Adaptability of Buildings: a Critical Review on the Concept Evolution
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Software Quality Management
Software Quality Management 2004-2005 Marco Scotto ([email protected]) Software Quality Management Contents ¾Definitions ¾Quality of the software product ¾Special features of software ¾ Early software quality models •Boehm model • McCall model ¾ Standard ISO 9126 Software Quality Management 2 Definitions ¾ Software: intellectual product consisting of information stored on a storage device (ISO/DIS 9000: 2000) • Software may occur as concepts, transactions, procedures. One example of software is a computer program • Software is "intellectual creation comprising the programs, procedures, rules and any associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a data processing system" •A software product is the "complete set of computer programs, procedures and associated documentation and data designated for delivery to a user" [ISO 9000-3] • Software is independent of the medium on which it is recorded Software Quality Management 3 Quality of the software product ¾The product should, on the highest level… • Ensure the satisfaction of the user needs • Ensure its proper use ¾ Earlier: 1 developer, 1 user • The program should run and produce results similar to those expected ¾ Later: more developers, more users • Need to economical use of the storage devices • Understandability, portability • User-friendliness, learnability ¾ Nowadays: • Efficiency, reliability, no errors, able to restart without using data Software Quality Management 4 Special features of software (1/6) ¾ Why is software ”different”? • Does not really have “physical” existence -
Adaptive Reuse Architecture Documentation and Analysis Dafna Fisher-Gewirtzman* Faculty of Architecture & Town Planning, Technion – IIT, Haifa, Israel
al Eng tur ine ec er Fisher-Gewirtzman, J Archit Eng Tech 2016, 5:3 it in h g c r T e DOI: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000172 A c f h o n Journal of Architectural l o a l n o r g u y o J Engineering Technology ISSN: 2168-9717 Research Article Open Access Adaptive Reuse Architecture Documentation and Analysis Dafna Fisher-Gewirtzman* Faculty of Architecture & Town Planning, Technion – IIT, Haifa, Israel Abstract Buildings have been reused throughout history. The current discourse of diverse trends in preservation together with awareness for sustainable environments has led to a surge in adaptive reuse projects. The combination of new and old architecture ensures the retaining of authentic character while providing an appropriate new use and revitalizing the structure. Learning from precedents is one of the most important knowledge bases for architects. It has many layers of knowledge referring to the old building and its original use, the transformed building and its new use, and the transformation itself. The objective of this work is to propose a theoretical and practical background for a systematic process to support adaptive reuse architecture precedent E-learning. A procedure for the analysis has been developed to fit the specific nature of this architecture data. This paper is presenting the analysis principles and demonstrates the system as a powerful infrastructure for E-learning. Keywords: Adaptive reuse of Buildings; Formal analysis; Learning and to enhance it rather than break it or try to diminish it. Such from precedents; Creative design; Design process structures must be studied carefully for their physical and metaphysical qualities and designers must consider all aspects and decide on tactics Introduction and strategies for their actions. -
Adaptability Evaluation at Software Architecture Level Pentti Tarvainen*
The Open Software Engineering Journal, 2008, 2, 1-30 1 Open Access Adaptability Evaluation at Software Architecture Level Pentti Tarvainen* VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, P.O. Box 1100, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland Abstract: Quality of software is one of the major issues in software intensive systems and it is important to analyze it as early as possible. An increasingly important quality attribute of complex software systems is adaptability. Software archi- tecture for adaptive software systems should be flexible enough to allow components to change their behaviors depending upon the environmental and stakeholders' changes and goals of the system. Evaluating adaptability at software architec- ture level to identify the weaknesses of the architecture and further to improve adaptability of the architecture are very important tasks for software architects today. Our contribution is an Adaptability Evaluation Method (AEM) that defines, before system implementation, how adaptability requirements can be negotiated and mapped to the architecture, how they can be represented in architectural models, and how the architecture can be evaluated and analyzed in order to validate whether or not the requirements are met. AEM fills the gap from requirements engineering to evaluation and provides an approach for adaptability evaluation at the software architecture level. In this paper AEM is described and validated with a real-world wireless environment control system. Furthermore, adaptability aspects, role of quality attributes, and diversity of adaptability definitions at software architecture level are discussed. Keywords: Adaptability, adaptation, adaptive software architecture, software quality, software quality attribute. INTRODUCTION understand the system [6]. Examples of design decisions are the decisions such as “we shall separate user interface from Today, quality of a software system plays an increasingly the rest of the application to make both user interface and important role in the domain of software engineering. -
An Orientation to Preservation & Adaptive Reuse
MODULE Preservation Toolkit An Orientation to Preservation & 01 Adaptive Reuse Preservation and reuse can mean different things to different people. From “freezing places in time” as a museum, to repairing and adapting places for a new active use. This orientation will introduce you to common preservation terms and resources, explain what listing in the National Register of Historic Places does and does not do, and outline standards for rehabilitation. Background The first noted preservation effort in the United States was Ann Pamela Cunningham and the Mt. Vernon Ladies Association’s crusade in the 1850s to save Mount Vernon. 1906 marked the beginning of the U.S. government’s involvement in historic preservation with the passage of the Antiquities Act and the creation of the National Monuments program. Today, preservation in the United States is guided by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, which introduced Historic Preservation Offices in each state, and created the National Register of Historic Places. Later federal additions to the field include the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards, which guide and promote preservation throughout the country; and Historic Tax Credits, a major incentive for rehabilitation of historic properties. What is Preservation? Preservation “is a movement in planning designed to conserve old buildings and areas in an effort to tie a place’s history to its population and culture. It is also an essential component to green building in that it reuses structures that are already present as opposed to new construction.”1 Preservation compliments the fields of community planning, architecture, and history. Historic buildings and sites embody the story of a place – the values, culture, craftsmanship, and resources of its people. -
Adaptive Reuse: Recent Hotel Conversions in Downtown Philadelphia Catherine S
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1-1-2005 Adaptive Reuse: Recent Hotel Conversions in Downtown Philadelphia Catherine S. Jefferson University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Jefferson, Catherine S., "Adaptive Reuse: Recent Hotel Conversions in Downtown Philadelphia" (2005). Theses (Historic Preservation). 30. http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/30 Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2005. Advisor: David Hollenberg This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/30 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Adaptive Reuse: Recent Hotel Conversions in Downtown Philadelphia Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2005. Advisor: David Hollenberg This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/30 ADAPTIVE REUSE: RECENT HOTEL CONVERSIONS IN DOWNTOWN PHILADELPHIA Catherine Sarah Jefferson A THESIS in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION 2005 _____________________________ _____________________________ Advisor Reader David Hollenberg John Milner Lecturer in Historic Preservation Adjunct Professor of Architecture _____________________________ Program Chair Frank G. Matero Associate Professor of Architecture ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the assistance and support of a number of people. -
20-Century Building Adaptive-Reuse: Office Buildings Converted to Apartments
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2020 20-Century Building Adaptive-Reuse: Office Buildings Converted to Apartments. Yujia Zhang Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Zhang, Yujia, "20-Century Building Adaptive-Reuse: Office Buildings Converted to Apartments." (2020). Theses (Historic Preservation). 697. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/697 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/697 For more information, please contact [email protected]. 20-Century Building Adaptive-Reuse: Office Buildings Converted to Apartments. Abstract Adaptive re-use is a solution to avoiding the obsolescence of buildings in urban development. It is beneficial for the city, for the culture, for the environment, and for the building itself. Recently in the United States, historical office buildings converted into apartments have demonstrated a way to extend the life of these buildings. This thesis aims to analyze 20-century office buildings in Nework Y City converted to apartments in order to examine the possibility of this kind of adaptive-reuse solution for historic office buildings in China. It investigates the history, policy, and design of adaptive-reuse of 20th-Century New York City office building into residential apartments for 21th-century living. It analyzes three cases to understand the requirements for a successful building transformation and speculates about future potential for adaptive re-use of modern office buildings. In addition, it identifies reasons why modern Chinese cities lack similar conversion projects and speculates on whether Chinese cities are suitable for adaptive re-use strategies like those developed in the United States. -
MANAGING CHANGE: Preservation and Rightsizing in America Chairman’S Message
MANAGING CHANGE: Preservation and Rightsizing in America Chairman’s Message The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) is pleased to present this report addressing rightsizing and historic preservation in America. This issue of rightsizing and its implications for historic preservation have been the focus of considerable attention since 2011 when the devastating effects of the economic downturn on historic properties within legacy cities became apparent to the preservation community. Residents urged the ACHP to assist in managing the effects of major changes occurring to historic properties in local neighborhoods across the country. Recognizing the important role the ACHP could play in advising stakeholders on how to incorporate historic preservation goals and requirements into community efforts, I designated a task force in 2011 to address this issue. The result of our efforts is incorporated in this report, Managing Change: Preservation and Rightsizing in America, which makes key recommendations for ensuring that historic preservation is a vital part of the solution for communities looking to reinvent themselves. The report documents the ACHP’s findings based on site visits to legacy cities, participation in conferences and meetings, and research. In addition, it makes recommendations to federal agencies and the diverse stakeholders involved in rightsizing in legacy cities and other communities. The phenomenon of rightsizing is similar to challenges presented decades ago by the Urban Renewal Program that resulted in the substantial loss of local historic assets. The lessons learned during that period have positioned us now to ensure that historic preservation informs the revitalization of our communities and is not considered an impediment to economic recovery. -
A Study Examining Residential Adaptive Reuse in Downtown Buildings Sponsored by the Pittsburgh Downtown Living Initiative, June 2004 Allegheny River Olive Or Twist
the VACANT UPPER FLOORS project a study examining residential adaptive reuse in downtown buildings sponsored by the pittsburgh downtown living initiative, june 2004 Allegheny River Art Institute Building Olive Or Twist Primanti’s Building One Market Street Monongahela River Buhl Building 02 PREFACE WHAT IS THE VACANT UPPER FLOORS PROJECT? The Vacant Upper Floors project was sponsored by the Downtown Living Initiative of Pittsburgh, and its working group consisted of real estate experts, architects, contractors and building owners united under a single mandate: to show that residential conversion of buildings Downtown is a profitable strategy. The result, which you have here before you in the form of this study, reflects the wisdom, hard work, and practical experience of each one of those team members. The goals of this report are two-fold: • To provide a guide and resource with sufficient technical information for the building owners who were selected to be part of this study, so that they might consider converting their buildings as suggested. • To encourage other building owners to give serious thought to similar conversion scenarios by demonstrating the economic viability (and benefits) of such an undertaking. WHO MIGHT THIS REPORT APPEAL TO? • A building owner whose property is currently all, mostly, or even partially vacant, and who would like to maximize its asset value and income producing potential • Someone who has always wanted to live Downtown • Someone who would like to own a penthouse apartment, and also rent out the remaining floors for an income base • A building owner with a retail establishment on the ground floor, but open warehouse or storage on the upper floors • An investor interested in procuring and developing Downtown properties WHAT SHOULD I LOOK FOR IN MY BUILDING? We thought it appropriate to seed this report with assorted ideas about what to look for in your own building. -
Meditations on Selle Generator Works and Adaptive Reuse Practice
MEDITATIONS ON SELLE GENERATOR WORKS AND ADAPTIVE REUSE PRACTICE A thesis submitted to the Kent State University Honors College in partial fulfillment for the requirements for University Honors (or General or Departmental Honors, as appropriate) by Abby M. Baker May, 2015 Thesis written by Abby M. Baker Approved by ___________________________________________________________________, Jonathan Fleming, Advisor ______________________________________________, Jonathan Fleming, Chair, Department of Architecture Accepted by _____________________________________Donald Palmer, Dean, Honors College II TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................. IIX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................. X CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION....................................................................... 1 II DEFINING ADAPTIVE REUSE................................................ 5 A History of Adaptive Reuse....................................................... 7 Adaptive Reuse Today................................................................. 17 III. SELLE GENERATOR WORKS................................................. 31 A History of Selle Generator Works............................................ 33 IV. MEDITATIONS.......................................................................... 47 V. CONCLUSION.......................................................................... 57 WORKS CITED................................................................................................ -
The Adaptive Reuse of Sacred Spaces in Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Urban Studies Senior Seminar Papers Urban Studies Program 2016 Profound & Profane Places: The Adaptive Reuse of Sacred Spaces in Philadelphia Kristen Kelly University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/senior_seminar Part of the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Kelly, Kristen, "Profound & Profane Places: The Adaptive Reuse of Sacred Spaces in Philadelphia" (2016). Urban Studies Senior Seminar Papers. 17. https://repository.upenn.edu/senior_seminar/17 Suggested Citation: Kelly, Kristen. "Profound & Profane Places: The Adaptive Reuse of Sacred Spaces in Philadelphia." University of Pennsylvania, Urban Studies Program. 2016. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/senior_seminar/17 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Profound & Profane Places: The Adaptive Reuse of Sacred Spaces in Philadelphia Abstract Purpose built churches from the late 19th and early 20th century are typical neighborhood landmarks and can be seen throughout Philadelphia. In addition to the massive architectural value that these buildings hold, they capture significant cultural and religious heritage for the city and its residents. Though many churches today are facing difficulties maintaining operpr ties, new forms of use have emerged which bring new life into sacred spaces. This research examines the role of adaptive reuse in providing opportunities for the preservation of historic church buildings. It also investigates the successes and failures of two recent adaptive reuse projects in Philadelphia of sacred spaces originally designed by Frank Furness. This research seeks to illustrate the value purpose built churches hold for their communities, and demonstrate the renewed relevance they possess when provided with new uses. -
A Method for Assessing the Reusability of Object-Oriented
A Method for Assessing the Reusability of Object- Oriented Code Using a Validated Set of Automated Measurements Fatma Dandashi David C. Rine Mitre Corporation George Mason University 7515 Coleshire Dr. 4400 University Drive McLean, VA 22102-7508 Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444 1.703.883.7914 1.703.993.1530 ext. 3-1546 [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT indirect quality attributes, such as adaptability, completeness, maintainability, and understandability have A method for judging the reusability of C++ code not been thoroughly investigated, or rigorously validated. components and for assessing indirect quality attributes To date, some studies of limited scope have been conducted from the direct attributes measured by an automated tool was to show that relationships exist between the two collections demonstrated. The method consisted of two phases. The first of attributes, direct and indirect [28]. phase identified and analytically validated a set of measurements for assessing direct quality attributes based During our research, we identified and analytically validated on measurement theory. An automated tool was used to a set of static, syntactic, directly measurable quality compute actual measures for a repository of C++ classes. A attributes of C++ code components at the class (macro) and taxonomy relating reuse, indirect quality attributes, and method (micro) levels [11]. Our goal was to identify and measurements identified and validated during the first part validate a set of measurements that can be used as effective of this research was defined. The second phase consisted of assessors of indirect quality attributes and predictors of the identifying and validating a set of measurements for overall quality and reusability of C++ code components. -
Implementation Challenges to the Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings: Towards the Goals of Sustainable, Low Carbon Cities
Habitat International 36 (2012) 352e361 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Habitat International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/habitatint Implementation challenges to the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings: Towards the goals of sustainable, low carbon cities Esther H.K. Yung, Edwin H.W. Chan* Building and Real Estate Department, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong abstract Keywords: It is well acknowledged that low carbon emissions is one of the key factors contributing to sustainable Adaptive reuse urban development and effectively tackling climate change. Adaptive reuse of buildings is a form of Built heritage sustainable urban regeneration, as it extends the building’s life and avoids demolition waste, encourages Sustainable development reuses of the embodied energy and also provides significant social and economic benefits to the society. Low carbon city Hong Kong Thus, it embraces the different dimensions of sustainability. However, the debates over which sustain- ability factors are key, and how to address them all in practice, remain unresolved. This study begins with an intensive literature review of the factors that contribute to the goal of sustainable development in the conservation of built heritage. This is followed by in-depth interviews with practitioners who have participated in adaptive reuse projects in Hong Kong. These interviews confirm the reliability of the shortlisted sustainability factors. More importantly, this paper examines the challenges in incorporating a sustainability framework into adaptive reuse projects. The authors stress that the framework for achieving sustainable, low carbon adaptive reuse should be viewed more holistically, integrating social, economic, environmental, urban and political policies.