DOCSLIB.ORG

Trails to Tiburón: the 1894 and 1895 Field Diaries of W J Mcgee

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trails to Tiburón: the 1894 and 1895 Field Diaries of W J Mcgee TRAILS TO TIBUR6N THE SOUTHWEST CENTER SERIES Ignaz Pfefferkorn, Sonora: A Description of the Province Carl Lumholtz, New Trails in Mexico Buford Pickens, The Missions of Northern Sonora: A 1935 Field Documentation Gary Paul Nabhan, editor, Counting Sheep: Twenty Ways of Seeing Desert Bighorn Eileen Oktavek, Answered Prayers: Miracles and Mililgros along the Border Curtis M. Hinsley and David R. Wilcox, editors, Frank Hamilton Cushing and the Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition, 1886-1889, volume 1: Tlze Southwest in the American Imagination: The Writings of Sylvester Baxter, 1881-1899 Lawrence J. Taylor and Maeve Hickey, The Road to Mexico Donna]. Guy and Thomas E. Sheridan, editors, Contested Ground: Comparative Frontiers on the Northern and South­ em Edges of the Spanish Empire Julian D. Hayden, The Sierra Pinacate Paul S. Martin, David Yetman, Mark Fishbein, Phil Jenkins, Thomas R. Van Devender, and Rebecca K. Wilson, editors, Gentry's Rio Mayo Plants: The Tropical Deciduous Forest and Environs of Northwest Mexico. W J McGee, Trails to Tibur6n: The 1894 and 1895 Field Diaries of W J McGee, transcribed by Hazel McFeely Fontana, annotated and with an introduction by Bernard 1. Fontana TRAILS TO TIBUR6N THE 1894 AND 1895 FIELD DIARIES OF WJ McGee TRANSCRIBED BY Jfazel Mc!Feely !Fontana ANNOTATED AND WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY C/Jernard ;: !Fontana First printing The University of Arizona Press © 2000 The Arizona Board of Regents All rights reserved @ This book is printed on acid-free, archival-quality paper. Manufactured in the United States of America 05 04 03 02 01 00 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McGee, W. J., 1853-1912 Trails to Tibur6n : the 1894 and 1895 field diaries of W J McGee I transcribed by Hazel Mcfeely Fontana; annotated and with an introduction by Bernard 1. Fontana. p. cm. - (Southwest Center series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8165-2030-5 1. Tohono O'Odham Indians. 2. Seri Indians. 3. McGee, W. L 1853-1912-Diaries. 4. Tibur6n Island (Mexico)-Description and travel. I. Fontana, Bernard L. II. Title. III. Series E99.P25 M34 2000 972.1'7-dc21 99-006917 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 'To the spirit (d' adventurp and discovery CONTENTS liST OF FIGURES . VIII liST OF MAPS . ... IX ACKNOWLEDGM ENTS ... .. X INTRODUCTION ..... XI PAPAGO TRIP , 1894 .. 3 SECOND EXPEDITION , PAPAGO-SERI , 1895 .. .. 51 ApPENDIX A. PAPAGO VOCABULARY FROM JOSE LEWIS 103 ApPENDIX B . PAPAGO VOCABULARY AND INTERVIEW NOTES 105 ApPENDIX C. MARINE FLOODING OF THE SONORA-BACUACHE DELTA AREA, BY RONALD L . IVES 109 ApPENDIX D. WORKS BY W J MCGEE 111 NOTES 127 REFERENCES 149 INDEX 163 FIGURES J. M. Berger at San Xavier del Bac with village residents. XVII Jose Lewis next to an homo, San Xavier del Bae. XVIII Hugh Norris at San Xavier del Bae. XIX Tohono O'odham woman with an olla on her head, Pozo Verde. XX II McGee's field camp at Pozo Verde. .xXII Looking north toward the border town of Nogales, Sonora. XX III Mariano Ballestere drives a burro, near Imuris. XX III A portion of the Tohono O'odham village of Wa:k. XXV Mission church of San Ignacio de Caburica. .7 "Beggar woman" who was unable to join the group picture. 7 Townspeople assembled by the mission church. 7 Mission Santa Maria Magdalena. 8 Mexican blacksmith shop, Santa Ana. 9 Mexican house between San Lorenzo and Santa Ana. 9 "The more typical" of two Tohono O'odham houses near Querobabi. 12 The larger of the two Tohono O'odham houses near Querobabi. 12 "Flashlight picture" of Jose Lewis and other Tohono O'odham men. 13 A Mexican carpenter and beggar at Querobabi. 14 Tohono O'odham children next to a shed at Querobabi. ...... 16 Francisca Martinas and her godchild, Marcie Martinas. 16 House and some children of Juana Rosara at Querobabi. 16 W J McGee and Tohono O'odham at Querobabi. 16 W J McGee "turning out" at 6:30 a.m. at Carbo. 17 Looking over a portion of Hermosillo. 18 McGee with a group of Seri Indians at Rancho San Francisco de Costa Rica. 24 Manuel Miranda and McGee at Rancho San Francisco de Costa Rica. 24 Small group of Seris at Rancho San Francisco de Costa Rica. .24 Candelaria, a Seri woman, at Rancho San Francisco de Costa Rica. 25 Seri boys carrying away the carcass of a dead pig. 25 McGee collects a Seri vocabulary from Mashem. .26 Molino Encinas near Hermosillo, with Encinas family. 28 Pascual Encinas and family at Molino Encinas. 29 A typical Tohono O'odham house at Pozo Nuevo. 31 Detail of a Tohono O'odham house at Pozo Nuevo. 31 Jose Lewis examines a cistern at Pow Nuevo. 31 McGee examines an "ocatiya tree," near Pozo Noriega. 32 McGee next to a huge ocotillo, the "regular opeten." 32 FIGURES IX Jose Lewis examines a burro-powered mill, Pozo Noriega. 32 McGee asleep in camp at Santa Rosa. .34 Breakfast at Santa Rosa. ..... 34 Dry-washing operation at Cienega .. ..... 35 Tohono O'odham woman firing a pottery kiln at Cienega. 35 Dry washer at Cienega. .36 Mission Purlsima Concepcion de Nuestra Senora de Caborca. ..39 Moonlight photo, Altar. 42 Rancho de Felix, north of Altar. 43 McGee next to a Tohono O'odham house in the Baboquivari Valley. 46 Jose Lewis by a Tohono O'odham grass house, west of Fresnal. 46 McGee expedition with Baboquivari Peak in the background. 48 Tohono O'odham cowboys at Fresnal. .48 Jose Lewis and McGee with Tohono O'odham at headman's house, Fresnal. .48 Panoramic view of the village of Coyote Sits (Ban Dak). 48 Petroglyphs at Las Trincheras. 61 Diagrams of two enclosures at Las Trincheras. .62 McGee examines petroglyphs at Las Trincheras. 63 Caulking the bottom of the sloop for the trip to Tiburon. .76 Indians carrying a cask of water, Tiburon Island. .89 S. C. Millard stands guard at Sandspit rancheria. 90 Seri Indian informant "EI General" Fernando Kolusio. 100 MAPS Route of the 1894 Expedition .. ... 4 Route of the 1895 Expedition .. .52 Routes of the 1895 Expedition to Isla Tiburon. 84 FIGURES IX Jose Lewis examines a burro-powered mill, Pozo Noriega. 32 McGee asleep in camp at Santa Rosa. .34 Breakfast at Santa Rosa. ..... 34 Dry-washing operation at Cienega .. ..... 35 Tohono O'odham woman firing a pottery kiln at Cienega. 35 Dry washer at Cienega. .36 Mission Purlsima Concepcion de Nuestra Senora de Caborca. ..39 Moonlight photo, Altar. 42 Rancho de Felix, north of Altar. 43 McGee next to a Tohono O'odham house in the Baboquivari Valley. 46 Jose Lewis by a Tohono O'odham grass house, west of Fresnal. 46 McGee expedition with Baboquivari Peak in the background. 48 Tohono O'odham cowboys at Fresnal. .48 Jose Lewis and McGee with Tohono O'odham at headman's house, Fresnal. .48 Panoramic view of the village of Coyote Sits (Ban Dak). 48 Petroglyphs at Las Trincheras. 61 Diagrams of two enclosures at Las Trincheras. .62 McGee examines petroglyphs at Las Trincheras. 63 Caulking the bottom of the sloop for the trip to Tiburon. .76 Indians carrying a cask of water, Tiburon Island. .89 S. C. Millard stands guard at Sandspit rancheria. 90 Seri Indian informant "EI General" Fernando Kolusio. 100 MAPS Route of the 1894 Expedition .. ... 4 Route of the 1895 Expedition .. .52 Routes of the 1895 Expedition to Isla Tiburon. 84 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bringing W J McGee's field notes of his 1894 and 1895 journeys from Arizona to Sonora into print is a project that began more than four decades ago, in 1956, and during the course of that time we inevitably became indebted to numerous indi­ viduals, many of them, sadly, no longer alive. Among these are Margaret Blaker, archivist for the now-defunct Bureau of American Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution; Ronald L. Ives, geographer and cartographer extraordinaire, who sup­ plied encouragement, maps, and material for one of the appendices and who died February 26, 1982; Klotho McGee Lattin, W J McGee's daughter, who died Novem­ ber 17, 1985; Elsie McGee Ellis, W J McGee's grandniece; Don Roberto Thomson, grandnephew of Pascual Encinas and son of Louis Keith Thompson, one of McGee's companions in 1895; Matthew W. Stirling, director of the Bureau of American Ethnology; Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., director of the Bureau of American Ethnology; David C. Mearns, chief of the Manuscripts Division of the Library of Congress; and Licenciado Luis Encinas, governor of the state of Sonora. We were also aided in identification of plants and animals and in other ways by Charles H. Lowe, Jr., and Paul S. Martin, both retired from the University of Arizona; Raymond M. Turner, retired from the U.S. Geological Survey; Steven J. Prchal of Sonoran Arthropod Studies, Inc.; Richard S. Felger of Drylands Insti­ tute; and Curtis M. Hinsley, Jr., of Northern Arizona University. All photographs are reprinted by permission of the National Anthropolog­ ical Archives, Smithsonian Institution, and are identified by catalog number in the caption. Photographs in the introduction and "Papago Trip, 1894" journal were taken by William Dinwiddie; photographs in the "Second Expedition, 1895" jour­ nal were taken by John W. Mitchell. INTRODUCTION By the end of the nineteenth century, a self-taught and now largely forgotten sci­ entist had climbed to the pinnacle of the fledgling field of American anthropol­ ogy as one of its most powerful and outspoken proponents. Unlikely though it may seem, chief among the trails leading to that summit were those headed to a remote, dry, and forbidding place in the Gulf of California known as Shark Island, or, more properly, Isla Tibur6n.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Lower Gila Region, Arizona
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUBERT WORK, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper 498 THE LOWER GILA REGION, ARIZONA A GEOGBAPHIC, GEOLOGIC, AND HTDBOLOGIC BECONNAISSANCE WITH A GUIDE TO DESEET WATEEING PIACES BY CLYDE P. ROSS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1923 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAT BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 50 CENTS PEE COPY PURCHASER AGREES NOT TO RESELL OR DISTRIBUTE THIS COPT FOR PROFIT. PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED MAT 11, 1822 CONTENTS. I Page. Preface, by O. E. Melnzer_____________ __ xr Introduction_ _ ___ __ _ 1 Location and extent of the region_____._________ _ J. Scope of the report- 1 Plan _________________________________ 1 General chapters _ __ ___ _ '. , 1 ' Route'descriptions and logs ___ __ _ 2 Chapter on watering places _ , 3 Maps_____________,_______,_______._____ 3 Acknowledgments ______________'- __________,______ 4 General features of the region___ _ ______ _ ., _ _ 4 Climate__,_______________________________ 4 History _____'_____________________________,_ 7 Industrial development___ ____ _ _ _ __ _ 12 Mining __________________________________ 12 Agriculture__-_______'.____________________ 13 Stock raising __ 15 Flora _____________________________________ 15 Fauna _________________________ ,_________ 16 Topography . _ ___ _, 17 Geology_____________ _ _ '. ___ 19 Bock formations. _ _ '. __ '_ ----,----- 20 Basal complex___________, _____ 1 L __. 20 Tertiary lavas ___________________ _____ 21 Tertiary sedimentary formations___T_____1___,r 23 Quaternary sedimentary formations _'__ _ r- 24 > Quaternary basalt ______________._________ 27 Structure _______________________ ______ 27 Geologic history _____ _____________ _ _____ 28 Early pre-Cambrian time______________________ .
    [Show full text]
  • A Visitor's Guide to El Camino Del Diablo Leg 2B: El Camino Del Diablo from Tule Well to Tinajas Altas
    Cabeza Prieta Natural History Association A Visitor's Guide to El Camino del Diablo Leg 2b: El Camino del Diablo from Tule Well to Tinajas Altas Mile 69.0. 32°13’35”N, 113°44’59”W. Key Junction, Tule Well. At the junction head west (left) to go to Tinajas Altas. Tule Well has a cabin, well, large water tank, and picnic tables. The current cabin was built in 1989 by the US Air Force’s 832nd Civil Engineering Squadron to help celebrate the refuge’s 50th anniversary, and it replaced an earlier cabin built in 1949 for refuge staff, livestock line-riders, and border agents. Traces of the old well are visible. The campground has several picnic tables. The flagpole and Boy Scout monument northwest of the cabin were built for the refuge’s dedication in March 1941 and enhanced in 1989. The original plan was to place a life- sized statue of a bighorn sheep on the monument’s base. The scouts were instrumental in a political campaign to establish the refuge. The original hand-dug well was not there at the time of the Gadsden Purchase and subsequent boundary survey of 1854, nor did Pumpelly mention a well when he passed this way in 1861. But the boundary surveyors of 1891-1896 reported, “During the ‘early sixties’ [1860s] there was a large influx in Mexicans from Sonora to the gold diggings on the Colorado River, and an enterprising Mexican dug two wells near the road, in the purpose of selling water to travelers. But the deaths from thirst along this route became so frequent that the road was soon abandoned and for over twenty years had remained unused.” By another account, perhaps apocryphal, the enterprising Mexican who dug the wells was killed by someone who refused to pay for water.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Report Rapport De Recherche
    Research Report Rapport de Recherche LOREN LERNER Anna Dawson Harrington’s Landscape Drawings and Letters: Interweaving the Visual and Textual Spaces of an Autobiography In biographies of esteemed members of her The objective of this study of a Canadian family, Anna Dawson Harrington (1851-1917) is Victorian woman is to understand the relation- described as the helpful eldest daughter of John ship between material landscape and identity William Dawson (1820-1899), geologist and through the evidence found in her drawings and first principal of McGill University, the devoted the letters she wrote to her husband Bernard. wife of Bernard James Harrington (1848-1907), The drawings are mainly watercolour landscapes McGill professor in mining and chemistry, and that span a period of forty-five years, from 1869 the caring sister of George Mercer Dawson to 1914.1 Housed at the McCord Museum, they (1865-1901), scientist and surveyor (Michel depict numerous scenes of Little Metis, Quebec, 2003: 174-84; Michel 1992: 33-53; Ouellet 2003; on the lower Saint Lawrence River, where Anna Sheets-Pyenson 1996; Winslow-Spragge 1993). and her growing family spent their summers As mother of nine children, her homemaking while Bernard was often in Montreal working at skills are well documented in “Health Matters: McGill or engaged in fieldwork in other parts of The Dawson and Harrington Families at Home,” Canada or in England. Since Bernard was away a perceptive architectural analysis, by Annmarie so much of the time, the majority of Anna’s letters Adams and Peter Gossage (2010), of the ways were written from Little Metis, though a few Anna arranged and experienced the interior of interest were written from the family home spaces of her home to manage her children’s in Montreal and from Saint Andrews, Quebec, health, especially the health of her son Eric, who where Anna’s father-in-law had an estate.
    [Show full text]
  • 22–25 Oct. GSA 2017 Annual Meeting & Exposition
    22–25 Oct. GSA 2017 Annual Meeting & Exposition JULY 2017 | VOL. 27, NO. 7 NO. 27, | VOL. 2017 JULY A PUBLICATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA® JULY 2017 | VOLUME 27, NUMBER 7 SCIENCE 4 Extracting Bulk Rock Properties from Microscale Measurements: Subsampling and Analytical Guidelines M.C. McCanta, M.D. Dyar, and P.A. Dobosh GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) prints news Cover: Mount Holyoke College astronomy students field-testing a and information for more than 26,000 GSA member readers and subscribing libraries, with 11 monthly issues (March/ Raman BRAVO spectrometer for field mineral identification, examin- April is a combined issue). GSA TODAY is published by The ing pegmatite minerals crosscutting a slightly foliated hornblende Geological Society of America® Inc. (GSA) with offices at quartz monzodiorite and narrow aplite dikes exposed in the spillway 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado, USA, and a mail- of the Quabbin Reservoir. All three units are part of the Devonian ing address of P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation Belchertown igneous complex in central Massachusetts, USA. of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, See related article, p. 4–9. regardless of race, citizenship, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. © 2017 The Geological Society of America Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright not claimed on content prepared GSA 2017 Annual Meeting & Exposition wholly by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted 11 Abstracts Deadline permission, without fees or request to GSA, to use a single figure, table, and/or brief paragraph of text in subsequent 12 Education, Careers, and Mentoring work and to make/print unlimited copies of items in GSA TODAY for noncommercial use in classrooms to further 13 Feed Your Brain—Lunchtime Enlightenment education and science.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Message from Message from the the Chair of President and Chief 1 the Board 2 Executive Officer P
    McCord Stewart Museum Annual 19—20 Report Message from Message from the the Chair of President and Chief 1 the Board 2 Executive Officer P. 4 P. 6 Collections and Knowledge and Acquisitions Research 3 P. 8 4 P. 16 Conservation Exhibitions 5 P. 20 6 P. 22 Education, Marketing, Community Communications 7 Engagement and 8 and Visitor Cultural Programs Experience P. 32 P. 38 Sustainable The McCord Development Museum Foundation 9 P. 42 10 P. 44 Museum and Donors and Foundation Partners 11 Financial 12 P. 62 Statements P. 54 Board of Trustees and 13 Museum Team P. 70 To reduce our environmental impact, this report is being published in electronic format only. The PDF file may be downloaded. 2 McCord Stewart Museum Monique Jérôme-Forget A balanced Chair of the Board 1 Message budget, despite of Trustees from the Chair the pandemic The 2019-2020 fiscal year was marked by unusual reversals. Up to the end of the third of the Board quarter, the Museum could take pride in the remarkable success of its various initiatives, the development of numerous successful projects, and record attendance at both institutions. However, this exciting momentum came to a recognizing the Museum’s role in educating and sudden stop in the first quarter of 2020 with enhancing awareness of Indigenous cultures the arrival in North America of the COVID-19 within Montreal’s arts community. pandemic, the resulting economic slowdown and the unexpected closure of the Museum. Thanks also go to all the members of our Board of Trustees, particularly Daniel Fournier, who This sudden reversal of fortune obviously resigned as Chair of the McCord Museum generated a number of problems for us as well Foundation after filling this position for over six as for all cultural and economic organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Arizona's Wildlife Linkages Assessment
    ARIZONAARIZONA’’SS WILDLIFEWILDLIFE LINKAGESLINKAGES ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT Workgroup Prepared by: The Arizona Wildlife Linkages ARIZONA’S WILDLIFE LINKAGES ASSESSMENT 2006 ARIZONA’S WILDLIFE LINKAGES ASSESSMENT Arizona’s Wildlife Linkages Assessment Prepared by: The Arizona Wildlife Linkages Workgroup Siobhan E. Nordhaugen, Arizona Department of Transportation, Natural Resources Management Group Evelyn Erlandsen, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Habitat Branch Paul Beier, Northern Arizona University, School of Forestry Bruce D. Eilerts, Arizona Department of Transportation, Natural Resources Management Group Ray Schweinsburg, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Research Branch Terry Brennan, USDA Forest Service, Tonto National Forest Ted Cordery, Bureau of Land Management Norris Dodd, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Research Branch Melissa Maiefski, Arizona Department of Transportation, Environmental Planning Group Janice Przybyl, The Sky Island Alliance Steve Thomas, Federal Highway Administration Kim Vacariu, The Wildlands Project Stuart Wells, US Fish and Wildlife Service 2006 ARIZONA’S WILDLIFE LINKAGES ASSESSMENT First Printing Date: December, 2006 Copyright © 2006 The Arizona Wildlife Linkages Workgroup Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written consent from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written consent of the copyright holder. Additional copies may be obtained by submitting a request to: The Arizona Wildlife Linkages Workgroup E-mail: [email protected] 2006 ARIZONA’S WILDLIFE LINKAGES ASSESSMENT The Arizona Wildlife Linkages Workgroup Mission Statement “To identify and promote wildlife habitat connectivity using a collaborative, science based effort to provide safe passage for people and wildlife” 2006 ARIZONA’S WILDLIFE LINKAGES ASSESSMENT Primary Contacts: Bruce D.
    [Show full text]
  • Pioneer Explorer of Western Canada
    family moved to Montreal. Nurtured by his father’s interest in education and natural his- tory, Dawson developed as the distin- guished son of paleobotanist Sir William Dawson. At nine, Dawson showed symptoms of an illness that would permanently affect his life. RROCKOCK STARS STARS He was stricken with a rare and serious form of tuberculosis, affecting the spinal vertebrae (Pott’s disease). For several years he was bedridden and wore a body truss. He was left with “the torso of a hunchback,” the “stature of a ten year old,” and recurring headaches, impediments which make his later achievements all the more extraordi- nary. Regular schooling was impossible, so he continued his studies with tutors at home. In this environment, he was able to pursue a wide variety of subjects beyond the normal school curriculum, including using the mi- croscope and blowpipe, photography, and drawing. He absorbed knowledge readily, satisfying his avid intellectual curiosity, and never complaining about his disabilities. In 1868, Dawson entered McGill as a part- time student, attending lectures in English, chemistry, and geology. A year later, he sailed to England to attend London’s Royal School of Mines (RSM). His father provided a special “invalid’s chair” for his use while GeorgeGeorge MercerMercer Dawson:Dawson: studying, and Dawson coped quite well. At the RSM, affiliated with the British PioneerPioneer ExplorerExplorer ofof WesternWestern CanadaCanada Geological Survey (BGS), his instruction in geology, mining, metallurgy, and chemistry Charles H. Smith, Geological Survey of Canada (retired), Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5P5, was overseen by leading British scientists, in- Canada, [email protected] cluding A.C.
    [Show full text]
  • George Mercer Dawson: the “Little Giant” of Canadian Geology Brett
    George Mercer Dawson: The “Little Giant” of Canadian Geology Brett Gilley* and Jenéa Tallentire University of British Columbia University of the Fraser Valley with fatigue. In my daily letter to Montreal from Cacouma I told him that, with regard to hand carriages, if he could locate one suitable for running up Dawson became the Director of the GSC in 1895. The position took him and down precipices and through woods full of spruce scrub it might also do away from his beloved fieldwork, but he knew the job was important and well to carry water for my aquarium. “ persevered. Academics “To achieve what one has long wished for is, in my limited experience, both The support and mentorship of his father’s academic connections helped a blessing and a curse.” Dawson break through what might have been otherwise insurmountable barriers of prejudice. These connections would be instrumental in opening “The job quickly manifested itself as an ever‐moving train of rather tedious doors to further his career, but his drive and skill are what helped to propel details linked together by my sole authority to handle them. The desktop him through into academic and professional excellence. He was soon became my restricted field, and my hands its reluctant explorer.” enrolled in the Royal School of Mines in London, taking courses from the As director Dawson’s challenge was to improve the morale of the Survey likes of Thomas Huxley. staff and the public image of the institution. He hoped to shift the Survey from the broad strokes of reconnaissance mapping to a finer scale “...Father had arranged through his old friend Professor Lyell that I should systematic mapping, but was often driven towards the former, including attend the Royal School of Mines.
    [Show full text]
  • A BRIEF HISTORY of DISCOVERY in the GULF of CALIFORNIA © Richard C
    A BRIEF HISTORY OF DISCOVERY IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA © Richard C. Brusca Vers. 12 June 2021 (All photos by the author, unless otherwise indicated) value of their visits. And there is good FIRST DISCOVERIES evidence that the Seri People (Comcaac) of San Esteban Island, and native people of Archaeological evidence tells us that Native the Baja California peninsula, ate sea lions. Americans were present in northwest Mexico at least 13,000 years ago. Although these hunter-gatherers probably began visiting the shores of the Northern Gulf of California around that time, any early evidence has been lost as sea level has risen with the end of the last ice age. Sea level stabilized ~6000 years ago (ybp), and the earliest evidence of humans along the shores of Sonora and Baja California (otoliths, or fish ear bones from shell middens) is around that age. Excavations of shell middens from the Bahía Adair and Puerto Peñasco region of the Upper Gulf show more-or-less continuous use of the coastal area over the past 6000 years (Middle Archaic Period; based on Salina Grande, on the upper Sonoran coast; radiocarbon dates of charcoal and fish a huge salt flat in which are found artesian otoliths to ~4270 BC). The subsistence springs (pozos) pattern of these midden sites suggests a The famous Covacha Babisuri lifestyle basically identical to that of the archaeological site on Isla Espíritu Santo, in earliest Sand Papago (Areneños, or Hia ced the Southern Gulf, has yielded evidence of O’odham) (see Mitchell et al. 2020). indigenous use that included harvesting and In the coastal shallows, Native working pearls as much as 8,500 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography and Index
    Bulletin No. 203. Series G, Miscellaneous, 23 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES .1). YVALCOTT, DIRECTOR BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX FOR T I-I E Y E A. R 1 9 O 1 BY FRED BOUGHTON "WEEKS WASHINGTON - GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1902 CONTENTS, Page. Letter of transmittal....................................................... 5 Introduction ......... 4 ................................................... 7 List of publications examined ............................................. 9 Bibliography ............................................................ 13 Addenda to bibliographies for previous years............................... 95 Classified key to the index ...........'.......... ............................ 97 Index ..................................................................... 103 LETTER OF TRANSM1TTAL. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Washington, D. 0., July % SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript of a Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, Paleontology, Petrology, and Mineralogy for the Year 1901, and to request that it be published as a Bulletin of the Survey. Yours respectfully, F. B. WEEKS. Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, director United State* Geological Survey. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY, PETROLOGY, AND MINERALOGY FOR THE YEAR 1901. By FRED BOUGHTON WEEKS. INTRODUCTION. The preparation and arrangement of the material of the Bibliog­ raphy and Index for 1901 is similar to that adopted for the previous publications.(Bulletins Nos. 130, 135, 146, 149, 156, 162, 172, 188, and 189). Several papers that should have been entered in the pre­ vious bulletins are here recorded, and the date of publication is given with each entry. Bibliography. The bibliography consists of full titles of separate papers, arranged alphabetically by authors' names, an abbreviated reference to the publication in which the paper is printed, and a brief description of the contents, each paper being numbered for index reference.
    [Show full text]
  • EPISTEMOLOGICAL INEQUALITY: ABORIGINAL LABOR and KNOWLEDGE in the GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS of GEORGE MERCER DAWSON, 1874-1901. By
    EPISTEMOLOGICAL INEQUALITY: ABORIGINAL LABOR AND KNOWLEDGE IN THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF GEORGE MERCER DAWSON, 1874-1901. by Eva Jean Prkachin B.A., The University of Northern British Columbia, 2007 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2009 © Eva Jean Prkachin, 2009 ABSTRACT Historical studies of Canadian science often ignore the assistance that Aboriginal people provided to frontier scientists. Monographs and biographies detailing the extraordinary career of Canadian geological surveyor George Mercer Dawson in the late nineteenth-century subsume the role that Aboriginal people played in his explorations. Postcolonial scholarship dealing with science criticizes the low epistemological status that scientific explorers accorded to Aboriginal knowledge, but neglects how collaboration between Aboriginal people and scientists influenced the knowledge that they produced in the New World. Dawson’s journals, technical notes, and scientific publications detail the numerous types of physical and intellectual labor that Aboriginal people contribute4d to his surveying expeditions in western Canada, particularly British Columbia, Alberta, and the Yukon. Using Aboriginal guides, general laborers, and informants enabled Dawson to cover substantial amounts of terrain during short surveying seasons, avoid hazards and delays, make ethnological observations, and record information on regions that he did not personally visit. Despite borrowing substantial amounts of knowledge from his Aboriginal guides and informants, Dawson did not equate Indigenous knowledge with scientific epistemologies. Dawson extracted the knowledge that Aboriginal people supplied him with from its epistemological packaging, but frequently acknowledged the Indigenous origin of his information, even in highly specialized scientific publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Southwestern Trees
    I SOUTHWESTERN TREES A Guide to the Native Species of New Mexico and Arizona Agriculture Handbook No. 9 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service SOUTHWESTERN TREES A Guide to the Native Species of New Mexico and Arizona By ELBERT L. LITTLE, JR., Forester (Dendrology) FOREST SERVICE Agriculture Handbook No. 9 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DECEMBER 1950 Reviewed and approved for reprinting August 1968 For sale by the Superintendent oí Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - CONTENTS Page Page Introduction . 1 Spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) . 76 Vegetation of New Mexico and Cashew family (Anacardiaceae) . 78 Arizona 4 Bittersweet family (Celastraceae) 79 Forests of New Mexico and Arizona 9 Maple family (Aceraceae) .... 80 How to use this handbook 10 Soapberry family (Sapindaceae) . 82 Pine family (Pinaceae) .-..,.. 10 Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) . 83 Palm family (Palmae) 24 Sterculla family (Sterculiaceae) . 86 Lily family (Liliaceae) 26 Tamarisk family (Tamaricaceae) . 86 Willow family (Salicaceae) .... 31 Allthorn family (Koeberliniaceae) 88 Walnut family (Juglandaceae) . 42 Cactus family (Cactaceae) .... 88 Birch family (Betulaceae) .... 44 Dogwood family (Cornaceae) . , 95 Beech family (Fagaceae) .... 46 Heath family (Ericaceae) .... 96 Elm family (Ulmaceae) 53 Sapote family (Sapotaceae) ... 97 Mulberry family (Moraceae) ... 54 Olive family (Oleaceae) 98 Sycamore family (Platanaceae) . 54 Nightshade family (Solanaceae) . 101 Rose family (Rosaceae) 55 Bignonia family (Bignoniaceae) . 102 Legume family (Leguminosae) . 63 Honeysuckle family (Caprifo- liaceae) 103 Rue family (Rutaceae) 73 Selected references 104 Ailanthus family (Simaroubaceae) 74 Index of common and scientific Bur sera family (Burseraceae) . 75 names 106 11 SOUTHWESTERN TREES A Guide to the Native Species of New Mexico and Arizona INTRODUCTION The Southwest, where the low, hot, barren Mexican deserts meet the lofty, cool, forested Rocky Mountains in New Mexico and Ari- zona, has an unsuspected richness of native trees.
    [Show full text]