DOCSLIB.ORG

Long Range Plan for the Klamath River Basin Conservation Area Fishery Restoration Program

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Long Range Plan for the Klamath River Basin Conservation Area Fishery Restoration Program Long Range Plan For The Klamath River Basin Conservation Area Fishery Restoration Program Prepared by the Klamath River Basin Fisheries Task Force with assistance from William M. Kier Associates January 1991 Cover: Mouth of the Klamath River at Requa, California LONG RANGE PLAN FOR THE KLAMATH RIVER BASIN CONSERVATION AREA FISHERY RESTORATION PROGRAM PREPARED BY THE KLAMATH RIVER BASIN FISHERIES TASK FORCE WITH ASSISTANCE FROM William M. Kier Associates January 1991 KLAMATH RIVER BASIN FISHERIES TASK FORCE 1991 MEMBERSHIP MEMBER REPRESENTING Nathaniel Bingham Commercial Salmon Fishing Industry Don DeVol Del Norte County Mitch Farro Humboldt County E.G. Fullerton National Marine Fisheries Service Leaf Hillman Karuk Tribe Barbara Holder U.S. Department of Agriculture Walter Lara, Jr. Yurok Tribe Melvyn W. Odemar California Department of Fish and Game Michael Orcutt Hoopa Indian Tribe William F. Shake - Chair U.S. Department of the Interior Dr. H. D. Sumner In-River Sport Fishing Community George Thackeray Siskiyou County Arnold Whitridge Trinity County Keith Wilkinson Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE KLAMATH RIVER FISHERY RESOURCE OFFICE Ron Iverson, Ph.D. Project Leader Doug Alcorn Senior Scientist Tricia Whitehouse Interpretive Specialist Lila Coburn Cooperative Agreements Specialist Harleigh Calame Clerk WILLIAM M. KIER ASSOCIATES William M. Kier Project Director Sub-contractors Sari Sommarstrom, Ph.D. Resource Planner Patrick Higgins Fisheries Scientist Scott Downie Stream Restoration Specialist Andrew Kier Fisheries Habitat Specialist Philip A. Meyer Resource Economist Terrance Brown Tribal Resource Specialist For copies of this plan or for additional information, contact: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Klamath River Fishery Resource Office P.O. Box 1006 Yreka, California 96097 Phone: (916) 842-5763 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE KLAMATH ACT Public Law 99-552, the "Klamath Act," was adopted by the Congress on October 27, 1986 for the purpose of authorizing a 20-year-long Federal-State cooperative Klamath River Basin Conservation Area Restoration Program for the rebuilding of the river's fish resources. Congress observed correctly that "floods, the construction and operation of dams, diversions and hydroelectric projects, past mining, timber harvest practices, and roadbuilding have all contributed to sedimentation, reduced flows, and degraded water quality which has significantly reduced the anadromous fish habitat in the Klamath-Trinity River system." The Act creates a 14-member Klamath River Basin Fisheries Task Force and directs the U.S. Secretary of Interior to cooperate with the Task Force in the creation and implementation of a "Klamath River Basin Conservation Area Fishery Restoration Program." The Task Force members are appointed by, and represent, the Governors of California and Oregon; the U.S. Secretaries of Interior, Commerce and Agriculture; the California counties of Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou and Trinity; Hoopa Valley, Karuk and Yurok Indian tribal fishers; anglers and commercial fishermen. The Act also creates an 11-member Klamath Fishery Management Council to "establish a comprehensive long-term plan and policy ... for the management of the in- river and ocean harvesting that affects or may affect Klamath and Trinity River basin anadromous fish populations." The Council is comprised of essentially the same interests as the Task Force, except for those four Basin counties which hold seats only on the Task Force. CALIFORNIA'S NEW ANADROMOUS FISHERIES PROGRAM Like Congress, the California Legislature has recently expressed its concern over the continued decline of the state's native salmon, steelhead and other anadromous fish resources. In a 1988 urgency act, Senate Bill 2261, the Legislature directed the Department of Fish and Game to draw up basin-by-basin plans for the conservation and restoration of the state's remaining anadromous fish. The long-range plan presented here is intended to fulfill the planning requirements, for the Klamath River Basin, of the new statewide anadromous fisheries program. ANADROMOUS FISH OF THE KLAMATH RIVER BASIN ARE VALUABLE The Klamath Act declares that the Basin's streams "provide fishery resources necessary for Indian subsistence and ceremonial purposes, ocean commercial harvest, recreational fishing, and the economic health of many local communities." The proof of this statement is the substantial reliance on Klamath River fish and fishing by the Hoopa Valley, Karuk and Yurok Indian tribes, commercial salmon fishermen from both California and Oregon, and the visitors and fishermen-serving businesses throughout the vast Klamath region. A financial analysis of the prospective Restoration Program was performed as part of this long-range plan. The analysis, which appears as an appendix to the plan, was based on values recently developed by the State of California's Advisory Committee on Salmon and Steelhead. Those same values provided the economic basis of the State's new SB-2261 fisheries program. Both the financial analysis and the earlier Advisory Committee economic study point up one characteristic of fishery restoration efforts that is especially important to rural areas of underemployment like northwestern California and southern Oregon: fishing brings new money into such areas and that money remains in the region, moving from fishermen to small businesses to their workers, longer than for most resource- based activities. Even modest improvements to fish populations during the early stages of the Klamath Restoration Program will bring significant benefits to the very communities for which Congress expressed its concern. THIS PLAN AND THE ONE BEFORE IT The U.S. Department of Interior completed a "Klamath River Basin Fisheries Resource Plan" in 1985. It was that plan that Congress had before it when it discussed the proposal that became the Klamath Act. The 1985 plan covered the entire California portion of the Klamath River watershed, including its main tributary, the Trinity River. Recognizing that the Trinity River Fish and Wildlife Management Program was well- launched, Congress deleted Trinity restoration from the proposed Klamath Task Force's duties. When it was organized in July, 1987, the Klamath Task Force recognized the need to update the information presented in the 1985 plan and, considering the deletion of the Trinity, to review the earlier plan's restoration approach. This long-range plan is the result of that review. HOW THIS PLAN WAS DEVELOPED Public involvement was emphasized in the development of this plan. The Task Force held public "scoping" meetings in Eureka and Yreka, California, and Klamath Falls, Oregon attended by more than 200 interested citizens who came forward to share some 700 suggestions, expressions of concern, need and so forth. Copies of a draft plan were mailed in June, 1990 to 100 State, Federal, and local government agencies and public interest groups for their review and comment. Copies of the draft were placed, as well, in 30 libraries and other public places in California and Oregon, and public meetings to review the draft were held in a half-dozen communities throughout the Basin in late summer, 1990. Other anadromous fishery restoration programs in Canada, Washington, Oregon and elsewhere in California were reviewed in a search for good models of science, management and public participation. With the help of an inventory of fishery and stream restoration projects undertaken in the Klamath Basin in recent decades prepared by the Task Force's team of technical advisors, the planning team made field inspections of nearly 400 instream work sites involving fishways, barrier removals, bank stabilization, log and boulder weirs, spawning channels, and fish rearing facilities. Throughout the planning process emphasis was given to writing, discussing and refining clear statements of the Task Force's goals, objectives, and policies for the Restoration Program. The goals are presented in the plan's opening chapter; the objectives, policies and, in some instances, project priorities, are presented at the end of each principal chapter discussion (for example, Chapter 3, Habitat Restoration); and, finally, all are gathered into a "step-down" structure in which they may be maintained, amended and easily updated. The step-down structure is found at the end of the concluding chapter. THE DIRECTIONS THIS PLAN TAKES This long-range plan for the Klamath Restoration Program not only updates the 1985 plan, it virtually replaces it by redirecting its principal thrusts. Overall, this plan: Emphasizes the need for both fish habitat protection and fish habitat restoration from a total watershed, not simply an in stream, perspective. Recognizes that instream structural treatments (which are a major feature of the 1985 plan) improve fish habitat in specific, necessarily limited ways, and that they are not a cure-all for the underlying causes of fish habitat degradation. Recognizes that the success of the Restoration Program will depend largely on the ability to the Task Force to secure the support and good will of the Basin's landowners and water users. Stresses the importance of education and public information in promoting public understanding of, and sustained support for, the Restoration Program. Calls for ongoing assessments of stream habitat and fish populations necessary to gauge the Program's effectiveness and to make timely adjustments in its investment priorities. Argues that each distinct population group of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scott River Watershed Council, Scott
    NORTH COAST RESOURCE PARTNERSHIP 2018/19 IRWM Project Application The North Coast Resource Partnership (NCRP) 2018/19 Project Application Instructions and additional information can be found at the NCRP 2018/19 Project Solicitation webpage (https://northcoastresourcepartnership.org/proposition‐1‐irwm‐round‐1‐implementation‐funding‐solicitation/). Please fill out grey text boxes and select all the check boxes that apply to the project. Application responses should be clear, brief and succinct. Project Applications will be accepted until 5:00 pm, March 8, 2019 March 15, 2019. It is important to save the application file with a distinct file name that references the project name. When the application is complete, please email to [email protected] If you have questions, need additional information or proposal development assistance please contact: Katherine Gledhill at [email protected] or 707.795.1235 Tribal Projects: Sherri Norris, NCRP Tribal Coordinator at [email protected] or 510.848.2043 Project Name: A. ORGANIZATION INFORMATION 1. Organization Name: Scott River Watershed Council 2. Contact Name/Title Name: Betsy Stapleton Title: Board Chair Email: [email protected] Phone Number (include area code): 707‐499‐7082 3. Organization Address (City, County, State, Zip Code): 514 N Highway 3, Etna Ca. 96027 Mailing: PO Box 355, Etna, Ca. 96027 4. Organization Type Public agency North Coast Resource Partnership 2018/19 Project Application 1 Non‐profit organization Public utility Federally recognized Indian Tribe California State Indian Tribe listed on the Native American Heritage Commission’s California Tribal Consultation List Mutual water company Other: 5. Authorized Representative (if different from the contact name) Name: Charnna Gilmore Title: Execuative Director Email: [email protected] Phone Number (include area code): 530‐598‐2733 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Happy Camp and Oak Knoll 2018 120318
    KLAMATH NATIONAL FOREST RANGER DISTRICT SPECIFIC CUTTING CONDITIONS For woodcutting in Happy Camp, Oak Knoll, Salmon River, and Scott River listen to the West Zone KLAMATH NATIONAL FOREST OFFICES PERSONAL USE FIREWOOD CONDITIONS danger rating. For the Goosenest, listen to the East Zone. In addition to the Forest-Wide Personal Use Firewood Conditions, the following applies to woodcut- Ranger District and Supervisors Office hours are 8:00 AM - 4:30 PM. United States Department of Agriculture This map, together with the Motor Vehicle Use Map (MVUM), and fuelwood tags are ting on specific Districts of the Klamath National Forest. Woodcutters shall have an USDA, Forest Service approved spark arrester on the chainsaw and fire Forest Service a part of your woodcutting permit and must be in your possession while cutting, HAPPY CAMP extinguisher or a serviceable shovel not less than 46 inches in length within 25 feet of woodcutting area. Forest Supervisor's Office Happy Camp Ranger District gathering, and transporting your wood. 1711 South Main St. 63822 Highway 96 A. Within areas designated for General Firewood Cutting: Check woodcutting site for any smoldering fire and extinguish before leaving. Yreka, CA 96097 Happy Camp, CA 96039 In order to get the most out of your woodcutting trip, it is important that you review 1. Standing dead hardwoods and conifers may be cut. and become familiar with the terms of your Permit prior to cutting. If you have ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS: (530) 842-6131 (530) 493-2243 2. Standing live hardwoods may be cut. (TDD) (530) 841-4573 (TDD) (530) 493-1777 questions about any terms or conditions, please contact the District you plan to visit.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Temperatures in the South Fork Trinity River Watershed in Northern California
    Water Temperatures in the South Fork Trinity River Watershed in Northern California PREPARED FOR: The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board for their consideration during the development of the South Fork Trinity River TMDL. PREPARED BY: Stuart Farber Timber Products Company Mt. Shasta, California Darrel Rankin USFS - Shasta Trinity National Forest Redding, California Tim Viel Natural Resource Conservation Service Weaverville, California October 1, 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 3 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .................................................................................................. 5 2.1 GEOGRAPHIC RANGE ................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................ 5 2.3 CLIMATE ................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 LANDSCAPE VEGETATION ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliography of Klamath Mountains Geology, California and Oregon
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY A bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology, California and Oregon, listing authors from Aalto to Zucca for the years 1849 to mid-1995 Compiled by William P. Irwin Menlo Park, California Open-File Report 95-558 1995 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. PREFACE This bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology was begun, although not in a systematic or comprehensive way, when, in 1953, I was assigned the task of preparing a report on the geology and mineral resources of the drainage basins of the Trinity, Klamath, and Eel Rivers in northwestern California. During the following 40 or more years, I maintained an active interest in the Klamath Mountains region and continued to collect bibliographic references to the various reports and maps of Klamath geology that came to my attention. When I retired in 1989 and became a Geologist Emeritus with the Geological Survey, I had a large amount of bibliographic material in my files. Believing that a comprehensive bibliography of a region is a valuable research tool, I have expended substantial effort to make this bibliography of the Klamath Mountains as complete as is reasonably feasible. My aim was to include all published reports and maps that pertain primarily to the Klamath Mountains, as well as all pertinent doctoral and master's theses.
    [Show full text]
  • Final CESA NC Summer Steelhead Petition
    FRIENDS OF THE EEL RIVER Working for the recovery of our Wild & Scenic River, its fisheries and communities. Friday, September 28, 2018 California Fish and Game Commission P.O. Box 944209 Sacramento, CA 94244-2090 Dear Commissioners, This is a petition to list Northern California summer steelhead under the California Endangered Species Act, (CESA, FGC § 2050 et seq.), as an endangered species. Under CESA, “Endangered species” means a native species or subspecies of a bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile, or plant which is in serious danger of becoming extinct throughout all, or a significant portion, of its range due to one or more causes, including loss of habitat, change in habitat, overexploitation, predation, competition, or disease. (F&GC § 2062) Northern California summer steelhead (NC summer steelhead) are a native subspecies of fish in serious danger of becoming extinct throughout all of its range due to causes including loss of habitat and change in habitat. These extraordinary fish are superlative in many ways. They include the largest adult steelhead, as well as fish capable of handling the highest water velocities and of jumping the highest barriers of any salmonids. NC summer steelhead include the southernmost summer steelhead. They are able to tolerate water temperatures higher than any other anadromous salmonids. In their recent comprehensive review of the status and threats to salmonids in California, Moyle et al assessed the status of NC summer steelhead as being of Critical Concern, with a Status Score of 1.9 out of 5.0: Northern California (NC) summer steelhead are in long-term decline and this trend will continue without substantial human intervention on a broad scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Allocation in the Klamath Reclamation Project (Oregon State
    Oregon State University Extension Service Special Report 1037 December 2002 Water Allocation in the Klamath Reclamation Project, 2001: An Assessment of Natural Resource, Economic, Social, and Institutional Issues with a Focus on the Upper Klamath Basin William S. Braunworth, Jr. Assistant Extension Agriculture Program Leader Oregon State University Teresa Welch Publications Editor Oregon State University Ron Hathaway Extension agriculture faculty, Klamath County Oregon State University Authors William Boggess, department head, Department of William K. Jaeger, associate professor of agricul- Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon tural and resource economics and Extension State University agricultural and resource policy specialist, Oregon State University William S. Braunworth, Jr., assistant Extension agricultural program leader, Oregon State Robert L. Jarvis, professor of fisheries and University wildlife, Oregon State University Susan Burke, researcher, Department of Agricul- Denise Lach, codirector, Center for Water and tural and Resource Economics, Oregon State Environmental Sustainability, Oregon State University University Harry L. Carlson, superintendent/farm advisor, Kerry Locke, Extension agriculture faculty, University of California Intermountain Research Klamath County, Oregon State University and Extension Center Jeff Manning, graduate student, Department of Patty Case, Extension family and community Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University development faculty, Klamath County, Oregon Reed Marbut, Oregon Water Resources
    [Show full text]
  • Project Nos. 2082-062 and 14803-000
    162 FERC ¶ 61,236 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION Before Commissioners: Kevin J. McIntyre, Chairman; Cheryl A. LaFleur, Neil Chatterjee, Robert F. Powelson, and Richard Glick. PacifiCorp Project Nos. 2082-062 and 14803-000 ORDER AMENDING LICENSE AND DEFERRING CONSIDERATION OF TRANSFER APPLICATION (Issued March 15, 2018) On September 23, 2016, and supplemented on March 1, June 23, December 1, and December 4, 2017, PacifiCorp, licensee for the Klamath Hydroelectric Project No. 2082,1 together with the Klamath River Renewal Corporation (Renewal Corporation), filed an application to amend and partially transfer the project license from PacifiCorp to the Renewal Corporation. Specifically, PacifiCorp and the Renewal Corporation propose that PacifiCorp’s existing license be amended to administratively remove four developments, create and administratively place the four developments into a new license for the Lower Klamath Project No. 14803, and transfer the Lower Klamath Project No. 14803 license to the Renewal Corporation. For the reasons discussed below, we grant the application to amend the project license, and defer our decision on the proposed partial license transfer. I. Background The 169-megawatt (MW) Klamath Project is located primarily on the Klamath River in Klamath County, Oregon and Siskiyou County, California and includes federal lands administered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The project consists of eight developments: seven developments with hydroelectric generation and one non-generating development. From upstream to downstream, the eight developments are the East Side, West Side, Keno (non-generating), J.C. Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No.
    [Show full text]
  • KLAMATH HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT [FERC No
    KLAMATH HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT [FERC No. 2082] REQUEST FOR DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY Copco No. 1, c1915 PacifiCorp Archives Photo for PacifiCorp, Portland, OR Prepared by George Kramer, M.S., HP Preservation Specialist Under contract to CH2M-Hill Corvallis, OR October 2003 App E-6E DOE 1_Cover.doc DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER Property Name: KLAMATH HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT Date of Construction: 1903-1958 Address: N/A County: Klamath, Oregon Siskiyou, California Original Use: Hydroelectric Generation Current Use: Hydroelectric Generation Style: Utilitarian/Industrial Theme: Commerce/Industrial _____________________________________________________________________________________ PRIMARY SIGNIFICANCE: The resources of the Klamath Hydroelectric Project were built between 1903 and 1958 by the California Oregon Power Company and its various pioneer predecessors and are now owned and operated by PacifiCorp under Federal Energy Regulatory License No. 2082. The resources of the project are strongly associated with the early development of electricity in the southern Oregon and northern California region and played a significant role in the area’s economy both directly, as a part of a regionally-significant, locally-owned and operated, private utility, and indirectly, through the role that increased electrical capacity played in the expansion of the timber, agriculture, and recreation industries during the first six decades of the 20th century. The Klamath Hydroelectric Project is considered regionally significant and eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion “A” for its association with the industrial and economic development of southern Oregon and northern California. [See Statement of Significance, Page 19] Copco No. 1, Dam and Gatehouse, 2002 In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Distribution of Beavers in California: Implications for Salmonids
    Current Distribution of Beavers in California: Implications for Salmonids Eli Asarian Riverbend Sciences Presented at: Salmon Restoration Federation Conference Riverbend Sciences 3/19/2014 Presentation Outline • Beaver Mapper • Current beaver distribution – Interactions with salmonids – Recent expansion Eli Asarian Cheryl Reynolds / Worth A Dam What is the Beaver Mapper? • Web-based map system for entering, displaying, and sharing information on beaver distribution Live Demo http://www.riverbendsci.com/projects/beavers How Can You Help? • Contribute data – Via website – Contact me: • [email protected] • 707.832.4206 • Bulk update for large datasets • Funding – New data – System improvements Current and Historic Beaver Distribution in California Beaver Range Current range Historic range Outside confirmed historic range Drainage divide of Sacramento/San Joaquin and South Coast Rivers Lakes Lanman et al. 2013 County Boundaries Current Beaver Distribution in CA Smith River Beaver Range Current range Historic range Outside confirmed historic range Drainage divide of Sacramento/San Joaquin and South Coast Rivers Lakes County Boundaries Beaver Bank Lodge Smith River Marisa Parish, (Humboldt State Univ. MS thesis) Lower Klamath River Middle Beaver Range Klamath Current range River Historic range Outside confirmed historic range Drainage divide of Sacramento/San Joaquin and South Coast Rivers Lakes County Boundaries Beaver Pond on W.F. McGarvey Creek (Trib to Lower Klamath River) from: Sarah Beesley & Scott Silloway, (Yurok Tribe Fisheries
    [Show full text]
  • Sediment Mobilization and Flow History in Klamath River Below Iron Gate Dam DATE: September 29, 2016
    Technical Memorandum TO: Dave Hillemeier, Yurok Tribal Fisheries, and Craig Tucker, Karuk Department of Natural Resources FROM: Conor Shea, Nicholas J. Hetrick, and Nicholas A. Som, Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office SUBJECT: Response to Request for Technical Assistance – Sediment Mobilization and Flow History in Klamath River below Iron Gate Dam DATE: September 29, 2016 Purpose. The Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office (AFWO) Fisheries Program is working with its scientific co-investigators to develop a series of four technical memorandums that summarize recent findings of studies that contribute to our current understanding of Ceratanova shasta (syn Ceratomyxa shasta) infections in the Klamath River, in response to requests for technical assistance from the Yurok and Karuk tribes. Each of the topics addressed in the four technical memorandums: 1) sediment mobilization review and streamflow history for the Klamath River below Iron Gate Dam, 2) polychaete distribution and infections, 3) actinospore and myxospore concentrations, and 4) prevalence of C. shasta infections in juvenile and adult salmonids, are identified in a conceptual model diagram (Figure 1) taken from Foott et al. (2011) and as discussed with the requesting tribes. The intent of the technical memorandums is to provide managers with a contemporary understanding of the state of the science with regard to the C. shasta in the Klamath River, and to provide a scientific basis to inform and support resource management decisions. The focus of this technical memorandum is to summarize the state of knowledge regarding environmental flow releases from the Iron Gate Dam to achieve specific objectives for channel form and ecological function. Other memorandums in this series will address how achieving these objectives will potentially influence various aspects of the C.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Evidence
    Distribution of Anadromous Fishes in the Upper Klamath River Watershed Prior to Hydropower Dams— A Synthesis of the Historical Evidence fisheries history Knowledge of the historical distribution of anadromous fish is important to guide man- agement decisions regarding the Klamath River including ongoing restoration and regional recovery of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Using various sources, we determined the historical distribution of anadromous fish above Iron Gate Dam. feature Evidence for the largest, most utilized species, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus ABSTRACT tshawytscha), was available from multiple sources and clearly showed that this species historically migrated upstream into tributaries of Upper Klamath Lake. Available infor- mation indicates that the distribution of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) extended to the Klamath Upper Basin as well. Coho salmon and anadromous lamprey (Lampetra tri- dentata) likely were distributed upstream at least to the vicinity of Spencer Creek. A population of anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) may have occurred historically above Iron Gate Dam. Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki), and eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) were restricted to the Klamath River well below Iron Gate Dam. This synthesis of available sources regard- ing the historical extent of these species’ upstream distribution provides key information necessary to guide management and habitat restoration efforts. Introduction John B. Hamilton Gary L. Curtis Gatschet’s statement is that salmon ascend the Klamath river twice a year, in June and again in autumn. This is in agreement with my information, that the run comes in the middlefinger Scott M. Snedaker month [sic], May–June, and that the large fish run in the fall...They ascend all the rivers David K.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 3 Trinity River Fish and Wildlife Background
    TRINITY RIVER FLOW EVALUATION - FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 3 Trinity River The life histories of anadromous species have two Fish and Wildlife distinct phases, one in freshwater and the other in salt Background water. Newly hatched young remain in the river of their birth for months to years before migrating to the ocean to grow to their adult size. Adult salmonids 3.1 Fish Resources return from the ocean to their natal rivers to spawn. Although steelhead, coho salmon, and chinook salmon Commercial, Tribal, and sport fisheries depend on healthy require similar instream habitats for spawning, egg populations of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho incubation, and salmon (O. kisutch), and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). rearing, the The following sections describe the habitat requirements Commercial, Tribal, and timing of their and life histories of these fish species and document their sport fisheries depend on life history decline. Any recommended measures to restore and healthy populations of events varies maintain the Trinity River fishery resources must consider steelhead (Oncorhynchus (Figure 3.1). these life histories and habitat requirements. mykiss), coho salmon Published values (O. kisutch), and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). 13 CHAPTER 3: TRINITY RIVER FISH AND WILDLIFE BACKGROUND JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Chinook Spring-run Chinook Fall-run Chinook Adult Coho Coho Migration and Holding Steelhead Summer-run Steelhead Fall-run Steelhead Winter-run Steelhead Steelhead Half pounders Steelhead Steelhead Chinook Spring-run Chinook Fall-run Chinook Spawning Coho Coho Coho Steelhead All runs Steelhead Chinook Chinook Chinook Egg incubation Coho Coho Coho Steelhead Steelhead Chinook Chinook Fry Emergence Coho Coho Steelhead Steelhead Chinook Chinook Coho Juvenile age 0 Coho Rearing age 1 Coho Steelhead age 0 Steelhead age 1, age 2 Steelhead Chinook Chinook Smolt Out- Coho Coho migration Steelhead Steelhead * A small percentage of chinook in the Trinity River overwinter and outmigrate at age 1, similar to coho age 1 life history.
    [Show full text]