Louis T. Klauder and Associates, Northeast Corridor Demonstration Project photographs 2014.258

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Audiovisual Collections PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library Louis T. Klauder and Associates, Northeast Corridor Demonstration Project photographs 2014.258

Table of Contents

Summary Information ...... 3 Historical Note ...... 3 Scope and Content ...... 5 Administrative Information ...... 6 Controlled Access Headings ...... 6 Collection Inventory ...... 6 Aerial photographs ...... 6 Northeast Corridor ...... 6 Excess coverage and spares ...... 10 Train stations exterior photographs ...... 11 Pueblo Army Depot, Colorado ...... 12 Train proposal renderings and airplane press photographs ...... 13

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Summary Information

Repository: Audiovisual Collections Source: LTK Engineering Services Creator: Louis T. Klauder and Associates Title: Louis T. Klauder and Associates, Northeast Corridor Demonstration Project photographs ID: 2014.258 Date [inclusive]: 1951-1970 Date: bulk 1957-1963 Physical Description: 2 Linear Feet General Physical 697 photographic prints : b&w ; 10 x 10 in. 45 photographic Description: prints : b&w ; 8 x 10 in. 1 photographic print : color ; 8 x 10 in. 152 photographic prints : b&w ; 3.5 x 5 in. Language of the English . Material: Abstract: Louis T. Klauder and Associates (LTK) is a professional rail transportation engineering consulting firm. LTK were hired to work as consulting engineers for a joint project of the United States Department of Transportation and Pennsylvania Railroad called the Northeast Corridor Demonstration Project. This collection contains aerial photographs of the Northeast Corridor railroad route from New York to Boston taken between 1951 and 1965. These images were used to aid in the project. These aerial photographs make up a bulk of the collection. There are several sets of images that show train station exteriors along several routes on the Northeast Corridor. Thirty- eight photographs show the projects test track at Pueblo Army Depot in Colorado. There are four press photographs for Inflight Motion Pictures Inc. and a few renderings of proposed trains.

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Historical Note

Louis T. Klauder and Associates (LTK) is a professional rail transportation engineering consulting firm. It was established in Philadelphia in 1921 by Louis Tobias Klauder (1880-1945), a former construction engineer for the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company. After Louis Tobias Klauder's death in 1945, the - Page 3- Louis T. Klauder and Associates, Northeast Corridor Demonstration Project photographs 2014.258 firm was converted from a full proprietorship to a partnership with his son Louis Thornton Klauder (1908-1999) as managing partner. Under his leadership, the firm became internationally known for its consulting work on rail and transit projects.

In 1964, Japan introduced it's first "bullet trains," the New Tokaido Line between Tokyo and Osaka. This prompted an initiative to improve ground transportation in the northeast United States. In September 1965, President Johnson signed the High-Speed Ground Transportation Research and Development Act, which facilitated the development of a high-speed rail corridor from New York to Washington along the existing Northeast Corridor right-of-way. The project was called the Northeast Corridor Demonstration Project and was a joint venture between the United States Department of Transportation and the Pennsylvania Railroad. This program was active between 1966 and 1972, and marked the entry of the U. S. into the era of modern, high-speed rail passenger transportation.

LTK was hired as consulting engineers to prepare estimates, develop specifications, secure bids from contractors, and then oversee implementation of the project as intermediaries between the participating companies (the railroads and equipment manufacturers) and the government administrators. Klauder also helped the U.S. Department of Transportation develop the High Speed Ground Test Center's test track near Pueblo, Colo., on which a variety of rail or tracked vehicles could be tested.

A large portion of the Northeast Corridor was originally built between 1830 and 1917 by two different railroad companies: the Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The New Haven line was not electrified east of New Haven and had many curves as it wound along the . LTK was to determine how to straighten or relocate parts of the line in order for the trains to reach the desired speed.

Longtime rival companies, the Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Central Railroad announced merger plans in November 1957. The merger was approved by stockholders on May 8, 1962, however, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) did not approve the merger until four years later. The merged company officially began on February 1, 1968, as the Penn Central (PC) Railroad. Penn Central was required to absorb the New Haven line in 1969 as a condition of the merger, which brought the entire Washington-Boston corridor under the control of a single company. Penn Central declared bankruptcy on June 21, 1970. Amtrak began operations on May 1, 1971.

During this time of railroad mergers and bankruptcies, a product of the Northeast Corridor Demonstration project was a high-speed train called the Metroliner. After several years of development and prototypes, the Metroliner entered service in 1969, but due to the unreliability of the trains and several technical problems it wanned in usage in the 1980s and did not become the high-speed train solution that it was intended to be. Throughout the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s there were numerous planning studies and government sponsored projects intended to improve railroad transportation.

LTK's involvement in the Northeast Corridor tapered off during the 1980s. Louis T. Klauder and Associates is still a partnership; in 1994 it began doing business under the name of LTK Engineering Services. The firm has relocated its headquarters from Center City Philadelphia to suburban Ambler and maintains several branch officers around the country.

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Scope and Content

This collection contains aerial photographs of the Northeast Corridor railroad route from New York to Boston taken between 1951 and 1965. These images were used to aid in the Northeast Corridor Demonstration project. The aerial photographs are also valuable documentation of the area before mass redevelopment. These aerial photographs make up a bulk of the collection. There are several sets of images that show train station exteriors of several routes along the Northeast Corridor. Thirty- eight photographs show the projects test track at Pueblo Army Depot in Colorado. There are four press photographs for Inflight Motion Pictures Inc. and a few renderings of proposed trains.

This collection is arranged into four series: Series I. Aerial photographs; Series II. Penn Central Railroad stations photographs; Series III. Pueblo Army Depot, Colorado; and Series IV. Train proposal renderings and airplane press photographs. The collection remains in original order, which is organized following the Northeast Corridor route from New York to Boston.

Series I. Aerial photographs is divided into two subseries: the Northeast Corridor and Excess coverage and spares. The aerials from the Northeast Corridor subseries contain images that follow the railway from New York City through and Rhode Island on to Boston. These photographs were not taken by LTK, but rather were supplied to the firm to assist them with their work on the Northeast Corridor Demonstration Project. Major cities and landmarks have been notated and listed for each folder, but the lists are not comprehensive as the aerial photographs cover a wide area. The photographs date from 1951 to 1964.

The Excess coverage spares are aerial photographs, which date from 1951 to 1965 and also cover New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. These aerials contain images that are off-route and cover a wider surrounding area. This subseries also contains duplicates or alternative photographs of on- route images that appear in the first subseries.

Series II.Train stations exterior photographs consists of images of railroad station exteriors along several different branches or lines of the Penn Central Railroad. The stations pictured are from the Chestnut Hill branch, Mainline to Freston, Media line and the Wilmington line. There are also images of railroad station exteriors and train tracks which were taken from onboard a train. The line is unidentified. The photographs were taken in 1965 and 1967. There are also nine rolls of negatives of station exteriors from the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, New York Central, Pennsylvania Railroad, Long Island Railroad, and New Haven Railroad in Boston.

Series III. Pueblo Army Depot, Colorado are photographs from November and December of 1970 that show a test track in construction and use. These images show men working, test trains, railroad equipment and closeups of railroad tracks.

Series IV. Train proposal renderings and airplane press photographs contains three images of proposed trains exteriors and one image of a train interior, which date from 1964 and 1967. There are also four press photographs dated 1964, for Inflight Motion Pictures, these show airplane passengers watching a movie inside an airplane. In 1961, Inflight Motion Pictures, Inc. was established by David Flexer,

- Page 5- Louis T. Klauder and Associates, Northeast Corridor Demonstration Project photographs 2014.258 who engineered an aircraft projection system that adapted a Kodak projection mechanism to fit it into a shallow ceiling area of an aircraft interior.

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Administrative Information

Publication Statement Audiovisual Collections

PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library

Access Restrictions This collection is open for research.

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Controlled Access Headings

• High speed trains • Railroads. • Railroads -- Planning • Aerial photographs • Railroad stations • LTK Engineering Services

Collection Inventory

Aerial photographs, 1951-19651982

Northeast Corridor , 1951-1964

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Title/Description Instances New York: Manhattan, 1961 April1964 September box 1 folder 1 Scope and Contents

Includes FDR Drive, Sutton Place, Midtown, Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, Williamsburg Bridge, Manhattan Bridge, Brooklyn Bridge, Randall's Island, Ward's Island, Harlem River Drive, Riker's Island, Harlem, Upper Manhattan, George Washington Bridge, New York/New Jersey border.

New York: Queens, 1964 September 6 box 1 folder 2 Scope and Contents

Includes Jackson Heights, LaGuardia Airport, Woodside.

New York: Bronx - New Rochelle - Larchmont, 1964 September box 1 folder 3 Scope and Contents

Includes Clason Point, Bronx Zoo, Pelham Gardens, Bronx State Campus, Eastchester, Pelham Bay Park, , , Huckleberry Island, Monroe Inlet, Mamaroneck, Marshlands Conservatory.

New York: Mamaroneck - Rye - Port Chester, 1961 April1963 box 1 folder 4 July 5 Scope and Contents

Includes Connecticut/New York border.

Connecticut: Greenwich, 1963 July 5 box 1 folder 5 Scope and Contents

Includes Belle Haven, Calf Islands, Smith Cove, Greenwich Harbor, Indian Harbor, Cos Cob Harbor, Cos Cob, Riverside, Greenwich Cove, Old Greenwich.

Connecticut: Stamford - Darien - Norwalk, 1963 August 151963 box 1 folder 6 September 30 Scope and Contents

Includes Holly Pond, Westcott Cove, Wee Burn Country Club, Country Club of Darien, Norwalk Community College, Keyser Point, Calf Pasture Beach, Veterans Park, Oyster Shell Park, Peach Island, Norwalk River.

Connecticut: Westport, 1963 July 3 box 1 folder 7

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Scope and Contents

Includes Burnitt Cove, Compo Beach and Yacht Club, Saugatuck River Bridge, Sprite Island, Cockenoe Island, Bermuda Lagoon, Cedar Point, Bluff Point, Sherwood Point, Sherwood Island State Park, Compo Cove, Green Acre Lake, Deadman Brook

Connecticut: Fairfield - Bridgeport - Stratford, 1963 July1963 box 1 folder 8 August Scope and Contents

Includes Frost Point, Sasco Brook, Kensie Point, Mill River, Southport Harbor, Pine Creek, Shoal Point, Penfield Reef, Jennings Beach, Black Rock, Samp Mortar Reservoir, University of Bridgeport, Long Beach Point, Mather Point, Bunnells Pond, Success Lake, Igor Sikorsky Memorial Airport, Great Meadows Marsh, , Roosevelt Forest, Mill River Country Club.

Connecticut: Stratford - Millford - Orange - West Haven, 1963 box 1 folder 9 July 3 Scope and Contents

Includes Igor Sikorsky Memorial Airport, Charles E. Wheeler Wildlife Area, , Devon, Walnut Beach, Popes Island, Long Island, , Milford Harbor, Boston Post Road, Silver Sands State Park, Welches Point Park, Indian Lake, Eisenhower Park, Red Root Park, , Oyster River, Cove River, Phipps Lake, Yale University West Campus, The Course at Yale, Maltby Lakes.

Connecticut: New Have - Hamden - East Haven - North Haven - box 1 folder 10 Branford, 1963 July Scope and Contents

Includes Fort Hale Point, Shag Bar, Morris Cove, Long Wharf Nature Preserve, Morris Creek Nature Preserve, Old Head Reef, Lake Whitney, , Dragon Point, Quinnipiac River Marsh Wildlife Area, Shepard Brook, Sleeping Giant State Park, Fair Haven, Lake Saltonstall, Tweed New Haven Regional Airport, Kelsey Island, Darrow Rocks, Horton Point.

Connecticut: Branford - Guilford, 1963 July 6 box 1 folder 11 Scope and Contents

Includes Branford Preserve, Pawson Park Marsh Wildlife Area, St. , Pisgah Brook, Washburn Preserve, Reed Preserve, Youngs Pond Park, island chain down to Outer Island, Bloody Cove, Goose Rock Shoals, Chimney Corner Reef, Hoadley Creek, Little Harbor,

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Enders Pond, Guilford High School, Horse Island, Beattie Pond, East River, Goulds Pond.

Connecticut: Madison - north Clinton, 1963 July 6 box 1 folder 12 Scope and Contents

Includes Smith Bay, Tuxis Pond, Fence Creek, Horse Pond, River Dale Farm Campsite, Connecticut Turnpike, Hammonasset Park, Hummers Pond.

Connecticut: Clinton - Westbrook - Old Saybrook - Old Lyme, box 1 folder 13 1960 May1960 October1963 September1963 October Scope and Contents

Includes Hammonassett Beach State Park, McKinney National Wildlife Area, Duck Island Roads, North Cove, South Cove, Calves Island, , .

Connecticut: Niantic - Waterford, 1963 September 2 box 1 folder 14 Scope and Contents

Includes East Lyme, McCook Point Park, Niantic Bay, Niantic River, Latimer Brook, Old Mill Brook, Cranberry Pond, Jordan River, Fox Island, Seaside Point.

Connecticut: Waterford - New London - Groton, 1963 box 1 folder 15 September 2 Scope and Contents

Includes Goshen Point, New London Harbor, Thames River, Conning Towers Nautilus Park, Eastern Point, Pine Island, Groton New London Airport, Bluff Point State Park

Connecticut: Noank - Mystic - Stornington - Pawacatuck box 2 folder 1 - Rhode Island border - Westerly, Rhode Island, 1963 September1963 October Scope and Contents

Includes Beebe Pond Park, Mason's Island, Peace Nature Sanctuary, Knox Preserve, Mystic Reservoir, Barn Island Wildlife Area, Napatree Point, Pawacatuck River, Thompson Cove.

Rhode Island: North Kingstown - East Greenwich - Greenwich - box 2 folder 2 Warwick - Norwood, 1963 September 2

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Scope and Contents

Includes Davisville, Quonset State Airport, Greenwich Cove, Chepiwanoxet Island, Greenwich Bay, Apponaug Cove, T.F. Green Airport, Posneganset Pond.

Rhode Island: Cranston - Providence, 1963 September box 2 folder 3 Scope and Contents

Includes Pawtuxet River, Belmont Park, Roger Williams State Park, Lower South Providence, West End Providence, Elmwood, Downtown Providence, Federal Hill, College Hill, East Providence, Blackstone, Seehonk River, Rumford, Rhode Island/Massachusetts border

Massachusetts: Attleboro - Mansfield - Foxborough, 1951 box 2 folder 4 October 201961 April 27 Scope and Contents

Includes Rhode Island: Pawtucket, Slater Park, Massachusetts: Seehonk, Ten Mile River Reservoir, Dodgeville Pond, Bungay Park, Nickerson Walking Woods Preserve, Great Woods Conservation Area, Fulton Pond, Kingman Pond, Rumford River, Glue Factory Pond, Beaumont Pond, County Street Area, Canoe River Wilderness Area.

Massachusetts: Sharon - Canton - Westwood, 1957 April1957 box 2 folder 5 May1961 April Scope and Contents

Includes Nepsonset Reservoir, Mass Audubon's Moose Hill Wildlife Sanctuary, Lake Massapoag, Easton, Cedar Swamp Wetlands, Sawmill Pond, Norwood Memorial Airport.

Massachusetts: Dedham - Hyde Park - Roslindale - Jamaica box 2 folder 6 Plain - Brookline - Boston, 1952 August 241957 April 22 Scope and Contents

Includes Readville, Sprague Pond, Neponset River Reservation, Forest Hills, Woodbourne, Mission Hill, Brookline Reservoir, Charles River Basin, South End, North End, West End, East Boston, Boston Harbor.

Excess coverage and spares, 1951-1965 Title/Description Instances New York: New York City, 1960 October1961 April1963 July box 2 folder 7 1964 September

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Scope and Contents

Includes expanded coverage of Manhattan.

Connecticut: side coverage along shoreline, 1963 box 2 folder 8 September1963 October

Connecticut: between Darien and Clinton, 1963 July 3 box 2 folder 9

Connecticut: Meriden - New Britain - Hartford - East Hartford - box 2 folder 10 Manchester - Bolton, 1957 May1957 September

Connecticut: Windham - Williamantic, 1963 October1963 box 3 folder 1 November

Connecticut: Willimantic - Lebanon - Griswold - Plainsfield box 3 folder 2 - Canterbury - Coventry - Vernon, 1957 September 281963 November 13

Connecticut: Scotland - Windham - Mansfield - Coventry - box 3 folder 3 Andover - Columbia, 1963 October

Connecticut: New Haven Mainline, 1963 September1963 box 3 folder 4 October

Rhode Island: Charlestown - Bradford - Westerly - Hopkinton, box 3 folder 5 1963 September 2

Rhode Island: Mansfield, 1957 May1961 April box 3 folder 6

Rhode Island and Massachusetts, 1951October1963 box 3 folder 7 September1963 October Scope and Contents

Shows alternate route for the Northeast Corridor from Pawtucket through Rumford to Attleboro.

Massachusetts: New Haven Branch line in north Attleboro, 1951 box 3 folder 8 October 20

Massachusetts: Boston area, 1952 August1952 September box 3 folder 9

Invoices and notes, 1965undated box 4 folder 11

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Train stations exterior photographs, 19651967 Title/Description Instances Penn Central Railroad, Chestnut Hill branch, 1967 box 4 folder 1

Penn Central Railroad, Chestnut Hill branch, 1967 box 5 folder 1

Penn Central Railroad, Mainline to Trenton, circa 1967 box 4 folder 2

Penn Central Railroad, Mainline to Trenton, circa 1967 box 5 folder 2

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Penn Central Railroad, Media line, Wilmington, circa 1967 box 4 folder 3

Penn Central Railroad, Media line, Wilmington, circa 1967 box 5 folder 3

Penn Central Railroad, Wilmington, circa 1967 box 4 folder 4

Penn Central Railroad, Wilmington, circa 1967 box 5 folder 4

Station exteriors and tracks taken from onboard a train, 1965 May box 4 folder 5 Scope and Content

Unidentified branch.

New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, 1965 April 13-1965 box 6 item 1 April 14 Scope and Content

Station exteriors, west from Mystic to Pawcatuck.

New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, New York Central box 6 item 2 Railroad, and Long Island Railroad, 1965 April 15-1965 April 16 Scope and Content

Train station exteriors. Providence to Branford. Harlem River to Park Avenue. Sunnyside.

Long Island Railroad, Pennsylvania Railroad, 1965 April 15 box 6 item 3 Scope and Content

Train station exteriors. Sunnyside Yard, Long Island City.

New Haven Railroad, undated box 6 item 4 Scope and Content

Train station exteriors, Boston area.

New Haven Railroad, undated box 6 item 7 Scope and Content

Unidentified station exteriors.

Boston , undated box 6 item 8-9 Scope and Content

Train station exteriors, Back Bay to Jo.

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Pueblo Army Depot, Colorado, 1970 - Page 12- Louis T. Klauder and Associates, Northeast Corridor Demonstration Project photographs 2014.258

Title/Description Instances The approach track to the LIM test track, 1970 November 3 box 4 folder 6

Test track, 1970 November 25 box 4 folder 7

Test track, 1970 December box 4 folder 8

Test track, 1970 Decemberundated box 5 folder 5

Test track, elevated skokie swift, undated box 5 folder 6

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Train proposal renderings and airplane press photographs, 19641967 Title/Description Instances Inflight Motion Pictures, 1964 box 4 folder 9

Train exteriors and interior renderings, 19641967undated box 4 folder 10

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