Reclaiming Our Edge: Preservation and Sustainability in Pittsburgh
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RReeccllaaiimmiinngg OOuurr EEddggee Capstone Seminar in Economic Development and Planning: Preservation, Sustainability, or Sprawl? Options for the Pittsburgh Region Graduate School of Public and International Affairs University of Pittsburgh April 22, 1999 RECLAIMING OUR EDGE: PRESERVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN PITTSBURGH Capstone Seminar in Economic Development and Planning Spring 1999 Graduate School of Public and International Affairs University of Pittsburgh Participants Program Melanie Beish MURP Alison Bonebrake MPA Scott Dellettt MURP Peter Dzewaltowski MURP David Gibson MURP Thomas Hardy MURP Frank Humes MPA Pam Kantrowitz MPA Anjana Mepani MURP Marie Mercurio MURP Jim Robertson MURP Mike Stafford MURP Brandi Tarr MURP Jayne Engle Warnick MURP Kristopher Wiegand MPA Faculty: Sabina Deitrick Graduate School of Public and International Affairs University of Pittsburgh ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Reclaiming Our Edge As the 20th century comes to a close, the Pittsburgh region is coming through a transitional period in which it has undergone profound changes in economic, social and demographic terms. The region had lost the edge that it once enjoyed as an innovative industrial capital and a growing melting pot of migrants and immigrants. But the region has now stabilized in many ways, and we stand at the threshold, not only of a new century, but of the opportunity to edge our way to the forefront of creative invention and rational growth. Now is the time for Pittsburgh to reclaim its edge as a dynamic region that incubates innovation and fosters thoughtful development. Preservation, Sustainability, or Sprawl? Reclaiming Our Edge is the product of a Capstone Seminar in economic development and planning entitled “Preservation, Sustainability, or Sprawl?: Options for the Pittsburgh Region” offered by the University of Pittsburgh’s Graduate School of Public and International Affairs and instructed by Professor Sabina E. Deitrick. Our class has examined the notions of preservation and a sustainable environment in an urban context, with emphasis on economic development and planning in Pittsburgh. We studied existing policies for the region and compared them to other cities. We considered the region’s assets, the role of preservation in economic development, and what the notion of sustainability means to a region such as Pittsburgh. We examined the links between sustainability and preservation, and how these links could be understood in an economic development framework. Reclaiming Our Edge is an effort to identify growth and development that will support the economic and social viability of our city and region, conserve fiscal assets and protect our exceptional natural landscapes, environmental quality and heritage resources. Options for the Pittsburgh Region In order to link our findings about conditions in Pittsburgh with successes that have been realized in other regions, we have made sets of recommendations for the Pittsburgh region in each chapter of the report, which cover these topics: land use, riverfronts, adaptive reuse, and the Fifth/Forbes district downtown. Following is a summary of our recommendations for Pittsburgh: Land Use: While land use planning has become a hot topic in state and national politics, Pennsylvania lags in its creation of effective policies to curb sprawl by encouraging reinvestment in already-built areas, such as Oregon, Maryland and Vermont have done. Zoning may be used as a tool to foster sustainability and natural and historic preservation, but the use of progressive strategies is often the exception rather than the norm. We recommend that Pennsylvania counties be provided better information about what zoning strategies exist to foster preservation and sustainability and how they have been successfully implemented. iii Metropolitan Planning: Because land use planning should guide transportation planning, it is important that discussions of land use policies incorporate the region’s metropolitan planning organization that controls transportation investments, the Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission (SPC). To become a more effective organization, SPC ought to consider these recommendations: • Develop a formal regional mission statement; • Increase meaningful citizen involvement • Make an active website; and • Create better state and federal representation with decision-making authority on the Board of Directors. Riverfronts: As the Pittsburgh region’s most significant natural assets, rivers and riverfronts, must be preserved, sustained, and developed appropriately. We recommend the following be undertaken to improve the use and preservation of our riverfronts: • Inter-municipal and inter-county cooperation in planning for standardized riverfront docks to be used as transportation nodes; • Implementation of a 50-foot buffer zone along the riverfronts; • Formation of a riverfront consortium of county planning agencies in the region, perhaps through SPC, to facilitate coordinated riverfront planning and development; and • Incorporation of signage to provide directional, attraction, and historic information to pedestrians and bicyclists on riverfront trails. Adaptive reuse: Pittsburgh has tremendous potential to revitalize its downtown and neighborhoods through adaptive reuse projects, which can be better facilitated by: • Designing targeted incentives such as a tax abatement program tailored to adaptive reuse; • Adapting building codes where appropriate; • Supporting proposed legislation to modify the federal historic tax credit program to include for-sale housing; • Exploring non-traditional forms of financing and providing banks with financial information on successful projects; and • Training appraisers about market conditions to determine value where comparable properties do not exist. Fifth/Forbes district downtown: A revitalized Fifth/Forbes retail district in downtown Pittsburgh is currently in the planning stages. Our research and findings show that it would be beneficial to incorporate the following recommendations into the development: • Make the development "Uniquely Pittsburgh"; • Establish a task force to work with existing retailers to promote good will and ensure the success of the project; iv • Establish a task force to work with other downtown occupants - both office and residential - to have a cohesive transition to Market Place; • Incorporate options for the existing store owners who are being displaced to find new, acceptable space elsewhere in the downtown area, perhaps by moving the “existing” Fifth/Forbes Corridor elsewhere; • Incorporate local Pittsburgh retailers and local job opportunities; • Establish ties to the community; • Include more “green conscious” planning; • Address the university markets that can help to make the district a 24-hour place; • Sustain a mix of local and national establishments in the retail district, like in downtown Bethesda; and • Add more green spaces, trees, and flower-plantings to the current design. By implementing policies that encourage preservation and sustainability and by thwarting sprawl to avoid the inefficient use of our resources, we believe that Pittsburgh can be in a position to reclaim its edge as a major metropolitan area that is globally competitive. v TABLE OF CONTENTS page Executive Summary ............................................................................................. iii List of Tables and Figures .................................................................................. vii I. Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 II. Issues on the Edge: Sustainability, Sprawl and Preservation .......... 5 III. Land Use Policies ............................................................................ 24 IV. Reclaiming Our River's Edge ........................................................... 44 V. Adaptive Reuse Projects ................................................................... 61 VI. Fifth and Forbes Corridor................................................................... 73 VII. Conclusions ....................................................................................... 89 References ......................................................................................... 93 ___________________________________________________________________________ Appendices: • Appendix I: Selections from the Web site • Appendix II: Sustainable Neighborhood Matrix • Appendix III: Federal Money for Sustainability Initiatives • Appendix IV: Student Survey • Appendix V: Metropolitan Planning Organizations: Pittsburgh and Philadelphia Regions • Appendix VI: Station Square Development • Appendix VII: Market Place at Fifth and Forbes vi List of Tables page Table 2.1 Population Trends, Selected Cities ................................................... 15 Table 2.2 GSPIA Student Survey Results.......................................................... 18 Table 3.1 Population of the U. S., Oregon, Vermont, Maryland and Pennsylvania, 1960-1990 ......................................................... 25 Table 3.2 Agricultural Data, Oregon and Pennsylvania ................................ 26 Table 3.3: Vermont Agricultural Data ............................................................. 28 Table 3.4 Zoning Strategies to Foster Preservation and Sustainability ......... 33 Table 4.1 Lessons Learned from North American Case Studies...................... 52 Table 4.2 Steel Industry Heritage Corp.'s Estimated Annual Revenues........... 55 Table 4.3 Riverfront