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Revision of the Stratigraphy of the Toyora and Toyonishi Groups in the Ouchi-Kikugawa Area, Yamaguchi Prefecture, West Japan

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Revision of the Stratigraphy of the Toyora and Toyonishi Groups in the Ouchi-Kikugawa Area, Yamaguchi Prefecture, West Japan Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, Vol. 111, No. 7, p.389－403, July 2005 Revision of the stratigraphy of the Toyora and Toyonishi Groups in the Ouchi-Kikugawa area, Yamaguchi Prefecture, west Japan Abstract Toshihiro Yamada＊ and The stratigraphy of the Toyora（Lower to Middle Jurassic）and Toyo- nishi Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Groups in the Ouchi-Kiku- Terufumi Ohno＊＊ （ ） gawa area, south of the Tabe Fault, in the western part of Yama- guchi Prefecture is revised. The revised succession is, in ascending Recived August 26, 2004 order, the Higashinagano, Nishinakayama and Utano Formations in the Accepted May 11, 2005 ＊ Department of Geology and Paleontology, Toyora Group, the Kiyosue and Yoshimo Formation in the Toyonishi National Science Museum, 3-23-1 Hyakunincho, Group. The Kiyosue Formation is further subdivided into the Nakao Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan Siltstone and Nanami Sandstone Members. The Utano Formation has ＊＊ The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto Universi- been thought to be marine in the type Toyora area, while non-marine in ty, Kyoto 606-8317, Japan the studied area. However, marine facies, characteristic in the Utano Formation, is ascertained in the formation hitherto classified as the Corresponding author; T.Yamada, ptilo@ “Nishinakayama Formation”in the studied Ouchi-Kikugawa area. The mb.infoweb.ne.jp deposits referred to the non-marine sequence of the“Utano Forma- tion”by previous authors are re-classified into the Nakao Siltstone Member of the Kiyosue Formation. Newly established stratigraphy suggests that the age of the so-called “Utano flora”, reported from the Kiyosue Formation as well as the “Kiyosue flora”, of the studied area is younger than Bathonian, con- trarily to the previous age assignment older than Bathonian. The rela- tionship of these two florae should be explored in the future. Key words: Ouchi-Kikugawa area, Kiyosue flora, Toyonishi Group, Toyora Group, Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous, Utano flora, Yamaguchi Pref. bachian to Toarcian）and the Utano（Toarcian to Batho- Introduction nian）Formations in ascending order（Kobayashi, 1926; The Jurassic-Cretaceous sediments are distributed in Matsumoto and Ono, 1947; Takahasi et al., 1966; Hirano, the western part of the Yamaguchi Prefecture（formerly 1971, 1973a, b）. The geological age of these formations called the Nagato Province, as seen in old papers）. The are well established by the fossil ammonoids contained sediments are classified generally into three groups; Toyo- （Hirano, 1971, 1973a, b）. ra（Lower to Middle Jurassic）, Toyonishi（Upper Jurassic In the studied Ouchi-Kikugawa area, described herein, to Lower Cretaceous）and Kwanmon（Lower Cretaceous） the Toyora and overlying Toyonishi Groups are distri- Groups in ascending order（e.g., Yabe, 1920; Kobayashi, buted. The latter group consists of the Kiyosue（lower） 1926; Matsumoto, 1949; Hase, 1960; Takahasi et al., and the Yoshimo（upper）Formations. The type area of 1965,1966）. These groups are distributed in two separate the Kiyosue Formation was designated in this area（Oishi, areas, with NW-SE striking Tabe Fault between them 1933; Matsumoto, 1949; Hase, 1960）. （Kobayashi, 1936）; the northern area（type area of the However, the correlation of the succession in the type Toyora Group）and the southern area（the Tabe Basin area of the Toyora Group（northern part）and that in the including present studied Ouchi-Kikugawa area）（Fig. 1）. Ouchi-Kikugawa area（southern part）is controversial The Toyora Group has its stratotype in the northern according to previous authors（see Fig. 2）. The sedimen- area as mentioned above. The group in the type area has tary environments of the Toyora Group have been inter- been studied by many authors since Yokoyama's（1904） preted as changing gradually southwards from offshore to first report of ammonites（e.g., Yabe, 1920; Kobayashi, deltaic by many authors. In particular, its upper part, the 1926; Matsumoto and Ono, 1947; Hase, 1960; Takahasi et Utano Formation, was thought to be entirely non-marine al., 1966; Hirano, 1971, 1973a, b）. The Group is further in the Ouchi-Kikugawa area（Kobayashi, 1926, 1931; Mat- divided into three formations; the Higashinagano（Sine- sumoto, 1949; Hase, 1960; Takahasi et al., 1965）. Oishi murian to Pliensbachian）, the Nishinakayama（Pliens- （1933, 1940）, however, classified these non-marine beds CThe Geological Society of Japan 2005 389 390 T. Yamada and T. Ohno 2005―7 Fig. 1. Index map showing the study area and type area of the Toyora Group（based on Takahasi et al., 1965, 1966; Hirano, 1971）. These two areas are separated by the Tabe Fault with a NW-SE strike. into one single entity, under the name of the Kiyosue 1986; Kimura and Ohana, 1987a, b）, while late Jurassic to Plant Beds, although he neither presented any detailed Early Cretaceous if the bed is judged to belong to the lithological description nor its geographical distribution. Kiyosue Formation（Oishi, 1933, 1940）. Thus, this controversy seems to have resulted from the In this condition, the re-examination of the plant-bear- different interpretation of the sedimentary environments ing stratigraphic horizons in the Ouchi-Kikugawa area is of the Utano Formation. strongly needed, as the basin plays an important role for The above-mentioned non-marine beds contain abun- deciphering the floristic and phytogeographic problems dant plant fossils（Oishi, 1933, 1940; Takahasi, 1959; in East Asia during the early Jurassic to earliest Creta- Takahasi et al., 1965; Kimura et al., 1986; Kimura and ceous time period（Kimura, 1987, 1988）. Ohana, 1987a, b）. The age of these plant fossils is decid- Recently, new exposures became available for the geo- ed on the basis of the geologic age of the contained beds; logical survey, as the result of the construction of a new Middle Jurassic if the beds belong to the Utano Forma- road from Shimonoseki to Kikugawa. We have had the tion（Takahasi, 1959; Takahasi et al., 1965; Kimura et al., opportunity to re-examine the stratigraphy in the Ouchi- Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan 111（ 7 ） The Mesozoic in the Ouchi-Kikugawa area 391 Fig. 2. Comparison of the stratigraphic scheme proposed in this study to those of previous studies. *Kobayashi's study（1926）referred to this as the“Nanami Group”. Kikugawa area, which covers the parts of Shimonoseki （1）Higashinagano Formation［Kobayashi, 1926］ City and Kikugawa Town（Figs. 1, 3）. Our study focused Type locality: Higashinagano, Toyota Town. on two points: to determine the lithological facies of the Lithology in Ouchi-Kikugawa area: In the studied Utano Formation（presence or absence of the marine Ouchi-Kikugawa area, the Higashinagano Formation is in facies）and to position the horizons of the plant-bearing fault contact with the basement rocks（Loc. 209 in Fig. 3; beds in the newly established successions. Kamiozuki Fault: Takahasi et al., 1965）. This formation consists mainly of alternating mudstone and fine-grained Stratigraphy sandstone beds. The granule- to pebble-graveled con- The Mesozoic strata exposed in the Ouchi-Kinugawa glomerate beds are intercalated in the upper part. The area（Figs. 1, 3）can be classified into the Jurassic Toyora thickness is 350 to 900 m. The lithofacies show gradual Group and the Jurassic to Cretaceous Toyonishi Group lateral variation, i.e., the sandstone beds become thicker （Figs. 4－6）. The Lower Cretaceous Kwanmon Group lies and more frequently intercalated within the mudstone unconformably on the Toyonishi Group in the northwest- beds towards north. Mudstone beds become dominant ern corner of this area（Hase, 1960; Figs. 4－6）. The Toy- towards the top of the formation. Mudstone beds are less ora Group is in fault contact with the Permian Toyohi- frequent and conglomerate beds are not observed in the gashi Group at Loc. 209 in Kamiozuki（Fig. 3; Takahasi et type area（Hirano, 1971）. Although the basal conglomer- al., 1965）. This group is the basement of the Mesozoic ate（Nbc in the type area（Hirano, 1971）; see Fig. 2）is strata and is composed of hornfelsized sandstone and lacking in the studied Ouchi-Kikugawa area, the uncon- mudstone. The Mesozoic strata strike mostly in NE-SW formable relation between the Higashinagano Formation direction and dip toward the NW direction, except in the and the basement rock is observable at Shimoohno, east area of Takaji Pass and Imou, where the Mesozoic strata of the present area（Takahasi et al., 1965; Fig. 1）. are folded and cut by some faults and the strike of the This formation is composed, in the Kamiozuki and beds is predominantly in NW-SE direction（Fig. 4）. These Ipponmatsu areas, of gray to black, massive or hummocky Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata are intruded by middle to cross-stratified fine-grained sandstone and weakly bio- late Cretaceous granitic rocks（Iizumi et al., 1985）at turbated sandy siltstone. It is subdivided into two parts Imou and Yamane. according to the quantity of sandstone beds: the lower 1．Toyora Group［Kobayashi, 1926］ part（ca. 350 m thick）composed of sandstone beds（2 to The type section of the Toyora Group is in Toyota and 20 m thick）intercalating the sandy siltstone beds（30 to Kikugawa Towns, in the northeast of the Tabe Fault（Fig. 50 cm thick）and the upper part（ca. 250 m thick）of 1）. It is characterized by mudstone irregularly interbed- alternating mudstone and sandstone beds of almost the ded with sandstone beds of marine origin. This group is equal thickness（20 to 30 cm）. A very thick（ca. 40 m） divided into the Higashinagano, Nishinakayama and Utano conglomerate bed, comprising subrounded pebbles of Formations in ascending order. chert, phyllite and siliceous rock, is locally intercalated 392 T. Yamada and T. Ohno 2005―7 Fig. 3. Locality map of the study area. Plant fossil localities of previous studies（Takahasi et al., 1965; Kimura et al., 1986; Kimura and Ohara, 1987a, b）are boxed.
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