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Santos Eduardojoseneves M.Pdf UNICAMP UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS EDUARDO JOSÉ NEVES SANTOS AS MÚLTIPLAS FACES DA POLÊMICA LIBERAL: O EMBATE ENTRE ZACARIAS DE GÓES, CONSERVADORES E PROGRESSISTAS NA QUESTÃO DA NAVEGAÇÃO COMERCIAL NO IMPÉRIO (1857-1866) CAMPINAS 2019 EDUARDO JOSÉ NEVES SANTOS AS MÚLTIPLAS FACES DA POLÊMICA LIBERAL: O EMBATE ENTRE ZACARIAS DE GÓES, CONSERVADORES E PROGRESSISTAS NA QUESTÃO DA NAVEGAÇÃO COMERCIAL NO IMPÉRIO (1857-1866) Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em História, na Área de Política, Memória e Cidade. Orientadora: PROFA. DRA. IZABEL ANDRADE MARSON ESTE TRABALHO CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO EDUARDO JOSÉ NEVES SANTOS, E ORIENTADA PELA PROFA DRA IZABEL ANDRADE MARSON CAMPINAS 2019 UNICAMP UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS A Comissão Julgadora dos trabalhos de Defesa de Dissertação de Mestrado, composta pelos Professores Doutores a seguir descritos, em sessão pública realizada em 19 de agosto de 2019, considerou o candidato Eduardo José Neves Santos aprovado. Profa. Dra. Izabel Andrade Marson – Presidente Profa. Dra. Cecília Helena Lorenzini de Salles Oliveira – Membro Externo Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Camargo de Godoi – Membro Interno A Ata de Defesa com as respectivas assinaturas dos membros encontra-se no SIGA/Sistema de Fluxo de Dissertações/Teses e na Secretaria do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Dedico aos meus pais, José e Rose. AGRADECIMENTOS Para a realização deste trabalho, principiado ainda durante a graduação (2012- 2016), na Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCL-UNESP), foi fundamental o incentivo do professor José Carlos Barreiro, que me orientou em duas iniciações científicas que despertaram minha atenção para o “velho” Zacarias de Góes. Vale ressaltar neste primeiro momento as leituras sobre o século XIX compartilhadas com os colegas do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas Interdisciplinares sobre Política Cultura e Sociabilidades e dos debates com meus amigos Arthur Rebelo, Eduardo Silva, Helen Oliveira, João Roveri e Lucas Mota. Após o término da graduação, não por acaso, os ventos me levaram do “oeste distante” à “cidade das andorinhas” onde fui acolhido generosamente pela professora Izabel Andrade Marson que, além das atividades de estudo me auxiliou na adaptação a um novo ritmo e estilo de pesquisa. Orientadora dedicada e arguta, me proporcionou novas leituras, abordagens e caminhos a serem desbravados nas instituições de pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro e me aproximou das discussões realizadas no Núcleo História e Linguagens Políticas: Razão, Sentimentos e Sensibilidades. No Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IFCH-UNICAMP), me beneficiei dos debates com as professoras Josianne Francia Cerasoli e Maria Stella Martins Bresciani, durante as atividades da Linha de Pesquisa Política, Cultura e Memória. Ocasião, também de construção de novas amizades, em especial com Franciely Luz e Vitor Menini, que me receberam em Campinas e, com quem compartilhei leituras e apontamentos que trouxeram muitas contribuições à essa dissertação. Saliento, outrossim, a atenção dedicada pelas professoras Eide Sandra Azevêdo Abrêu, da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) e Silvana Mota Barbosa, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), indicando fontes e livros a um jovem pesquisador. Se na fase inicial tudo parecia novo e o desafios grandes, com o tempo o trabalho foi se desenvolvendo de maneira satisfatória. Agradeço aos professores, Cecília Helena L. de Salles Oliveira do Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) e Rodrigo Camargo de Godói (IFCH-UNICAMP) – que prontamente atenderam o convite para a banca do Exame de Qualificação – pela leitura atenta de meus escritos e pelas precisas sugestões. Agradeço também aos colegas da E.E. Dom Antônio José dos Santos (Rancharia- SP), da E.E. João Vieira de Mello (Queiroz-SP), da E.M.E.F. Coronel Antônio Nogueira (Paraguaçu Paulista- SP), da E.M.E.F. Osório Lemaire de Morais (Paraguaçu Paulista- SP) e da E.M.E.F. Cléia Caçapava Silva (Paraguaçu Paulista- SP), que acompanharam grande parte da trajetória acadêmica de um pós-graduando e professor ansioso e me auxiliaram dentro de suas possibilidades. O mesmo vale aos meus familiares, em especial meu pai, José, e minha mãe, Rose, que acreditaram em meu potencial e me auxiliaram nos deslocamentos, na aquisição de livros e nos momentos de frustração. Com a mesma importância, manifesto minhas saudações e respeito ao trabalho dos funcionários do Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, em especial os responsáveis pela Biblioteca Octávio Ianni (IFCH), pela Coleção Especial Maurício Tragtenberg da Biblioteca Professor Joel Martins da Faculdade de Educação (FE), da Coleção Especial Sérgio Buarque de Holanda da Biblioteca Central César Lattes (BCCL) e do Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth (AEL). Também deixo meus agradecimentos aos funcionários do Arquivo Histórico do Museu Imperial de Petrópolis- RJ (AHMI), do Arquivo Nacional- RJ (AN), do Arquivo Geral da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro- RJ (AGCRJ), da Biblioteca Nacional- RJ (BN), da Biblioteca Acadêmica Lúcio de Mendonça da Academia Brasileira de Letras- RJ (ABL) e do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro- RJ (IHGB), que me acolheram generosamente e facilitaram minhas pesquisas nas instituições de guarda do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em especial, Maria Aparecida Ribeiro (AGCRJ), Maria de Fátima Moraes Argon (AHMI) e Pedro Tortima (IHGB). Por fim, agradeço a bolsa de estudos concedida pelo Governo Federal, determinante para a conclusão desta dissertação. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior- Brasil (CAPES)- Código de Financiamento 001. Campinas, Inverno de 2019. O passado é uma onda toldada que entra em repouso. O lodo deposita-se no fundo; a água límpida vem à flor. José de Alencar RESUMO Esta dissertação aborda o percurso político de Zacarias de Góes e Vasconcellos (1815-1877) entre 1857 e 1866, período em que presidiu 3 gabinetes. Analisamos especialmente o desempenho deste político na derrubada do ministério Caxias-Paranhos (2 de março de 1861), episódio, dentre outros, que concorreu para a fragmentação do Partido Conservador e a formação da Liga Progressista, agrupamento partidário formado por conservadores dissidentes (como o próprio Zacarias) e alguns liberais moderados. Identificamos os diversos posicionamentos e confrontos liberais que se manifestaram na Câmara, dentro e fora do grupo “ligueiro”, especialmente quando, na vigência do gabinete de 15 de janeiro de 1864, se discutia, dentro do tema navegação comercial no Império, a quem caberia a concessão da linha de navegação entre o Rio de Janeiro e Nova Iorque. Demonstramos como a competição entre projetos que ambicionavam aquela concessão – dentre eles o do deputado liberal, o barão de Mauá – dividiu os membros da Liga, e resultou na demissão do ministério, o segundo presidido por Zacarias. O objetivo mais amplo deste trabalho é evidenciar como a política e os negócios privados se coadunavam, a exemplo das concessões obtidas pelos empreendimentos do barão de Mauá. Também, demonstrar como o confronto entre frações que integravam a Liga - tanto entre conservadores dissidentes, quanto entre eles e os liberais - a inviabilizaram, até porque o conflito se assentava em expectativas políticas e financeiras divergentes e inconciliáveis no que se refere à administração dos recursos públicos e a soberania nacional. Palavras-chave: Zacarias de Góes; Liga Progressista; Navegação Comercial; Liberalismo. ABSTRACT This dissertation deals with the political career of Zacarias de Góes e Vasconcellos (1815-1877) between 1857 and 1866, when he presided over three cabinets. We analyze especially the performance of this politician in the overthrow of the ministry Caxias-Paranhos (March 2, 1861), an episode, among others, that contributed to the fragmentation of the Conservative Party and the formation of the Progressive League, a party group formed by dissident conservatives (like Zacarias himself) and some moderate liberals. We identified the different positions and liberal confrontations that manifested themselves in the Chamber, inside and outside the “ligueiro” group, especially when, in the validity of the cabinet of January 15, 1864, there was discussion, within the theme of commercial navigation in the Empire, who would be responsible for the concession of the navigation line between Rio de Janeiro and New York. We showed how the competition between projects that aspired to that concession - among them that of the liberal deputy, the baron of Mauá - divided the members of the League, and resulted in the dismissal of the ministry, the second presided over by Zacarias. The broader objective of this work is to analizy how politic and private business converged, following the example of the concessions obtained by the ventures of the baron of Mauá. Also, to demonstrate how the confrontation between the fractions that were part of the League - both between dissident conservatives and between them and the liberals - made it unviable, not least because the conflict was based on divergent and irreconcilable political and financial expectations regarding the administration of public resources
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