN, PI Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume ambulia FN Lythrum salicaria L., Lythrum virgatum L., (or any purple loosestrife PI, SN variety, hybrid or cultivar thereof) Melaleuca quenquinervia (Cav.) Blake broadleaf paper bank tree FN Monochoria hastata (Linnaeus) Solms-Laubach arrowleaf false pickerelweed FN Monochoria vaginalis (Burman f.) C. Presl heart-shaped false pickerelweed FN Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus Eurasian water mifoil PI Najas minor All. brittle naiad PI Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. -
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants of Namal Valley, Salt Range, Pakistan - 4725
Shah et al.: Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of Namal Valley, Salt Range, Pakistan - 4725 - ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF NAMAL VALLEY, SALT RANGE, PAKISTAN SHAH, A.1* – POUDEL, R. C.2 – ISHTIAQ, M.3 – SARVAT, R.1 – SHAHZAD, H.1 – ABBAS, A.1 – SHOAIB, S.1 – NUZHAT, R.1 – NOOR, U. D.1 – MAHMOODA, H.1 – SUMMAYA, A.1 – IFRA, A.1 – IHSAN, U.1 1Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan 2Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Pātan-44700, Nepal 3Department of Botany, (Bhimber Campus), Mirpur University of Science & Technology Mirpur-10250 (AJK), Pakistan Corresponding author٭ e-mail: [email protected] ; phone: +92-48-923-0811-15 ext. 609 (Received 5th Jan 2019; accepted 26th Feb 2019) Abstract. This paper presents the first quantitative ethnobotanical knowledge and practices of using native plants for different ailments from Namal Valley of Pakistan. Data was gathered by interviewing 350 informants through semi-structured questionnaires. A total of 217 taxa belonging to 166 genera and 70 families were documented. Fabaceae and Asteraceae families were found to be the most cited families (with 19 and 18 species receptively). Herbs represent the most cited life form (71%) and flower was the most widely used part (34.8%) with decoction as main mode of the utilization (41.5%). On the basis of use values, the most commonly used ethnobotanical taxa in the Valley were reported to be Euphorbia heterophylla (0.7) and Merremia dissecta (0.6). The highest RFC value was noted for Aloe vera (0.14) while highest ICF value was estimated for dental problems category (0.7). -
C6 Noncarice Sedge
CYPERACEAE etal Got Sedge? Part Two revised 24 May 2015. Draft from Designs On Nature; Up Your C 25 SEDGES, FOINS COUPANTS, LAÎCHES, ROUCHES, ROUCHETTES, & some mostly wet things in the sedge family. Because Bill Gates has been shown to eat footnotes (burp!, & enjoy it), footnotes are (italicized in the body of the text) for their protection. Someone who can spell caespitose only won way has know imagination. Much of the following is taken verbatim from other works, & often not credited. There is often not a way to paraphrase or rewrite habitat or descriptive information without changing the meaning. I am responsible for any mistakes in quoting or otherwise. This is a learning tool, & a continuation of an idea of my friend & former employer, Jock Ingels, LaFayette Home Nursery, who hoped to present more available information about a plant in one easily accessible place, instead of scattered though numerous sources. This is a work in perpetual progress, a personal learning tool, full uv misstakes, & written as a personal means instead of a public end. Redundant, repetitive, superfluous, & contradictory information is present. It is being consolidated. CYPERACEAE Sauergrasgewächse SEDGES, aka BIESIES, SEGGEN Formally described in 1789 by De Jussieu. The family name is derived from the genus name Cyperus, from the Greek kupeiros, meaning sedge. Many species are grass-like, being tufted, with long, thin, narrow leaves, jointed stems, & branched inflorescence of small flowers, & are horticulturally lumped with grasses as graminoids. Archer (2005) suggests the term graminoid be used for true grasses, & cyperoid be used for sedges. (If physical anthropologists have hominoids & hominids, why don’t we have graminoids & graminids?) There are approximately 104 genera, 4 subfamilies, 14 tribes, & about 5000 species worldwide, with 27 genera & 843 species in North America (Ball et al 2002). -
Hawaii's Implementation Plan for Polluted Runoff Control Page 1-1
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW AND ISLAND ISSUES It has become increasingly clear that surface and groundwater in Hawaii, as well as the rest of the nation, has serious quality problems. It has been nearly thirty years since the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (commonly called the Clean Water Act) was first authorized to start addressing the water quality problems of the Nation. The early focus of the Clean Water Act was to control or reduce “point source” discharges. Point sources are typically end-of-pipe discharges from factories or sewage treatment plants. Hawaii has had its share of point source problems such as sewage treatment plants discharging close to nearshore waters and areas with poor circulation. With increased management and monitoring of point source discharges, water quality did improve locally as well as nationally. Although there has been noted improvement and some waterbodies may be considered excellent in quality, overall water quality can be described in a range of slightly impaired to severely impaired. The reason these waters remain impaired is due to nonpoint source pollution, also known as polluted runoff. Nationally, nonpoint source pollution (NPS) has been recognized as the greatest remaining water quality issue. Hawaii also recognizes that NPS is the greatest threat to water quality in our islands. This recognition comes not only from water quality officials and local scientists but also from the public. The Hawaii Environmental Risk Ranking Project (1994) identified nonpoint source pollution and its impact on stream and coastal water quality as the issue of most concern to communities. Presently there are eighteen waterbodies identified statewide that consistently do not meet state water quality standards due to nonpoint source pollution. -
National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.