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DISSERTATION O Attribution COPYRIGHT AND CITATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS THESIS/ DISSERTATION o Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. o NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. o ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. How to cite this thesis Surname, Initial(s). (2012) Title of the thesis or dissertation. PhD. (Chemistry)/ M.Sc. (Physics)/ M.A. (Philosophy)/M.Com. (Finance) etc. [Unpublished]: University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from: https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za (Accessed: Date). V J~J :L 0 t4 go flv THE PRAISE POETRY OF THE BAFOKENG OF PHOKENG BY KENALEMANG OLGA KGOROEADIRA SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILL:MENT OF THE REQUIRE:MENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MAGISTER ARTIUM IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES IN THE FACULTY OF ARTS AT THE RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY SUPERVISOR: MR H.C. GROENEWALD CO-SUPERVISOR: MR S.A. MAKOPO NOVEMBER 1993 ACKNOWLEDGE:MENTS I wish to thank the following people: my supervisor, Mr H.C. Groenewald for his encouragement, advice and critical responses; and my co-supervisor, Mr S .A. Makopo for his motivation and support. My husband Thomas who shared the trials of my study over the years never failing in his loving support. My children, Inolofatseng, Bareng, Onkgopotse and Atlarelang who were sometimes neglected when the pressure was too high. My parents Edwin and Lydia Lamola for their love and support, especially my mother who drove me around during the hard days of research. My parents-in-law Jacob and the late Lena Kgoroeadira for their love and support. My grandparents maternal and paternal for their love and support. My sister Keagile Lamola who is the driving force behind my success. My loving family friends, Mr and Mrs Matoase, who are like parents to me, for their love and support. My brother and friend Mr N.J. Manyaka and his family, for supporting me in every respect. My warm gratitude to my study group Mrs M. Motebele, Ms B. Molope, Mrs M. Ntlatleng and Mrs M. Ngapo. My thanks to all parents in Phokeng (informants) especially Chieftainess Semane Molotlegi who personally gave assistance despite the trying times. My thanks to her family, and especially Moolwane. All elders in Phokeng; the workers at Legato Gardens, especially Violet Mahlangu. Ka re: Le ka moso! Mrs M.D. Mhlongo for the tireless effort and expertise that she put in typing this dissertation. SUMMARY This research is based primarily on the praise poems of the Bafokeng of Phokeng, and their history. Achievements of the tribe as well as their downfall from the previous Chiefs to the present Chief are documented. The study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter looks at the aim of the study, which is preservation of the history of Bafokeng and their praise poems, both heroic and clan poems. The second chapter is a brief outline of the history of the Bafokeng tribe, their heroic as well as their clan poems. The historical backgrounds of these poems are also outlined, as are performances at different occasions. The third chapter focuses on the divining bones, the actual divination and praises of divining bones as performed by witchdoctors of Phokeng upon consultation. The fourth chapter presents the structural features of these poems e.g. language, repetition, rhythm, eulogues etc. The final chapter of this study looks at the experiences during the time of research, as well as discoveries and recommendations. OPSOMMING Hierdie navorsing is hoofsaaklik gebaseer op die geskiedenis en lofgedigde van die Bafokeng of Phokeng. Die stam se prestasies en ondergang is gedokumenteer vanaf die vorige stamhoofde tot en met die huidige stamhoof. Die verhandeling is verdeel in vyf hoofstukke. Hoofstuk een gaan oor die doel van die studie, naamlik die bewaring van die Bafokeng se geskiedenis en hUlle lofgedigte­ heroiese en familiegroep-gedigte. Hoofstuk twee gee 'n kort omlyning van die geskiedenis van die Bafokeng stam en die geskiedkundige agtergrond van die heroiese en familiegroep-gedigte. Die gebruik daarvan by verskeie geleenthede word ook kortliks geskets. Hoofstuk drie fokus op dolosse - die waarseery en lofuitinge deur die toordokters van die Phokeng tydens konsultasies waar van dolosse gebruik gemaak word. Hoofstuk vier gaan oor die strukturele kenmerke van die lofgedigte, en behels onder meer taalgebruik, herhaling, ritme, lofuitinge ens. In die slothoofstuk word ingegaan op verskeie ervarings en ontdekkings wat gedurende die navorsing teegekom is. 'n Aantal aanbevelings kom ook ter sprake. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title of Study Acknowledgements i Summary ii opsomming iii CHAPTER 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Aims and objectives 2 1.2 Methods of research 4 1.3 Definition of concepts 5 1.3.1 Praise poems 5 1.3.2 Function 6 1.4 Approaches in this dissertation 8 1.4.1 Performance approach 8 1.5 Conclusion 9 CHAPTER 2 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE BAFOKENG TRIBE 11 2.1 Heroic Poems of the Bafokeng of Phokeng 20 2.2 The Clan Praise Poems of the Bafokeng of Phokeng 29 2.3 Performance 39 2.3.1 Instances of Performance 40 2.4 Conclusion 44 CHAPTER 3 3. DIVINING BONES 46 3.1 The diviner/doctor 47 3.2 Divination 49 3.3 Names of divining-bones 50 3.3.1 Function of divining bones 51 3.4 Performance 52 3.4.1 Different lies 53 3.4.1.1 Mpherefere 53 3.4.1.2 Motlhakola ka sephiri 55 3.4.1.3 Morero wa maboni 56 ,\, PAGE 3.4.1.4 Lematla la mabofe 57 3.4.1.5 Thwagadima 58 3 . 4. 1. 6 Morupi 59 3.4.1.7 Makgolela 60 3.4.1.8 Legwame 60 3.5 Conclusion 61 CHAPTER 4 4. THE STRUCTURE OF THE PRAISE-POEMS OF THE BAFOKENG TRIBE 62 4.1 EUlogues 65 4.1.1 Clan eulogues 66 4.1.2 Metaphorical eulogues 67 4.1.3 Deverbative eulogues 68 4.1.4 Regimental eUlogues 69 4.1.5 Associative eulogues 69 4.2 Sound Usage 70 4 • 3 Word usage 72 4.3.1 Archaic words 72 4.3.2 Duplication of/verb lexemes 72 4.3.3 Deverbatives 73 4.4 Sentences 73 4.4.1 Short initial verse-lines 73 4.4.2 Succession of nouns 74 4.4.3 Interchanging types of sentences 74 4.4.4 .. Rhetoric questions 74 4.4.5 Interaction between affirmati~e and / negative sentences 75 4.4.6 Arrangement of names or praise-names 75 4.4.7r Enjambement 75 4.5 Repetition 76 4.5.1 _ Parallelism 77 4.5.2 Linking and repetition of words 77 4.5.2.1_ Initial linking or vertical linking 78 4.5.2. 2 ~ Final linking or interlocking 78 4.5.2.3 Oblique repetition 79 4.5.3 Repetition of thought 79 PAGE 4.5.4 Repetition through reduplication 80 4.6 Five indications of frequency of 80 occurrence in the Bafokeng praise poems CHAPTER 5 5. CONCLUSION 82 5.1 Nature of the praise poems 84 5.2 Recommendations 84 5.3 References 86 Appendix I - Map of Phokeng Appendix II - List of the Bafokeng Clans Appendix III - List of the Bafokeng Chiefs Appendix II: LIST OF BAFOKENG CLANS/DIKUTLE TSA SEFOKENG NAME/LEINA CLANS/DIKGORO VILLAGE/MOTSE 1. Arilius Bogopane Seloko I Phokeng 2. Njurupe Bogopane Seloko II Phokeng 3. David M. Diale Radiala Rasimone 4. Lucas Diale MachemaII Phokeng 5. Phillemon Diale Radiala Phokeng 6. Simon Diale Rathibedi Luka 7. Christopher Katane Katane Phokeng 8. Joel Katane Lefaragatlhe Lefaragatlhe 9. Herson Kgaladi Makete Mosenthal 10. Cornelius Khunou Madibana Phokeng 11. Juas Khunou MmakhUll0u Photsaneng 12. Solomon Khunou Photsaneng Luka 13. Shadrack Kwele Maile Diepkuil 14. Nelson Letlape Motsitle Sandfontein 15. David Maakwe Matshwana Phokeng 16. Titus Mafatshe Ramafatshe Phokeng 17. Simon Magano pitso Phokeng 18. David Mahuma Mogajana Mogajana 19. Nicholas Mahuma Mogajana Kana 20. Stone Makgaka (Act) Mabye Luka 21. Abel S. Makgala Ramakgala Phokeng 22. Moses Maledu Lekoshe Kana 23. Meshack Matabane Maile Kopman 24. Israel Mathuloe Magokgwane Phokeng 25. John Mekgoe Phiring Luka 26. Abinaar Mmeti Ramakatswana Luka 27. Motshweneng Mmutle Mantshong Phokeng 28. Makgaka Moagi Punodung Phokeng 29. Modisakeng Matsie Marakana 30. Samorena Mogono Mogono Luka 31. Gabotshepe Mokate Masweung Phokeng 32. Bethuel Mokgatle Bashiga Kana (Act) 33. Patrick Mokgwatlheng Madibana Kana 34. Josia Molobye Mathebetshwane Phokeng 35. Jeremia Molokwane Rathipa Serutube NAME/LEINA CLANS!KGORO VILLAGE!MOTSE 36. Stephen Molokwane Rathipa Luka 37. Christopher Molotsane Lekoshe Photsaneng 38. Ishmael Montsho Mogopa Phokeng 39. Seth Montsho Mogopa Luka 40. Nichodemans Mookeletsi Motsile Sandfontein 41. Thabo Mosito Maile Roodekraalspruit 42. Daniel Motepe Napo Tsitsing 43. Jeremia Motepe Napo Luka 44. Hendrick Mothokwa Bobuampja Bobuampya 45. Johannes Nakedi Rakhudu Tsitsing 46. Jethro Nameng Lemenong Phpkeng 47. Amos H. Ntsimane Batlase Tlaseng 48. Conrad Ntsimane Batlase Kana 49. Isaac Ntsimane Tlaseng Luka 50. Johannes K. Petlele (A) Madibana Thekwana 51. Paulus Petlele Madibana Luka 52. Amos Phale Rankunyana Luka 53. Manas Phetoane Machema I Phokeng 54. Daniel Rabyang Tau Serutube 55. Lameck Rabyang Tau Luka 56. Reitz Rakhudu Rakhudu Luka 57. Samuel Ramong Kgophane Phokeng 58. Reagile Ramoroa Metlapeng Phokeng 59. Herman Ramosepele Mphepele Lesung 60. Benjamin Rampete Mabye Tsitsing 61. David Rankoko Ratshwene Luka 62. Joseph Rapetsana Lemenong Kana 63.~Isaac Segoe MalIa ../ PhOken~~\e- . 64. Alphius Senne Ramodutwan; Phokeng 65. Feba Jerry Senne Keledi - Phoken 66. Alfred Setshedi Mosetlha Phokeng 67. Joel Setshoane Setshoane Chaneng 68. Gabriel Thethe Dimpeng Phokeng 69.
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